Prevalencia de trastorno obsesivo compulsivo en adolescentes colombianos y su asociación con la doble condición de trabajo y estudio*

Información del artículo

Resumen

Objetivos

Estimar la prevalencia del trastorno obsesivo compulsivo (TOC) en niños y adolescentes escolarizados y determinar los factores sociodemográficos asociados.

Método

Se desarrolló un estudio transversal con una muestra de 501 niños y niñas de 10 a 17 años de colegios de Bucaramanga. Se tomaron los datos sociodemográficos y se les realizó la entrevista clínica estructurada para los trastornos del eje I del DSM-IV, versión clínica. Se examinaron los factores sociodemográficos con un análisis bivariado. Se realizó análisis estratificado y una regresión logística no condicional, tomando el trabajo por dinero como una variable explicatoria de riesgo para el desarrollo de TOC.

Resultados

La prevalencia del TOC fue de 7,4% (IC 95%: 5,3–10,0). Los estudiantes con TOC presentan una prevalencia de trabajo por dinero mayor que en los que no tienen (OR: 2,23; IC 95%: 1,0–4,4). Al controlar variables confusoras, las niñas que trabajaban por dinero mostraron un mayor riesgo en la presencia de TOC (OR: 5,4; IC 95%: 1,7–17,4).

Conclusión

El estudio sugiere que la prevalencia del TOC en niños escolarizados de Bucaramanga es alta. La doble condición de trabajar y estudiar en las niñas podría ser un factor de riesgo asociado con TOC

Palabras clave:

Prevalencia

trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo

trabajo de menores

adolescente

Abstract

Objectives

To estimate the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and adolescents attending school in Bucaramanga, Colombia, and to determine its associated socio-demographic factors.

Method

A cross-sectional design was used with a sample size of 501 individuals between the ages of 10 to 17 years enrolled in Bucaramanga's schools. They were administered a structured clinical interview OCD module. Socio-demographic data was also collected. The inquired sociodemographic factors were analyzed with bivariate analysis. Work for money was taken as a risk explanatory variable for developing OCD; stratified analysis and unconditional logistic regression were carried out.

Results

Prevalence of OCD was found to be 7.4% (95% CI: 5.3–10.0) in this population. Students with OCD had a prevalence of working for money higher than those who did not (OR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.0–4.4). Girls who worked for money showed a higher risk of having OCD than those who did not (OR: 5.4; 95% CI: 1.7–7.4), in a logistic regression model.

Conclusion

These results suggest that the prevalence of OCD among Colombian school children is higher than elsewhere. In addition, working while going to school might be a risk factor associated with OCD in girls.

Key words:

Prevalence

obsessive-compulsive disorder

child labor

adolescent

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