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Inicio Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española Risk groups in differentiated thyroid carcinomas
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Vol. 62. Issue 1.
Pages 14-19 (January 2011)
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Vol. 62. Issue 1.
Pages 14-19 (January 2011)
Original article
Risk groups in differentiated thyroid carcinomas
Grupos de riesgo en carcicomas diferenciados de tiroides
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Jesús Herránz González-Botas
Corresponding author
, Carlos Vázquez Barro, José Martínez Vidal
Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitarios de A Coruña, La Coruña, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

Well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma represents 80% of all thyroid malignant tumours, with a survival rate of over 95% at 20 years in 80% of the cases. Although its incidence is increasing, survival remains unchanged. Prognostic factor evaluation allows identifying patients at high or low risk of recurrence, selecting those who will benefit from more aggressive therapy.

Material

We have reviewed the incidence of malignant thyroid neoplasm, selecting them according to three different system definitions (TNM, GAMES, MACIS), as well as by post-surgical complication rate.

Results

Malignant neoplasm represents 28.8% of the thyroid-operated patients, 88% corresponding to well-differentiated carcinomas. 80% are in the low risk group, with similar numbers in all three staging system definitions. Multicentricity was found in 16%, with 50% of the lesions smaller than 2 cm. Permanent recurrent nerve palsy was 1.2% and 2.7% presented permanent postoperative hypocalcaemia.

Conclusions

Risk group percentage is similar to that reported in the literature, with 80% having expected survival over 95% at 20 years. Risk factor evaluation should help to individualise treatment options, avoiding overtreatment and complications in patients that will not benefit from more aggressive therapy.

Keywords:
Thyroid cancer
Differentiated thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma
Follicular carcinoma
Resumen
Introducción

El 80% de los carcinomas de tiroides corresponden a tumores diferenciados y la supervivencia causa específica a más de 20 años es superior al 90%. A pesar de su incremento en los últimos años, la supervivencia se mantiene estable. La evaluación de los factores pronósticos y de riesgo ha demostrado su utilidad en la selección de los tratamientos más adecuados a cada paciente.

Material

Hemos analizado la incidencia de carcinomas de tiroides, agrupándolos según diferentes tipos de criterios (TNM, GAMES, MACIS) comparándolos con los índices referidos en la literatura. Analizamos así mismo el índice de complicaciones.

Resultados

La incidencia de tumores malignos en la población operada de tiroides es del 28,8%, siendo el 88% carcinomas bien diferenciados. El 80% corresponde a grupos de bajo riesgo, equivalentes en los tres sistemas de estratificación. El 16% eran multifocales, y en el 50% la lesión mayor medía menos de 2 cm. El índice de parálisis recurrencial definitiva fue del 1,2%, y de 2,7% el de hipoparatiroidismo definitivo.

Conclusiones

La incidencia de grupos de riesgo de nuestra serie es similar a la de la literatura. El 80% de los pacientes tienen una expectativa de vida superior al 95% a 20 años. La evaluación de los criterios de riesgo debería determinar la amplitud de la resección, reduciendo el riesgo de complicaciones en aquellos pacientes que no se beneficien de una cirugía más agresiva.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer de tiroides
Carcinomas diferenciados de tiroides
Carcinoma papilar
Carcinoma folicular

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