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Inicio Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in obese patients candidates for bariatric...
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Original article
Available online 1 July 2024
Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in obese patients candidates for bariatric surgery and predictive questionnaires
Prevalencia de apnea obstructiva del sueño en pacientes obesos candidatos a cirugía bariátrica y cuestionarios predictores
Silvia Matarredona Quilesa,
Corresponding author
matarredona_sil@gva.es

Corresponding author.
, Marina Carrasco Llatasa, Paula Martínez Ruíz de Apodacaa, Jose Ángel Díez Aresb, Sergio Navarro Martínezb, José Dalmau Galofrea
a Deparment of Otolaryngology, head and neck surgery, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
b Department of geneal and digestive surgery, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
Received 11 February 2024. Accepted 09 May 2024
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Tables (3)
Table 1. Characteristics of the three sleep questionnaires.
Table 2. Cardiorespiratory sleep polygraph results (n = 124).
Table 3. Association between moderate-severe OSA and sleep questionnaires: Chi2 and simple binary logistic regression model.
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Abstract
Introduction and objectives

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent condition among electable to bariatric surgery obese patients, often remaining underdiagnosed, thereby increasing surgical risk. The main purpose was to determine prevalence of OSA among candidates for bariatric surgery and to assess the rate of underdiagnosis of this condition. Additionally, the study aimed to evaluate the specific performance of three sleep questionnaires and scales (Excessive Daytime Sleepiness Scale (EDSS), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and STOP-Bang) in these patients.

Methods

A longitudinal, prospective, single-cohort study, with consecutive sampling including patients aged 18–65 years with obesity grade II (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m2) and hypertension, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome or OSA or obesity grade III or IV (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) elective for bariatric surgery. Patients were evaluated at the Otorhinolaryngology department with an anamnesis regarding OSA including the administration of three sleep questionnaires (EDSS, ESS, and STOP-Bang), followed by cardiorespiratory polygraphy (CRP) for sleep evaluation.

Results

124 patients were included in this study. While 74.2% of the sample exhibited OSA on CRP, only 28.2% had a prior diagnosis. The STOP-Bang questionnaire demonstrated the highest sensitivity (93.3%) for detecting moderate to severe OSA, although with low specificity (33.8%). EDSS and ESS did not show a significant association with the presence of OSA.

Conclusions

OSA screening is crucial in candidates for bariatric surgery due to its high prevalence and low diagnosis rate. The STOP-Bang questionnaire may serve as a useful tool for identifying patients at risk of moderate to severe OSA and optimizing sleep assessments. However, further research is necessary to validate its utility in this specific population.

Keywords:
Obstructive sleep apnea
Bariatric surgery
Morbid obesity
Sleep questionnaires
Abbreviations:
AHI
AUC
BMI
CRP
EDSS
ESS
HTN
NPV
n-d
OSA
ODI
SatO2
PSG
PPV
RYGB
CT90%
T2DM
VG
Resumen
Introducción y objetivos

La apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS) es una enfermedad con elevada prevalencia en pacientes obesos candidatos a cirugía bariátrica que muchas veces está infradiagnosticada aumentando el riesgo de la cirugía. El objetivo principal fue determinar la prevalencia real de AOS en candidatos a cirugía bariátrica, y valorar la tasa de infradiagnóstico de esta enfermedad. Secundariamente se pretendía evaluar el rendimiento específico de tres cuestionarios y escalas de sueño (Escala de excesiva somnolencia diurna (EESD), escala de somnolencia de Epworth (EES) y STOP-Bang) en este grupo de pacientes.

Métodos

Estudio longitudinal, prospectivo, de cohorte única, con muestreo consecutivo incluyendo a pacientes de entre 18 y 65 años con obesidad grado II (IMC ≥ 35 kg/m2) con hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, síndrome metabólico o AOS u obesidad grado III o IV (IMC ≥ 40 kg/m2) que iban a ser intervenidos de cirugía bariátrica. Los pacientes candidatos a cirugía bariátrica fueron valorados en el Servicio de Otorrinolaringología mediante una anamnesis exhaustiva para la AOS incluyendo tres cuestionarios de sueño (EESD, EES y STOP-Bang) y a todos se les realizó una poligrafía cardiorrespiratoria (PGCR) del sueño.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 124 pacientes en el estudio. El 74,2% de la muestra tenía AOS en la PGCR pero sólo el 28,2% estaba diagnosticado previamente. El cuestionario STOP-Bang es el que mostró mayor sensibilidad (93,3%) para la detección de AOS moderada-severa, pero con una baja especificidad (33,8%). La EESD y la EES no mostraron asociación significativa con la presencia de AOS.

Conclusiones

El screening de AOS es importante en pacientes candidatos a cirugía bariátrica por su alta prevalencia y bajo diagnóstico. El cuestionario STOP-Bang puede ser una herramienta útil para identificar a los pacientes con riesgo de AOS moderada-grave y optimizar las pruebas de sueño. Sin embargo, se requieren más investigaciones para validar su uso en esta población específica.

Palabras clave:
Apnea obstructiva del sueño
Cirugía bariátrica
Obesidad mórbida
Cuestionarios de sueño

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