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Inicio Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología (English Edition) New Horizons in the Treatment of Lumbar Disc Disease
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Vol. 51. Núm. 5.
Páginas 296-306 (septiembre - octubre 2007)
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Vol. 51. Núm. 5.
Páginas 296-306 (septiembre - octubre 2007)
Review article
Acceso a texto completo
New Horizons in the Treatment of Lumbar Disc Disease
Nuevas perspectivas en el tratamiento de la enfermedad discal lumbar
Visitas
1588
M.A. Plasencia-Arriba
Autor para correspondencia
mplasencia.hupa@salud.madrid.org

Corresponding author: C/ Vicente Aleixandre, 10. 28220 Majadahonda. Madrid. Spain.
, C. Maestre-García
Department of Spine Surgery. Príncipe de Asturias University Hospital. Alcalá de Henares. Madrid. Spain
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Introduction

Lumbar pain secondary to disc degeneration constitutes one of the most formidable challenges currently facing orthopedic surgery. The purpose of this paper is to present a bibliographical review of the techniques used at present for treating disc-related lumbar pain in its different evolutional stages.

Review of the literature

There are several alternatives to conventional lumbar fusion for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration. Among the techniques reviewed we should mention the so-called optimized arthrodesis, which incorporates minimally invasive techniques, the use of navigation and biomaterials that promote lumbar fusion; disc prostheses and dynamic lumbar stabilization. For the disc's surgical treatment in the initial stages, the techniques of choice are: intrasdiscal annuloplasty, nucleus pulposus prostheses and several types of cell therapy. We weigh the pros and cons of the different techniques, of the designs and mechanisms of action of the various implants and the clinical results published in the last few years.

Conclusions

Spine surgeons can avail themselves of several possibilities when treating disc degeneration. Nonetheless, most of these are either not sufficiently developed or have not been the subject of high quality comparative clinical studies. In other cases, it is difficult to determine at what point in the evolution of the degeneration they should be used. It is necessary to acquire a higher degree of experience of the use of these techniques and to limit their indications by to stringent patient selection criteria.

Key words:
degenerative disc disease
biomaterials
lumbar fusion
disc prosthesis
cell therapy
Introducción

El dolor lumbar secundario a la degeneración del disco representa uno de los retos más importantes a los que se enfrenta la cirugía ortopédica actual. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una revisión bibliográfica de las actuales técnicas quirúrgicas utilizadas para el tratamiento del dolor lumbar de origen discal en sus distintas fases evolutivas.

Revisión de la bibliografía

Se presentan diferentes alternativas quirúrgicas a la fusión lumbar convencional para el tratamiento de la degeneración del disco intervertebral. Entre las técnicas evaluadas cabe destacar la denominada «artrodesis optimizada», que incorpora la cirugía mínimamente invasiva, el uso de navegadores y la utilización de biomateriales que favorezcan la fusión lumbar; la prótesis discal y la estabilización dinámica lumbar. Para el tratamiento quirúrgico del disco degenerado en su fase más inicial se analizan la anuloplastia intradiscal, las prótesis de núcleo pulposo y la terapia celular en sus distintas modalidades. Se revisan las ventajas e inconvenientes de las distintas técnicas, el diseño y mecanismo de acción propuesto para cada implante, y los resultados clínicos publicados durante los últimos años.

Conclusiones

Distintas posibilidades terapéuticas están al alcance de los cirujanos de columna para el tratamiento de la degeneración discal. No obstante, la mayoría de ellas no están suficientemente desarrolladas, se desconoce el momento más adecuado para su ejecución durante la evolución de la enfermedad o carecen de estudios clínicos comparativos de calidad. Debe alcanzarse un mayor nivel de experiencia con estas técnicas y limitar sus indicaciones a estrictos criterios de selección de pacientes.

Palabras clave:
enfermedad degenerativa discal
biomateriales
fusión lumbar
prótesis discal
terapia celular
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Copyright © 2007. Sociedad Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología (SECOT). All rights reserved
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