metricas
covid
Buscar en
Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología (English Edition)
Toda la web
Inicio Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología (English Edition) Diaphyseal femur fractures in children. Treatment update
Información de la revista
Vol. 55. Núm. 1.
Páginas 54-66 (enero - febrero 2011)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 55. Núm. 1.
Páginas 54-66 (enero - febrero 2011)
Review article
Acceso a texto completo
Diaphyseal femur fractures in children. Treatment update
Fracturas diafisarias del fémur en el niño: actualización en el tratamiento
Visitas
3039
P. González-Herranz
Autor para correspondencia
pgonher@canalejo.org

Corresponding author.
, M.Ll. Rodríguez Rodríguez, M.A. Castro Torre
Unidad de COT Infantil, Hospital Materno Infantil Teresa Herrera, A Coruña, Spain
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Abstract

The treatment of diaphyseal femur fractures in children is a subject of great controversy due to the procedures employed in adults not being applicable during the growth period. However, there appears to be some consensus in that the method we choose must lead to shortening the hospital stay, is comfortable for the patient, provides suitable stability to the fracture and has less complications and after effects. There is some unanimity in that the methods of choice should be conservative in children less than 5 years-old (Pavlik harness, early cast), except in complex situations. It is from 6 years to 13 years, the period in which one method or the other that should be discussed more. Nowadays, elastic intramedullary nailing is the method preferred by many authors, particularly for transverse fractures and those located in the middle third, except in cases of great instability. In these situations of comminuted or oblique fractures with monolateral external fixation, the rigid nails introduced from the trochanteric region and percutaneous plating can be a good option. There is currently no method that could be applied to all the different types of fracture. The chosen therapeutic option should be based on the clinical stability of the patient, the characteristics of the fracture, diameter of the medullary cavity and weight of the patient.

Keywords:
Femur fracture
Elastic nails
Monolateral external fixation
Overgrowth
Remodelling
Resumen

El tratamiento de las fracturas de la diáfisis del fémur en el niño, está sometido a una gran controversia, debido a que los procedimientos que se emplean en los adultos no son aplicables durante el período de crecimiento. No obstante, parece que existe un cierto consenso en que el método que elijamos debe ir encaminado a acortar el tiempo de estancia hospitalaria, que sea confortable para el paciente, que proporcione una adecuada estabilidad a la fractura y origine en menor número de complicaciones y secuelas. Parece existir cierta unanimidad en que en menores de 5 años los métodos conservadores (arnés de Pavlik, yeso precoz,…) son los métodos de elección salvo en situaciones complejas. Es a partir de los 6 años y hasta los 13 años, el período en el cual la indicación de un método u otro puede estar más en discusión, si bien hoy en día el enclavado intramedular elástico es el método de predilección por parte de la mayoría de los autores, sobre todo para fracturas transversales y que asientan en el tercio medio, excepto en casos de gran inestabilidad. En estas situaciones de fracturas conminutas o con trazos oblícuos, la fijación externa monolateral, los clavos rígidos introducidos desde la región trocantérica y las placas atornilladas percutáneas submuscular pueden ser una buena opción. En la actualidad no existe un método que pueda aplicarse a la totalidad de los diferentes tipos de fractura. La opción terapéutica elegida deberá basarse en la estabilidad clínica del paciente, características de la fractura, diámetro de la cavidad medular y peso del paciente.

