determinar la prevalencia del déficit de vitamina D en un grupo de ancianos con fractura de cadera en comparación con controles de similar edad, y analizar si presentan mayor riesgo de fractura. Secundariamente se estudia su potencial relación con la sospecha de osteomalacia «clínica y bioquímicamente probable».
Material y métodosestudio prospectivo y descriptivo de 68 ancianos no institucionalizados con independencia funcional previa, que ingresan por fractura de cadera. Se les realizan historia clínica, toma de muestra sanguínea de calcio, fósforo, 25-OH vitamina D, fosfatasa alcalina, parathormona y magnesio, y se comparan con un grupo control de ancianos sin fractura de cadera. A los pacientes que, clínica y bioquímicamente, presentaban datos compatibles con probable osteomalacia se les realizaba una prueba terapéutica con vitamina D durante 6 meses, con posterior control analítico similar al descrito. Estudio comparativo con un nivel de significación de p<0,05.
Resultadosel 60% de los ancianos con fractura de cadera presentaba déficit de vitamina D al ingreso frente a un 9,5% en el grupo control (p=0,004). Cinco pacientes presentaron probable osteomalacia; tras las pruebas terapéuticas 4 pacientes mejoraron su clínica y 3 normalizaron las concentraciones de fosfatasa alcalina.
Conclusionesel déficit de vitamina D es muy prevalente en la población anciana; en este estudio se asoció a fractura de cadera. La osteomalacia es una enfermedad curable que, pese a su baja prevalencia, debe sospecharse en estos casos.
to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in elderly individuals with hip fracture compared with a control group of similar age, and to analyze its association with the risk of fracture. A secondary aim was to determine the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and suspected osteomalacia based on clinical and biochemical evidence.
Material and methodswe performed a prospective descriptive study of 68 non-institutionalized elderly individuals with prior functional independence who were admitted to hospital with hip fracture. A clinical history was taken and blood samples for calcium, phosphorus, 25-OH vitamin D, alkaline phosphates, parathormone and magnesemia determinations were obtained. Patients with clinical and biochemical evidence compatible with osteomalacia underwent a therapeutic intervention consisting of vitamin D supplementation for 6 months and laboratory determinations similar to those described above were performed. A comparative study with a significance level of p<0.05.
Resultssixty percent of the elderly patients with hip fracture had vitamin D deficiency on admission to hospital versus 9.5% of the control group (p=0.004%). Five patients had probable osteomalacia. After the therapeutic intervention, symptoms improved in four patients and alkaline phosphate levels were normalized in three.
Conclusionsvitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in the elderly population and is associated with a higher risk of hip fracture. Osteomalacia is a curable disease which, despite its low prevalence, should be considered in these patients.