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Journal Information
Vol. 59. Issue 2.
Pages 70-75 (January 2008)
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Vol. 59. Issue 2.
Pages 70-75 (January 2008)
Auditory Threshold in Professional Divers Not Exposed to Noise
Umbral auditivo en buzos profesionales no expuestos a ruido
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Jesús Herranz González-Botasa,
Corresponding author
jhg@canalejo.org

Correspondence: Urbanización Lamastelle. Rua Courel, 6. 15179 Oleiros. A Coruña. España.
, Salvador Fojón Polancob, María Soledad López Facalc, Carmen Fernández Casabellad, Mónica García Casásb
a Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Complejo Hospitalario Juan Canalejo, A Coruña, Spain
b Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Complejo Hospitalario Juan Canalejo, A Coruña, Spain
c Servicio de Neurología, Complejo Hospitalario Juan Canalejo, A Coruña, Spain
d Servicio de Radiología, Complejo Hospitalario Juan Canalejo, A Coruña, Spain
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Objectives

Otologic and audiometric evaluation of professional divers without noise exposure has been carried out to analyze the repercussions of this activity on their hearing.

Material and method

A total of 233 professional divers, working in a no noise environment, with an average experience of 9.6 years and 2074 lifetime dives, in a working depth between 10m and 27m, average 4.6hours underwater were evaluated. This atypical population of divers did not follow any decompression schedule and engaged in diving in a purely empirical and intuitive fashion.

Results

Eighty-nine point two per cent presented symptoms of decompression sickness (DCS). Only 19.7% presented a mean hearing threshold below 20 dB while 73.5% had a mild hearing loss. Significant differences (P<.0001) were found in hearing thresholds at 3, 4, and 6kHz when hearing thresholds were grouped by years of experience and diver's age. No such increase was found when the sample was grouped by DCS symptoms, vestibular symptoms, number of dives, or patent foramen ovale.

Conclusions

The presence of high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss in professional divers is related to their age and experience, even without a noisy working environment.

Key words:
Diving
Adverse effects
Hearing loss
High frequency
Occupational illnesses
Objetivos

Hemos realizado una revisión otoscópica y audiométrica de buceadores profesionales no expuestos a ruido, para evaluar la repercusión que esta actividad laboral tiene en la audición.

Material y método

Se analizó a 233 buceadores profesionales, con una experiencia promedio de 9,6 años y 2.074 inmersiones, que trabajan a profundidades de entre 10 y 27m y una media diaria de 4,6h de fondo. Se trata de una población atípica que bucea de forma intuitiva y empírica sin realizar paradas de descompresión regladas.

Resultados

El 89,2% presentó síntomas de enfermedad por descompresión. Sólo el 19,7% presentaba un umbral medio de audición por debajo de los 20 dB y el 73,5% presentaba una hipoacusia leve. Se encontró un significativo incremento del umbral auditivo en 3, 4 y 6kHz al agrupar por años de experiencia y edad (p<0,0001). No se observó este incremento al agrupar la muestra según tuvieran foramen oval permeable (FOP), síntomas de enfermedad por descompresión ni clínica vestibular o número de inmersiones.

Conclusiones

La hipoacusia neurosensorial en frecuencias agudas en buceadores profesionales está relacionada con la edad y los años de profesión, incluso en ausencia de un medio laboral ruidoso.

Palabras clave:
Buceo
Efectos adversos
Hipoacusia
Alta frecuencia
Enfermedades profesionales

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