Palabras clave:
Fractura fémur
Clavos elásticos
Fijación externa
Clavo intramedular
Placa percutánea
Hipercrecimiento
Remodelación
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
References
[1.]
M. Letts, D. Davidson, P. Lapner.
Multiple trauma in children: predicting outcome and long-term results.
Can J Surg, 45 (2002), pp. 126-131
[2.]
R.T. Loder, L.J. Gullahorn, E.H. Yian, M.R. Ferrick, D.S. Raskas, M.L. Greenfield.
Factors predictive of immobilization complications in pediatric polytrauma.
J Orthop Trauma, 15 (2001), pp. 338-341
[3.]
R.T. Loder, P.W. O’Donell, J.R. Feinberg.
Epidemiology and mechanism of femur fractures in children.
J Pediatr Orthop, 26 (2006), pp. 561-566
[4.]
J.M. Flynn, R.M. Schwend.
Management of pediatric femoral shaft fractures.
J Am Acad Orthop Surg, 12 (2004), pp. 347-359
[5.]
J.O. Anglen, L. Choi.
Treatment options in pediatric femoral shaft fractures.
J Orthop Trauma, 19 (2005), pp. 724-733
[6.]
F.J. Scheerder, J.M. Schnater, C. Sleeboom, D.C. Aronson.
Bryant traction in paediatric femoral shaft fractures, home traction versus hospitalisation.
[7.]
J.A. López Mondéjar, P. González Herranz, M.L. García de Paredes.
Fracturas Diafisarias de Fémur.
Lesiones Traumáticas del Niño, pp. 649-668
[8.]
C.J. V anlaningham, T.M. Schaller, C. Wise.
Skeletal versus skin traction before definitive management of pediatric femur fractures: a comparison of patient narcotic requirements.
J Pediatr Orthop, 29 (2009), pp. 609-611
[9.]
D. Aronson, R. Singer, R. Higgins.
Skeletal Traction for Fractures of the Femoral Shaft in Children.
J Bone Joint Surg, 69-A (1987), pp. 1435-1439
[10.]
T. D’Ollonne, A. Rubio, J. Leroux, S. Lusakisimo, T. Hayek, J. Griffet.
Early reduction versus skin traction in the orthopaedic treatment of femoral shaft fractures in children under 6 years old.
J Child Orthop, 3 (2009), pp. 209-215
[11.]
R.N. Irani, J.T. Nicholson, S.M.K. Chung.
Long-term results in the treatment of femoral-shaft fractures in young children by immediate spica immobilization.
J Bone Joint Surg, 58-A (1976), pp. 945-951
[12.]
O. Henderson, R. Morrissy, M. Gerdes, R. McCarthy.
Early casting of femoral shaft fractures in children.
J Pediatr Orthop, 4 (1984), pp. 16-21
[13.]
D.A. Podeszwa, J.F. Mooney 3rd, K.E. Cramer, M.J. Mendelow.
Comparison of Pavlik harness application and immediate spica casting for femur fractures in infants.
J Pediatr Orthop, 24 (2004), pp. 460-462
[14.]
D.R. Wenger, M.E. Pring.
Rang's Chidren’s Fractures.
3a ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, (2005),
[15.]
R.M. Kay, D.L. Skaggs.
Pediatric politrauma management.
J Pediatr Orthop, 26 (2006), pp. 268-277
[16.]
I. Helenius, T.S. Lamberg, S. Kääriäinen, A. Impinen, M.P. Pakarinen.
Operative treatment of fractures in children is increasing. A population-based study from Finland.
J Bone Joint Surg, 91A (2009), pp. 2612-2616
[17.]
R. Reeves, R. Ballard, J. Hughes.
Internal fixation versus traction and casting of adolescent femoral shaft fractures.
J Pediatr Orthop, 10 (1990), pp. 592-595
[18.]
T. Hansen.
Fractures of the femoral shaft in children treated with an AO-compression plate. Report of 12 cases followed until adulthood.
Acta Orthop Scand, 63 (1992), pp. 50-52
[19.]
D. Hedequist, J. Bishop, T. Hresko.
Locking plate fixation for pediatric femur fractures.
J Pediatr Orthop, 28 (2008), pp. 6-9
[20.]
M.S. Kocher, E.L. Sink, R.D. Blasier, S.J. Luhmann, C.T. Mehlman, D.M. Scher, et al.
Treatment of pediatric diaphyseal femur fractures.
J Am Acad Orthop Surg, 17 (2009), pp. 718-725
[21.]
O. Pate, D. Hedequist, N. Leong, T. Hresko.
Implant removal after submuscular plating for pediatric femur fractures.
J Pediatr Orthop, 29 (2009), pp. 709-712
[22.]
R.M. Kirby, R.A. Winquist, S.T. Hansen.
Femoral shaft fractures in adolescents: a comparison between traction plus cast treatment and closed intramedullary nailing.
J Pediatr Orthop, 1 (1981), pp. 193-197
[23.]
P. González Herranz, J. Rapariz González, J. Burgos Flores, J. Ocete Guzmán, J. López Mondéjar, S. Amaya Alarcón.
Femoral intramedullary nailing in children. Effects on the proximal end of the femur.
J Bone Joint Surg, 77-B (1995), pp. 262-266
[24.]
J.O. Sanders, R.H. Browne, J.F. Mooney, E.M. Raney, B.D. Horn, D.J. Anderson, et al.
Treatment of Femoral Fractures in Children by Pediatric Orthopedists: Results of a 1998 Survey.
J Pediatr Orthop, 21 (2001), pp. 436-441
