Información del artículo
El esguince de tobillo es una de las lesiones más comunes en ortopedia. El mecanismo más habitual de lesión es una entorsis en inversión del pie. Con este mecanismo, el complejo ligamentario lateral del tobillo se lesiona. La mayoría de los pacientes con esguince agudo de tobillo pueden ser manejados con éxito con un tratamiento conservador. Sin embargo, muchos pacientes sufren síntomas residuales que incluyen dolor crónico e inestabilidad.
La artroscopia en el tobillo sigue evolucionando. Se han observado lesiones intraarticulares durante la artroscopia de tobillo en pacientes afectos de dolor anterolateral tras un esguince de tobillo, o en la inestabilidad crónica de tobillo. Estos hallazgos artroscópicos sugieren la presencia de una microinestabilidad o inestabilidad oculta de tobillo en algunos pacientes, o de una inestabilidad rotatoria del tobillo en pacientes con síntomas crónicos de inestabilidad. Recientemente se han descrito técnicas artroscópicas para el tratamiento de la inestabilidad lateral del tobillo con resultados excelentes.
El objetivo de este trabajo es dar a los lectores una revisión completa sobre las novedades relacionadas con la inestabilidad crónica del tobillo.
Palabras clave:
Esguince de tobillo
Dolor anterolateral
Inestabilidad de tobillo
Artroscopia
Microinestabilidad
Inestabilidad rotatoria
Ankle sprain is one of the most common disorders among orthopaedic patients. The most common mechanism of injury is an inversion movement of the foot. With this mechanism, the lateral ligament complex of the ankle is injured. Most patients with acute ankle sprains can be successfully managed with conservative treatment. However, many patients report residual symptoms, including chronic pain and instability.
Arthroscopy in the ankle continues to evolve. Intra-articular pathological findings have been observed during ankle arthroscopy in patients affected by anterolateral pain after an ankle sprain or chronic ankle instability. These findings suggest the presence of a microinstability or occult ankle instability in some patients, or a rotational ankle instability in patients with chronic instability symptoms. Recently, arthroscopic techniques have been described to treat lateral ankle instability with excellent results.
The aim of this paper is to provide the readers a comprehensive review of innovations regarding the chronic ankle instability.
Key words:
Ankle sprain
Anterolateral pain
Ankle instability
Arthroscopy
Microinstability
Rotational instability
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