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Inicio Revista Iberoamericana de Fisioterapia y Kinesiología Programa de fisioterapia mejora a largo plazo las habilidades motoras en pacient...
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Vol. 11. Núm. 2.
Páginas 81-92 (diciembre 2008)
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Vol. 11. Núm. 2.
Páginas 81-92 (diciembre 2008)
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Programa de fisioterapia mejora a largo plazo las habilidades motoras en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson
Physical therapy program improves motor skills in the long term in patients with Parkinson's disease
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11726
Inés Gago Fernández, Jesús Seco Calvo
Autor para correspondencia
jesus.seco@unileon.es

Correspondencia: Dr. J. Seco Calvo. Departamento de Enfermería, y Fisioterapia.Universidad de León, (Campus de Ponferrada).
Escuela Universitaria de Ciencias, de la Salud. Universidad de León, (Campus de Ponferrada)
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Resumen

El objetivo es reflejar la influencia que tiene el tratamiento fisioterapéutico en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson (EP). Se evaluó a 19 pacientes aplicando la Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). La UPDRS es una escala multidimensional con 4 secciones: estado mental, comportamiento y estado de ánimo; actividades de la vida diaria; examen motor; complicaciones de la terapia. También se aplicó la escala Hoehn-Yahr modificada. Las complicaciones motoras de la EP sobre la capacidad física y funcional son notables.

Los resultados relativos al examen motor en la etapa preintervención y postintervención se presentan mediante regresión lineal, utilizando la herramienta informática SPSS versión 14.0. Las medidas de tendencia central de la puntuación global alcanzada en la etapa preintervención y postintervención son: en el estadio on la media ± desviación estándar pasa de 64,22±16,383 antes de la intervención fisioterapéutica a 50,89±19,499 tras la intervención; en el estadio off el valor de la media ± desviación estándar pasa de 85,78±12,549 a 75,78±17,745.

La reducción cuantitativa de fuerza muscular en la espalda, la cadera y el tobillo, con daño en la propiocepción y el sentido visual, y una menor base de apoyo, son las causas principales para la inestabilidad postural en los pacientes con EP. Observamos que, al incrementar hasta un rango de 7-12 el número de sesiones (grupos 3 y 4), las puntuaciones en la subescala motor son mayores, lo que indica que la rigidez de cuello, la postura, el equilibrio y la marcha mejoran, y esta mejoría es más duradera.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedad de Parkinson
Fisioterapia
Escala de valoración UPDRS
Abstract

The objective of this study is to examine the effect physical therapy on patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD).

Nineteen patients were evaluated with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). UPDRS is a multidimensional scale composed of four sections: 1) mental state, behavior and attitude; 2) daily activities; 3) motor examination; 4) therapeutic complications and modified Hoehn-Yahr scale. The motor complications caused by the PD have an important effect on physical and functional capacity.

The results relative to motor examination in the stage pre-intervention and post-intervention are shown with the linear regression, using SPSS software version 14.0®.

Measurements of central trend of the global punctuation reached in the pre-intervention and post-intervention stages are: in the on stage, the average goes from 64.22±16.383 before physical therapy intervention to 50.89±19.499 after the intervention; in the off stage, the value of the average goes from 85.78±12.549 to 75.78±17.745.

Quantitative reduction of muscular strength in the back, hips, ankles, with damage in propioception, visual sense and the lowest support base, are the main causes of instability in patients with Parkinson's Disease.

If the number of sessions (groups 3 and 4) are increased to a range of 7-12, the scores on the motor examination are higher. This indicates that neck stiffness, body posture, balance and gait improve, and this improvement is longer-lasting.

Key words:
Parkinson's disease
Physical therapy
Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale
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Copyright © 2008. Asociación Española de Fisioterapeutas
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