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Vol. 33. Issue 6.
Pages 703-705 (January 2009)
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Vol. 33. Issue 6.
Pages 703-705 (January 2009)
Ascitis quilosa después de nefrectomía radical laparoscópica. Tratamiento conservador sin paracentesis
Chylous ascites following radical nephrectomy. Conservative Management whithout paracentese
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Luis A. Fariña1
Corresponding author
luisfarina@yahoo.com

Correspondencia autor: Dr. Luis A. Fariña Pérez Servicio de Urologia. Hospital Povisa Salamanca, 5, 36211 Vigo, Pontevedra Tel.: 986 413 144
, María Concepción Martínez
1 Servicios de Urología y Radiología. Hospital Povisa. Vigo, Pontevedra, España
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Resumen
Introducción

La ascitis quilosa es una complicación rara después de diferentes intervenciones abdominales y retroperitoneales. Aunque suele desaparecer con medidas conservadoras, puede ser necesaria una reintervención para sellar los vasos linfáticos que permanecen abiertos en el lecho operatorio.

Caso clínico

Una mujer de 60 años fue intervenida de nefrectomia radical laparoscópica izquierda de un tumor de 9,5 x 7,5 cm, estadio pT2 pN0. En la intervención se hizo una disección cuidadosa del hilio, se ligaron o coagularon algunos gruesos vasos linfáticos peritumorales y se clipó el uréter distal. Unos dias después del alta, consulta por aumento del perimetro abdominal y en los estudios de imagen se encuentra ascitis quilosa difusa. Fue tratada de manera conservadora, sin realizar paracentesis diagnóstica o evacuadora, con dieta baja en sal y lípidos, y espironolactona, con curación completa en el plazo de un mes.

Comentario

Un tratamiento conservador con diuréticos, dieta baja en lípidos y eventualmente con paracentesis debe ser la primera opción de tratamiento de las ascitis quilosa después de nefrectomia. En los últimos años se han descrito técnicas laparoscópicas para resolver una ascitis quilosa de forma poco invasiva, aunque no exenta de dificultad, tratándose de una re-intervención.

Palabras clave:
Ascitis quilosa
Laparoscopia
Cáncer renal
Abstract
Introduction

Chylous ascites is a rare complication after a number of abdominal and retroperitoneal surgeries. Althought conservative treatment may be curative, a reoperation to sell out the open megalymphatics in the operative field may be needed.

Patient and method

A 60 year-old woman was treated with a laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for a 9.5x7.5 cm, pT2 pN0 tumor. A carefull dissection of the renal hilium was performed, distal ureter was clipped and several gross peritumoral lymphatic vessels were clipped or coagulated, with no inmediate complications. Several days after being discharged home, she complained of increased abdominal perimeter and on image studies a difuse chylous ascitis was found. She was treated in a conservative way, with no diagnostic or palliative paracentesis, low salt and lipids diet, and espironolactone, with complete cure in a month. After six months of follow-up, no simptoms nor CT- signs of ascites or tumor recurred.

Comment

A conservative treatment, with diuretics, low lipids and salt diet, and eventually repeated paracentesis should be the first options for chylous ascites after nephrectomy. In the last years, several laparoscopic techniques had been described to treat chylous ascites in a low invasive way, but the intrinsic difficulties of such a re-operation much be considered.

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