covid
Buscar en
Endocrinología y Nutrición
Toda la web
Inicio Endocrinología y Nutrición Managing hyponatremia in patients with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic ho...
Información de la revista
Vol. 57. Núm. S2.
Hiponatremia y síndrome de secreción inadecuada de ADH (SIADH)
Páginas 30-40 (mayo 2010)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 57. Núm. S2.
Hiponatremia y síndrome de secreción inadecuada de ADH (SIADH)
Páginas 30-40 (mayo 2010)
Acceso a texto completo
Managing hyponatremia in patients with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
Manejo de la hiponatremia en pacientes con síndrome de secreción inadecuada de hormona antidiurética
Visitas
6830
Joseph G. Verbalis
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen
Bibliografía
Descargar PDF
Estadísticas
Abstract

Disorders of sodium [Na+] and water metabolism are commonly encountered in the hospital setting due to the wide range of disease states that can disrupt the balanced control of water and solute intake and output. In particular, the prompt identification and appropriate management of abnormally low serum [Na+] is critical if we are to reduce the increased morbidity and mortality that accompany hyponatremia in hospitalized patients. Use of an algorithm that is based primarily on the symptomatology of hyponatremic patients, rather than the serum [Na+] or the chronicity of the hyponatremia, will help to choose the correct initial therapy in hospitalized hyponatremic patients. However, careful monitoring of serum [Na+] responses is required in all cases to adjust therapy appropriately in response to changing clinical conditions. Although this approach will enable efficacious and safe treatment of hyponatremic patients with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) at the present time, evolving knowledge of the consequences of chronic hyponatremia will likely alter treatment indications and guidelines in the future.

Keywords:
Hiponatremia
Arginina-vasopresina
Osmolalidad
Concentración sérica de sodio
Síndrome de secreción inadecuada de hormona antidiurética
Antagonistas del receptor de la vasopresina
Resumen

Los trastornos del metabolismo del sodio y el agua son habituales en el entorno hospitalario, debido a la amplia gama de estados de la enfermedad que pueden alterar el control equilibrado de la ingesta y salida de solutos y del agua. Concretamente, la identificación inmediata y el manejo adecuado de una concentración sérica de [Na+] anormalmente baja es crucial para reducir el aumento de la morbimortalidad que acompaña a la hiponatremia en los pacientes hospitalizados. El uso de un algoritmo que se basa principalmente en la sintomatología de los pacientes hiponatrémicos, en vez de en el [Na+] sérico o la cronicidad de la hiponatremia, ayudará a elegir el tratamiento correcto inicial para los pacientes hiponatrémicos hospitalizados. Sin embargo, en todos los casos, es preciso realizar una supervisión cuidadosa de la respuesta del [Na+] sérico para ajustar el tratamiento de forma adecuada, dependiendo de los cambios observados en las condiciones clínicas. Aunque en la actualidad este enfoque permitirá un tratamiento más eficaz y seguro de los pacientes hiponatrémicos con SIADH, la evolución del conocimiento sobre las consecuencias de la hiponatremia crónica, probablemente, alterará en el futuro las indicaciones y las directrices para el tratamiento.

Palabras clave:
Hyponatremia
Arginine vasopressin
Osmolality
Serum sodium concentration
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
Vasopressin receptor antagonists
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
References
[1.]
R.C. Hawkins.
Age and gender as risk factors for hyponatremia and hypernatremia.
Clin Chim Acta, 337 (2003), pp. 169-172
[2.]
A. Upadhyay, B.L. Jaber, NE. Madias.
Incidence and prevalence of hyponatremia.
Am J Med, 119 (2006), pp. S30-S35
[3.]
C. Terzian, E.B. Frye, Z.H. Piotrowski.
Admission hyponatremia in the elderly: factors influencing prognosis.
Journal of General Internal Medicine, 9 (1994), pp. 89-91
[4.]
S.L. Bennani, R. Abouqal, A.A. Zeggwagh, N. Madani, K. Abidi, A. Zekraoui, et al.
Incidence, causes and prognostic factors of hyponatremia in intensive care.
Rev Med Interne, 24 (2003), pp. 224-229
[5.]
H.M. Chung, R. Kluge, R.W. Schrier, R.J. Anderson.
Postoperative hyponatremia. A prospective study.
Arch Int Med, 146 (1986), pp. 333-336
[6.]
G.L. Robertson, P. Aycinena, R.L. Zerbe.
Neurogenic disorders of osmoregulation.
Am J Med, 72 (1982), pp. 339-353
[7.]
R. Zerbe, L. Stropes, G. Robertson.
Vasopressin function in the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis.
