Deterioro cognitivo, nivel educativo y ocupación en una población de una clínica de memoria*

Información del artículo

Resumen

Introducción

Factores sociodemográficos y genéticos se han relacionado con el desarrollo del deterioro cognitivo y la progresión a demencia.

Método

En este estudio se evaluaron características sociodemográficas junto con el genotipo de la apolipoproteína E (ApoE) en individuos mayores de 55 años de edad con deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL) y demencia tipo Alzheimer (DTA) atendidos en una clínica de la memoria.

Resultados

De los individuos que consultaron la clínica de la memoria en un período de cuatro años, 155 (36%) cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y se clasificaron en grupos diagnósticos de acuerdo con la cuarta edición revisada del Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales (DSM-IV-TR) y los criterios del National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS-ADRDA). Los individuos con DTA y DCL se dedicaron más a ocupaciones predominantemente manuales durante el transcurso de la vida que los individuos cognitivamente sanos (p=0,014). Un porcentaje alto de los individuos con DCL y cognitivamente sanos (43%) dejaron su ocupación principal o cambiaron a una predominantemente manual después del retiro laboral. No se encontraron otros factores asociados con el deterioro cognitivo, entre éstos polimorfismos en ApoE.

Conclusión

Estos resultados sustentan una relación entre la ocupación principal durante el transcurso de la vida y el desarrollo de deterioro cognitivo después de los 55 años.

Palabras clave:

trastornos cognitivos

educación

ocupación

apolipoproteínas E

Abstract

Introduction

Socio-demographic and genetic factors have been involved in the development of cognitive impairment and its progression to dementia.

Method

The present study evaluates socio-demographic characteristics and the ApoE genotype in individuals older than 55 years with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), attending a memory clinic.

Results

155 individuals (36%) out of the total population who attended the memory clinic in a four-year period met the inclusion criteria. The study population was classified in diagnostic groups according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) and to the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (NICNCDS-ADRDA) criteria. More AD and MCI individuals worked in mainly manual occupations throughout their lifetime compared to cognitively unimpaired individuals (p=0.014). A high percentage of individuals with MCI and of cognitively unimpaired individuals (43%) left their primary occupation or changed it for a mainly manual occupation after their retirement. No other factors associated to the cognitive impairment, including ApoE genotype, were found.

Conclusion

These results support a correlation between the primary occupation during lifetime and the development of cognitive impairment in individuals older than 55 years.

Key words:

Cognitive disorders

education

occupation

apolipoproteins E

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Conflicto de interés: los autores manifiestan que no tienen ningún conflicto de interés en este artículo.

Este trabajo fue financiado por la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. Hace parte de la tesis de Maestría en Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, “Prevalencia de los polimorfismos del gen APOE en una población de ancianos de la ciudad de Pereira con deterioro cognitivo leve, enfermedad de Alzheimer y cognitivamente sanos”, 2007, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. Se presentó en el VI Seminario Internacional y V Encuentro Nacional de Neurociencias, Cali, Colombia, el 6 de octubre de 2006.

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