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Journal Information
Vol. 73. Issue 5.
Pages 292-298 (September - October 2022)
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Vol. 73. Issue 5.
Pages 292-298 (September - October 2022)
Original article
Endoscopic aspects and associated factors in paradoxical vocal fold movement
Aspectos endoscópicos y factores asociados en el movimiento paradójico de las cuerdas vocales
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Bianca Fidelix Espindulaa, Evelise Limaa,
Corresponding author
eveliselima53@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Ascédio Jose Rodriguesb, Alberto Cukierc
a Heart Institute, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
b Respiratory Endoscopy Service, Heart Institute, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
c Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
Introduction

Paradoxical vocal fold movement (PVFM) is a respiratory disorder related to inadequate movement of vocal folds during inspiration or expiration. Its epidemiology and pathogenesis are unknown. The present study describes the standardization of the examination performed in our service and the main endoscopic changes found, evaluating the prevalence of PVFM in patients with suggestive symptoms and describing the association of PVFM with asthma and other diseases.

Materials and methods

Retrospective observational study of a series of cases over a 13-year period – adult patients referred for outpatient bronchoscopy due to suspected PVFM.

Results

We analyzed 1131 laryngoscopies performed on patients referred for suspicion of PVFM from May 2006 to June 2019. Of these, 368 cases were excluded from the study. A total of 255 patients (33%) had a confirmed diagnosis of PVFM, 224 women (88%). The most frequent comorbidities found were asthma (62%), rhinitis (45%), gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (45%), obesity (24%), and psychiatric disorders (19%). Among the endoscopic findings concomitant with the diagnosis of PVDM, we highlight posterior laryngitis (71%), diseases of the nasal septum (18%), nasal polyps (7%).

Discussion

Female sex is more affected. There are several associations with other diseases, the main one being asthma, followed by rhinitis and psychiatric disorders. Obesity appears as a comorbidity in 24% of patients, as does sleep apnoea in 13%. Posterior laryngitis was the most common endoscopic finding. PVFM is an underdiagnosed disease, little known as it is a rare entity that still needs prospective studies. Exam standardization is important.

Keywords:
Paradoxical vocal fold movement
Vocal cord dysfunction
Asthma
Rhinitis
Gastroesophageal reflux
Resumen
Introducción

El movimiento paradójico de las cuerdas vocales (MPCV) es un trastorno respiratorio relacionado con el movimiento inadecuado de las cuerdas vocales durante la inspiración o la espiración. Se desconocen su epidemiología y su patogenia. El presente estudio describe la estandarización de la exploración realizada en nuestro departamento y los principales cambios endoscópicos encontrados al evaluar la prevalencia de MPCV en pacientes con síntomas indicativos, y describe la asociación entre MPCV y el asma y otras enfermedades.

Materiales y métodos

Estudio retrospectivo observacional de una serie de casos, a lo largo de un periodo de 13años, de pacientes adultos remitidos para broncoscopia ambulatoria debido a sospecha de MPCV.

Resultados

Analizamos 1.131 laringoscopias practicadas en pacientes por sospecha de MPCV desde mayo de 2006 a junio de 2019. De ellas se excluyeron 368 casos del estudio. En 255 pacientes (33%) se confirmó el diagnóstico de MPCV; de ellos, 224 eran mujeres (88%). Las comorbilidades más frecuentemente encontradas fueron: asma (62%), rinitis (45%), reflujo gastroesofágico (45%), obesidad (24%) y trastornos psiquiátricos (19%). Entre los hallazgos endoscópicos concomitantes al diagnóstico de MPCV destacamos laringitis posterior (71%), enfermedades relacionadas con la nariz (18%) y pólipos nasales (7%).

Discusión

El sexo femenino es el más afectado. Existen diversas asociaciones con otras enfermedades, siendo el asma la más destacada, seguida de rinitis y trastornos psiquiátricos. La obesidad aparece como comorbilidad en el 24% de los pacientes, y la apnea del sueño, en el 13%. La laringitis posterior fue el hallazgo endoscópico más común. El MPCV es una enfermedad infradiagnosticada, poco conocida, y al ser una entidad rara sigue necesitando estudios prospectivos, siendo importante la estandarización de la exploración.

Palabras clave:
Movimiento paradójico de las cuerdas vocales
Disfunción de las cuerdas vocales
Asma
Rinitis
Reflujo gastroesofágico

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