Annu Rev Med, 31 (1980), pp. 315-327
[8.]
V.L. Szatalowicz, P.E. Arnold, C. Chaimovitz, D. Bichet, T. Berl, R.W. Schrier.
Radioimmunoassay of plasma arginine vasopressin in hyponatremic patients with congestive heart failure.
N Eng J Med, 305 (1981), pp. 263-266
[9.]
C.L. Fraser, A.I. Arieff.
Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of hyponatremic encephalopathy.
Am J Med, 102 (1997), pp. 67-77
[10.]
J.C. Ayus, A.I. Arieff.
Pulmonary complications of hyponatremic encephalopathy. noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and hypercapnic respiratory failure [see comments].
Chest, 107 (1995), pp. 517-521
[11.]
S.R. Gullans, J.G. Verbalis.
Control of brain volume during hyperosmolar and hypoosmolar conditions.
Annu Rev Med, 44 (1993), pp. 289-301
[12.]
J.G. Verbalis, S.R. Gullans.
Hyponatremia causes large sustained reductions in brain content of multiple organic osmolytes in rats.
Brain Res, 567 (1991), pp. 274-282
[13.]
J.G. Verbalis, M.D. Drutarosky.
Adaptation to chronic hypoosmolality in rats.
Kidney Int, 34 (1988), pp. 351-360
[14.]
K.M. Chow, B.C. Kwan, C.C. Szeto.
Clinical studies of thiazideinduced hyponatremia.
J Natl Med Assoc, 96 (2004), pp. 1305-1308
[15.]
H.M. Chung, R. Kluge, R.W. Schrier, R.J. Anderson.
Clinical assessment of extracellular fluid volume in hyponatremia.
Am J Med, 83 (1987), pp. 905-908
[16.]
F.C. Bartter, W.B. Schwartz.
The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone.
Am J Med, 42 (1967), pp. 790-806
[17.]
J.G. Verbalis.
Hyponatremia and hypo-osmolar disorders.
Primer on Kidney Diseases, pp. 52-59
[18.]
M.F. Michelis, R.D. Fusco, R.W. Bragdon, B.B. Davis.
Reset of osmoreceptors in association with normovolemic hyponatremia.
Am J Med Sci, 267 (1974), pp. 267-273
[19.]
W. Oelkers.
Hyponatremia and inappropriate secretion of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) in patients with hypopituitarism.
N Eng J Med, 321 (1989), pp. 492-496
[20.]
J.G. Verbalis.
The Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and other hypoosmolar disorders.
Diseases of the kidney and urinary tract, pp. 2214-2248
[21.]
M. Kleinfeld, M. Casimir, S. Borra.
Hyponatremia as observed in a chronic disease facility.
J Amer Geriatrics Soc, 27 (1979), pp. 156-161
[22.]
M. Miller, J.E. Morley, L.Z. Rubenstein.
Hyponatremia in a nursing home population.
J Am Geriatr Soc, 43 (1995), pp. 1410-1413
[23.]
B. Hirshberg, A. Ben-Yehuda.
The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in the elderly.
Am J Med, 103 (1997), pp. 270-273
[24.]
J.C. Ayus, A.I. Arieff.
Chronic hyponatremic encephalopathy in postmenopausal women: association of therapies with morbidity and mortality [see comments].
JAMA, 281 (1999), pp. 2299-2304
[25.]
W.B. Schwartz, S. Bennett, S. Curelop, F.C. Bartter.
A syndrome of renal sodium loss and hyponatremia probably resulting from inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone.
Am J Med, 23 (1957), pp. 529-542
[26.]
A. Steele, M. Gowrishankar, S. Abrahamson, C.D. Mazer, R.D. Feldman, M.L. Halperin.
Postoperative hyponatremia despite near-isotonic saline infusion: a phenomenon of desalination [see comments].
Ann Intern Med, 126 (1997), pp. 20-25
[27.]
H.J. Adrogue, N.E. Madias.
Hyponatremia.
N Engl J Med, 342 (2000), pp. 1581-1589
[28.]
T. Hew-Butler, J.C. Ayus, C. Kipps, R.J. Maughan, S. Mettler, W.H. Meeuwisse, et al.
Statement of the Second International Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia Consensus Development Conference, New Zealand, 2007.
Clin J Sport Med, 18 (2008), pp. 111-121
[29.]
R.H. Sterns, J.D. Cappuccio, S.M. Silver, E.P. Cohen.
Neurologic sequelae after treatment of severe hyponatremia: a multicenter perspective.
J Am Soc Nephrol, 4 (1994), pp. 1522-1530
[30.]
