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Vol. 59. Issue 8.
Pages 367-370 (January 2008)
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Vol. 59. Issue 8.
Pages 367-370 (January 2008)
Risk Factors for Developing Laryngeal Cancer in Adult Population at the Hospital Español in Mexico City
Factores de riesgo de desarrollo de cáncer de laringe en la población adulta del Hospital Español de México
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Luz María Durán de Alba
, Francisco Miguel Roa Castro
Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Ángeles Lomas, México DF, Mexico
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Introduction

Laryngeal cancer is the most frequent head and neck cancer. Considerable geographic differences exist in its incidence by gender. In Spain, there is male predominance (>90%). Numerous authors have documented exposure to tobacco and/or alcohol as the main risk factors for laryngeal cancer. Gastroesophageal reflux, genetics, occupational factors, and also human papilloma virus are also cited.

Patients and method

The present study involved 43 patients diagnosed with laryngeal cancer and 130 healthy control subjects. The goal was to establish the frequency affecting both sexes and to identify the risk factors of those born in Spain but living in Mexico. Odds ratios (OR) for each risk factor were analyzed using univariate analysis.

Results

A considerable predominance of laryngeal cancer was found in males (90.6%). Tobacco (OR=6.56) and alcohol consumption (OR=3.04) are significant risk factors with a multiplier effect. Gastroesophageal reflux does not show any significant OR. Occupational exposure had a significant OR=37.28.

Conclusions

The main advantage of this type of studies is the ability to design strategies to modify the risk factors. Male predominance and risk factors were no different from other findings reported in Spain, except for the considerable risk relating to occupational exposure.

Key words:
Cancer
Laryngeal cancer
Risk factors
Introducción

De los diversos tipos de cáncer de cabeza y cuello, el cáncer de laringe es el más frecuente. El patrón geográfico de su incidencia difiere en uno y otro sexo. En España, predomina en varones (>90%). Numerosos autores documentan que los principales factores de riesgo de cáncer de laringe son la exposición al tabaco y/o el alcohol. También se señala al reflujo gastroesofágico, factores genéticos, factores ocupacionales y el virus del papiloma humano.

Pacientes y método

Se realiza un estudio en 43 pacientes con cáncer de laringe y 130 controles sanos, teniendo como objetivo conocer la frecuencia de afección en cada sexo e identificar los factores de riesgo en pacientes con cáncer de laringe nacidos en España y residentes en México. Se analiza la razón de momios (OR) de manera univariable para cada uno.

Resultados

Se encuentra un predominio importante de cáncer de laringe en varones (90,6%). El tabaquismo (OR = 6,56) y el alcoholismo (OR = 3,04) son importantes factores de riesgo, con un efecto multiplicativo. La enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico no demostró tener una OR significativa. Se evidencia un riesgo significativo (OR = 37,28) por exposición ocupacional.

Conclusiones

La ventaja evidente de este tipo de estudios consiste en que permite diseñar estrategias para incidir en los factores de riesgo. El predominio de afección en varones y los factores de riesgo no difieren de lo publicado de pacientes en España, con excepción del importante riesgo de la exposición ocupacional.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer
Laringe
Factores de riesgo

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