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Inicio Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría Prevalencia de trastornos psicóticos en comparación con trastornos no psicóti...
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Vol. 39. Núm. 3.
Páginas 556-568 (septiembre 2010)
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Vol. 39. Núm. 3.
Páginas 556-568 (septiembre 2010)
Artículos originales
Acceso a texto completo
Prevalencia de trastornos psicóticos en comparación con trastornos no psicóticos en una población de pacientes de Venezuela sometida a estrés
Prevalence of Psychotic Disorders Compared to Non-psychotic Disorders in a Venezuelan Community Subjected to Stress
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893
Óscar Medina Ortiz1,
Autor para correspondencia
oscarmedina61@yahoo.es

Correspondencia: Óscar Medina Ortiz, Avenida Universidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, 3° Piso, San Cristóbal 5001, Venezuela
, Nairy Rangel2, Concetina Galietta3, Luis Pulido4, Nora Sánchez-Mora5
1 Médico psiquiatra. Doctor en Neurociencias. Jefe de la Cátedra de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes. San Cristóbal, Venezuela
2 Médico psiquiatra. Jefe del Servicio de Psiquiatría del Hospital Patrocinio Peñuela Ruiz. San Cristóbal, Venezuela
3 Médica psiquiatra adjunta a la consulta externa de Psiquiatría del Hospital Patrocinio Peñuela Ruiz. San Cristóbal, Venezuela
4 Becario. Estudiante de Medicina. Miembro del equipo de Investigación en Salud Mental y Trastornos del sueño de la Universidad de los Andes. San Cristóbal, Venezuela
5 PhD Miembro del equipo de Investigación en Salud Mental y Trastornos del sueño de la Universidad de los Andes. San Cristóbal, Venezuela
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen
Objetivo

Describir la prevalencia de trastornos psicóticos en comparación con trastornos no psicóticos según procedencia y sexo en pacientes que acuden a la consulta de psiquiatría en una población venezolana sometida a estrés de secuestros, sicarios y altos índices de criminalidad.

Método

Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, de morbilidad entre julio y diciembre de 2008 de la consulta de psiquiatría de un hospital general de Venezuela.

Resultados

En la consulta se atendieron 1.801 pacientes, de los cuales 56,7% fueron mujeres. El 58% los pacientes provenía de San Cristóbal; 40,4% de otra ciudad del estado del Táchira, y 1,6% de otro estado. El diagnóstico que predominó entre todos los pacientes fue trastorno de ansiedad (19,7%). Los trastornos psicóticos (esquizofrenia, trastorno afectivo bipolar y trastorno mental orgánico) fueron diagnosticados en un 34,6%. Los trastornos no psicóticos (ansiedad, depresión y trastorno obsesivo-convulsivo) fueron diagnosticados en un 30,2%. El diagnóstico de psicosis predominó en los pacientes procedentes de San Cristóbal, en comparación con los que procedían de otra región (p<0,0001). En el sexo femenino predominaron los diagnósticos de ansiedad y depresión y en el masculino el diagnóstico de psicosis (p<0,0001).

Conclusión

Los trastornos psicóticos se diagnosticaron con mayor frecuencia en los pacientes que viven en San Cristóbal, lo que sugiere que la tensión emocional que reina en la ciudad puede ser un factor de riesgo desencadenante de las crisis psicóticas de los pacientes.

Palabras clave:
estrés
psicosis
ansiedad
depresión
Abstract
Objective

To describe the prevalence of psychotic disorders compared with non-psychotic disorders sorted by residence and sex in patients attending psychiatric consultation in a Venezuelan community under stress due to kidnappings, murder and high crime rates.

Method

Retrospective and descriptive study of morbidity of psychiatric disorders between July and December 2008 in the psychiatric services at a general hospital in Venezuela.

Results

1.801 patients were seen at the psychiatric services, 56.7% were women. 58% came from San Cristobal, 40.4% from other cities and 1.6% from the state of Tachira. The diagnosis that prevailed among all patients was anxiety disorder (19.7%). Psychotic disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and organic mental disorder) were diagnosed in 34.6%. Non-psychotic disorders (anxiety, depression and obsessive compulsive disorder) were diagnosed in 30.2%. The diagnosis of psychosis predominated in patients from San Cristobal in comparison with those from other areas (p<0.0001). Anxiety and depression predominated in females and the diagnosis of psychosis in male patients (p<0.0001).

Conclusion

Psychotic disorders were more frequently diagnosed in patients living in San Cristobal, which might suggest that emotional tension present and experienced in urban areas could be a risk factor triggering crisis in psychotic patients.

Key words:
Stress
psychosis
anxiety
depression
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Copyright © 2010. Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría
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