C. Battison, P.J. Andrews, C. Graham, T. Petty.
Randomized, controlled trial on the effect of a 20 % mannitol solution and a 7.5 % saline/6 % dextran solution on increased intracranial pressure after brain injury.
Crit Care Med, 33 (2005), pp. 196-202
[31.]
R.H. Sterns, J.E. Riggs, S.S. Schochet Jr.
Osmotic demyelination syndrome following correction of hyponatremia.
N Eng J Med, 314 (1986), pp. 1535-1542
[32.]
G.L. Robertson.
Regulation of arginine vasopressin in the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis.
Am J Med, 119 (2006), pp. S36-S42
[33.]
G. Decaux.
The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).
Semin Nephrol, 29 (2009), pp. 239-256
[34.]
I. Singer, D. Rotenberg.
Demeclocycline-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. In-vivo and in-vitro studies.
Ann Intern Med, 79 (1973), pp. 679-683
[35.]
S. Ishikawa, N. Fujita, G. Fujisawa, Y. Tsuboi, N. Sakuma, K. Okada, et al.
Involvement of arginine vasopressin and renal sodium handling in pathogenesis of hyponatremia in elderly patients.
Endocr J, 43 (1996), pp. 101-108
[36.]
G. Decaux, F. Genette.
Urea for long-term treatment of syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone.
Brit Med J Clin Res, 283 (1981), pp. 1081-1083
[37.]
A. Greenberg, J.G. Verbalis.
Vasopressin receptor antagonists.
Kidney Int, 69 (2006), pp. 2124-2130
[38.]
A. Ohnishi, Y. Orita, R. Okahara, H. Fujihara, T. Inoue, Y. Yamamura, et al.
Potent aquaretic agent. A novel nonpeptide selective vasopressin 2 antagonist (OPC-31260) in men.
J Clin Invest, 92 (1993), pp. 2653-2659
[39.]
D. Zeltser, S. Rosansky, H. Van Rensburg, J.G. Verbalis, N. Smith.
Assessment of the efficacy and safety of intravenous conivaptan in euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia.
Am J Nephrol, 27 (2007), pp. 447-457
[40.]
R.W. Schrier, P. Gross, M. Gheorghiade, T. Berl, J.G. Verbalis, F.S. Czerwiec, et al.
Tolvaptan, a selective oral vasopressin V2-receptor antagonist, for hyponatremia.
N Engl J Med, 355 (2006), pp. 2099-2112
[41.]
Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. Samsca (tolvaptan) prescribing information. 2009. Ref Type: Pamphlet.
[42.]
J.G. Verbalis, S.R. Goldsmith, A. Greenberg, R.W. Schrier, R.H. Sterns.
Hyponatremia treatment guidelines 2007: expert panel recommendations.
Am J Med, 120 (2007), pp. S1-S21
[43.]
D.H. Ellison, T. Berl.
Clinical practice. The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis.
N Engl J Med, 356 (2007), pp. 2064-2072
[44.]
R.H. Sterns, S.U. Nigwekar, J.K. Hix.
The treatment of hyponatremia.
Semin Nephrol, 29 (2009), pp. 282-299
[45.]
T. Berl, F. Quittnat-Pelletier, J.G. Verbalis, R.W. Schrier, D.G. Bichet, J. Ouyang, et al.
Oral tolvaptan is safe and effective in chronic hyponatremia.
J Am Soc Nephrol, 21 (2010), pp. 705-712
[46.]
B. Renneboog, W. Musch, X. Vandemergel, M.U. Manto, G. Decaux.
Mild chronic hyponatremia is associated with falls, unsteadiness, and attention deficits.
[47.]
K.F. Gankam, C. Andres, L. Sattar, C. Melot, G. Decaux.
Mild hyponatremia and risk of fracture in the ambulatory elderly.
QJM, 101 (2008), pp. 583-588
[48.]
H.S. Sandhu, E. Gilles, M.V. DeVita, G. Panagopoulos, M.F. Michelis.
Hyponatremia associated with large-bone fracture in elderly patients.
Int Urol Nephrol, 41 (2009), pp. 733-737
[49.]
S. Kinsella, S. Moran, M.O. Sullivan, M.G. Molloy, J.A. Eustace.
Hyponatremia independent of osteoporosis is associated with fracture occurrence.
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 5 (2010), pp. 275-280
[50.]
J.G. Verbalis, J. Barsony, Y. Sugimura, Y. Tian, D.J. Adams, E.A. Carter, et al.
Hyponatremia-Induced Osteoporosis.
Copyright © 2010. Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición
Opciones de artículo
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos