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Journal Information
Vol. 58. Issue S1.
Cirugía endoscópica avanzada de base de cráneo y espacios paranasales
Pages 84-95 (October 2007)
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Vol. 58. Issue S1.
Cirugía endoscópica avanzada de base de cráneo y espacios paranasales
Pages 84-95 (October 2007)
Angiofibroma juvenil
Juvenile Angiofibroma
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21437
Manuel Bernal-Sprekelsena, Isam Alobida, José-María Guilemanya
a Servicio de Otorrinolaringología. Hospital Clínic. Barcelona. España.
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El angiofibroma juvenil (AJ) es un tumor benigno de la edad infantil y el sexo masculino. En las publicaciones recientes se relacionan los AJ con cambios genéticos y algunos estudios apuntan a que se trata de una malformación vascular. Su crecimiento es por expansión local lentamente progresiva; se inicia en la zona del basiesfenoides y el foramen esfenopalatino, y puede llegar a la fosa infratemporal, el seno cavernoso y el endocráneo. Su aporte vascular procede mayormente de la arteria maxilar. La clínica es anodina, de obstrucción nasal y epistaxis de repetición. La tomografía computarizada y la resonancia magnética (RM) son necesarias para estudiar la extensión y planificar el abordaje quirúrgico, la RM es imprescindible para el seguimiento. Respecto al abordaje quirúrgico hubo un cambio de paradigma en la última década: se considera subsidiario de cirugía endoscópica en los estadios I y II de Fisch, para algunos autores, incluso en el IIIA. La tasa de recidivas es más favorable que la observada con abordajes externos. Con ello se ha reducido considerablemente la morbilidad relacionada con los abordajes externos, que se reservan para extensiones mayores. La cirugía se ha visto facilitada por la embolización previa de la tumoración, capaz de reducir el sangrado intraoperatorio. Las tasas de recidivas/persistencias no se han visto incrementadas por la cirugía endoscópica. El artículo presenta una visión general de los angiofibromas y se discute los resultados propios y ajenos de la cirugía endoscópica.
Palabras clave:
Angiofibroma juvenil
Epistaxis recidivante
Cirugía endoscópica
Tumor benigno de cavum
Degloving centrofacial
Juvenile angiofibroma (JA) is a benign tumor associated with young males. Recent studies have associated JA with genetic changes, while others suggest that this entity is a vascular malformation. These tumors grow through slowly progressive local extension, starting at the basisphenoid and the sphenopalatine foramen. Invasion into the infratemporal fossa, the cavernous sinus or intracranial region may occur. The vascular supply comes mainly from the internal maxillary artery. There are no typical symptoms; however, unilateral nasal obstruction and recurrent epistaxis are present. Computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are required to assess tumoral extension and to plan the surgical approach. MRI is mandatory to assess tumoral recurrence during follow-up. In the last decade a change in the surgical paradigm has taken place. Most authors now consider Fisch stages I and II to be removable by the endoscopic approach and some authors even use this approach with type IIIA tumors. The recurrence rate is lower with the endoscopic approach than with external approaches. Thus, the high morbidity associated with external approaches has been considerably reduced, and these approaches are now reserved for extensive JA. Preoperative embolization diminishes intraoperative bleeding, enabling piecemeal resection. Rates of recurrence or persistence have not been increased by endoscopic procedures. The present article provides an overview of JA and discusses our own results with endoscopic approaches, as well as those of other authors.
Keywords:
Juvenile angiofibroma
Recurrent epistaxis
Endoscopic surgery
Benign tumors of the nasopharynx
Midfacial degloving

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