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Vol. 60. Issue 6.
Pages 432-442 (January 2009)
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Vol. 60. Issue 6.
Pages 432-442 (January 2009)
Audiovestibular manifestations in systemic vasculitis
Manifestaciones audiovestibulares en las vasculitis sistémicas
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Juan Carlos Amor Doradoa,
Corresponding author
, María del Pilar Barreira Fernándeza, Sandra Regueiro Villarina, Miguel Ángel González-Gayb
a Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Complexo Hospitalario Xeral-Calde, Lugo, Spain
b Servicio de Reumatología, Complexo Hospitalario Xeral-Calde, Lugo, Spain
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Abstract

Systemic vasculities constitute a heterogeneous group of diseases with frequent overlapping in their clinical findings and the size of the vessels involved. They may be primary or secondary to other diseases. Their common characteristic is the inflammation of blood vessels, giving rise to ischaemia. In the present article, we have reviewed the most common audiovestibular features that may be observed in patients with systemic vasculitides. Audiovestibular manifestations may be the first symptom of a systemic vasculitis. Audiological manifestations include sudden hearing loss and progressive sensorineural hearing loss. Vertigo and nystagmus are vestibular symptoms that may be observed in several systemic vasculitides. Vestibular loss in caloric test, abnormal head-shaking nystagmus, head thrust test, and positioning test (benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo) may also be found. Improvement of audiovestibular function is frequently observed in patients with giant cell arteritis following corticosteroid therapy.

Keywords:
Systemic vasculitis
Audiovestibular manifestations
Hearing loss
Vertigo
Resumen

Las vasculitis sistémicas son un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades con solapamiento de las manifestaciones clínicas y el tamaño de los vasos afectados. Su etiología puede ser primaria o secundaria. La característica con es la inflamación de los vasos sanguíneos que causa los fenómenos isquémicos. En esta revisión se lleva a cabo una descripción de las vasculitis y sus manifestaciones audiovestibulares conocidas hasta la fecha. La clínica audiovestibular puede ser la primera manifestación de una vasculitis sistémica. Entre las manifestaciones auditivas predomina la hipoacusia súbita y la neurosensorial progresiva, mientras que entre las vestibulares predominan vértigo y nistagmo. En la exploración vestibular destacan la hipofunción vestibular en la prueba calórica, las alteraciones en las pruebas de agitación cefálica, oculocefálica y posicionales (vértigo posicional paroxístico benigno). El tratamiento con esteroides suele obtener mejoría de los síntomas y la disfunción audiovestibular en la mayoría de los pacientes con arteritis de células gigantes.

Palabras clave:
Vasculitis sistémica
Manifestaciones audiovestibulares
Hipoacusia
Vértigo

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