[25.]
L. Jencikova-Celerin, J.H. Phillips, Ll.N. Werk, S.A. Wiltrout, I. Nathanson.
Flexible interlocked nailing of pediatric femoral fractures: experience with a new flexible interlocking intramedullary nail compared with other fixation procedures.
J Pediatr Orthop, 28 (2008), pp. 864-873
[26.]
K.A. Keeler, B. Dart, S.J. Luhmann, P.L. Schoenecker, M.R. Ortman, M.B. Dobbs, et al.
Antegrade intramedullary nailing of pediatric femoral fractures using an interlocking pediatric femoral nail and a lateral trochanteric entry point.
J Pediatr Orthop, 29 (2009), pp. 345-351
[27.]
A. Mahar, E. Sink, F. Faro, R. Oka, P.O. Newton.
Differences in biomechanical stability of femur fracture fixation when using titanium nails of increasing diameter.
J Child Orthop, 1 (2007), pp. 211-215
[28.]
J.N. Ligier, J.P. Metaizeau, J. Prevot, P. Lascombes.
Elastic stable intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures in children.
J Bone Joint Surg, 70-B (1988), pp. 74-77
[29.]
Vierhout BP, Sleeboom C, Aronson DC, Van Walsum AD, Zijp G, Heij HA. Long-term outcome of elastic stable intramedullary fixation (ESIF) of femoral fractures in children. J Pediatr Surg. 200;16:432–7.javascript:AL get.(this, ‘jour’, ‘J Am Acad Orthop Surg.’).
[30.]
P. Lascombes, T. Haumont, P. Journeau.
Use and abbuse of flexible intramedullary nailing in children and adolescents.
J Pediatr Orthop, 26 (2006), pp. 827-834
[31.]
A.I. Leet, C.P. Pichard, M.C. Ain.
Surgical treatment of femoral fractures in obese children: does excessive body weight increase the rate of complications?.
J Bone Joint Surg, 87A (2005), pp. 2609-2613
[32.]
J.M. Weiss, P. Choi, C. Ghatan, D.L. Skaggs, R.M. Kay.
Complications with flexible nailing of femur fractures more than double with child obesity and weight >50kg.
J Child Orthop, 3 (2009), pp. 53-58
[33.]
L.A. Moroz, F. Launay, M.S. Kocher, P.O. Newton, S.L. Frick, P.D. Sponseller, et al.
Titanium elastic nailing of fractures of the femur in children: predictors of complications and poor outcome.
J Bone Joint Surg, 88-B (2006), pp. 1361-1366
[34.]
E.J. Wall, V. Jain, V. Vora, Ch.T. Mehlman, A.H. Crawford.
Complications of titanium and stainless steel elastic nail fixation of pediatric femoral fractures.
J Bone Joint Surg, 90A (2008), pp. 1305-1313
[35.]
D. Kirschenbaum, M.C. Albert, W.W. Robertson Jr, R.S. Davidson.
Complex femur fractures in children: treatment with external fixation.
J Pediatr Orthop, 10 (1990), pp. 588-591
[36.]
C.C. Kesemenli, M. Subasi, H. Arslan, T. Tüzüner, S. Necmioglu, A. Kapukaya.
Is external fixation in pediatric femoral fractures a risk factor for refracture?.
J Pediatr Orthop, 24 (2004), pp. 17-20
[37.]
L.E. Ramseier, A.R. Bhaskar, W.G. Cole, A.W. Howard.
Treatment of open femur fractures between external fixation and intramedullary nailing.
J Pediatr Orthop, 27 (2007), pp. 748-750
[38.]
P.D. Stein, A.Y. Yaekoub, F. Matta, M. Kleerekoper.
Fat embolism syndrome.
Am J Med Sci, 336 (2008), pp. 472-477
[39.]
E. Cobelo Romero, V. Moreno Barrueco, C. De La Fuente González, J.A. López Mondéjar, P. González Herranz.
Fracturas diafisarias de fémur en niños: estudio comparativo entre tratamiento ortopédico, enclavado intramedular rígido, elástico, placa y fijación externa.
Rev Fij Ext, 7 (2004), pp. 18-23
[40.]
A. Aitken, C. Blackett, J. Cincotti.
Overgrowth following fractures in childhood.
J Bone Joint Surg, 21 (1939), pp. 334-339
[41.]
F. Shapiro.
Fractures of the femoral shaft in children: the overgrowth phenomenum.
Act Ortop Scand, 52 (1981), pp. 649-655
[42.]
J. Viljanto, H. Kiviluoto, M. Paananen.
Remodeling after femoral shaft fractures in children.
Act Orthop Scand, 141 (1975), pp. 360-365
[43.]
J. Gascó, J. de Pablos.
Bone remodeling in malunited fractures in children. Is it reliable?.
J Pediatr Orthop B, 6 (1997), pp. 126-132
[44.]
J.R. Davids.
Rotational deformity and remodeling after fracture of the femur in children.
Clin Orthop Relat Res, 302 (1994), pp. 27-35
[45.]
S. Stilli, M. Magnani, M. Lampasi, D. Antonioli, C. Bettuzzi, O. Donzelli.
Remodelling and overgrowth after conservative treatment for femoral and tibial shaft fractures in children.
Chir Organi Mov, 91 (2008), pp. 13-19
Copyright © 2011. Sociedad Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología (SECOT). All rights reserved
Descargar PDF
Opciones de artículo
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos