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Inicio Actas Urológicas Españolas Tumores renales de la infancia y adolescencia asociados a anomalías cromosómic...
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Vol. 31. Issue 9.
Pages 966-977 (January 2007)
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Vol. 31. Issue 9.
Pages 966-977 (January 2007)
Tumores renales de la infancia y adolescencia asociados a anomalías cromosómicas
Renal tumors of childhood and adolescence associated with chromosomal anomalies
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1841
M.M. Cajaiba, M. Reyes-Múgica1
Corresponding author
miguel.reyes@yale.edu

Correspondencia autor: Dr. M.Reyes Múgica Program of Pediatric and Development Pathology Yale University School of Medicine 430 Congress Avenue. New Haven, CT 06520-8023 Tel.: (203) 737-5097
Program of Pediatric and Developmental Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine. New Haven, USA.
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Resumen

El riñón pediátrico es sitio frecuente de tumores que exhiben alteraciones cromosómicas características. El más común es el nefroblastoma o tumor de Wilms (TW) que se asocia con dos loci: 11p13 (WT1) y 11p15 (WT2 ó BWS), este último ligado también del síndrome de Beckwith-Wiedemann. Otros dos genes que parecen estar implicados son WT3 y WT4; además, dos anomalías específicas (adquisición 1q y deleción 22) se han correlacionado de manera independiente con un peor pronóstico en TW. Otras neoplasias con rearreglos cromosómicos, tales como los carcinomas renales (CRs), son mucho menos frecuentes en niños (entre el 1.8 y el 6.3% de todos los tumores renales malignos). Entre estos, se han identificado “CRs con translocación” que afectan el locus Xp11, siendo los dos tipos más importantes t(X;1), y t(X;17). El nefroma mesoblástico congénito (NMC) es un tumor renal de recién nacidos y lactantes. Los NMCs de la variedad celular se caracterizan por una translocación específica t(12;15)(p13;q25), misma que se encuentra también en los fibrosarcomas congénitos extrarenales, y que permite establecer una correspondencia genética entre estos dos tumores (NMC y fibrosarcoma congénito). Los tumores rabdoides (TR) del riñón son neoplasias muy infrecuentes y muy agresivas, que aparecen con una edad promedio de 11 meses. Al menos 50% de los TRs muestran anormalidades en el gen hSNF5/INI1, situado en el locus 22q11.2. Este gen probablemente está involucrado en la modulación transcripcional de otros genes, tales como el oncogen c-Myc, y de la vía de transducción de la proteína RB-retinoblastoma.

Palabras clave:
Citogenética
Carcinoma renal
Tumor de Wilms
Nefroma mesoblástico
Tumor rabdoide renal
Abstract

The pediatric kidney is a common site for tumors carrying specific chomosomal alterations. The most common of these is the nephroblastoma or Wilms tumor (WT), which is associated with anomalies in two loci: 11p13 and 11p15, the latter also linked to Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Two other genes that seem to be implicated are WT3 and WT4. In addition, 1q gains or 22 deletions have been shown to independently be associated with a worst prognosis in WTs. Other neoplasms with chromosomal rearrangements, such as Renal Cell carcinomas (CRs) are much less frequent in children (between 1.8 and 6.3 % of all malignant renal tumors). Among these, the “translocation renal carcinomas” have been identified involving the locus Xp11 with two main types of translocations: t(X;1), and t(X;17). Congenital mesoblastic nephroma (NMC) is a renal tumor affecting newborns and young infants. NMCs of the cellular type feature a specific translocation t(12;15)(p13;q25), which is also present in congenital fibrosarcomas outside of the kidney. These findings have led to conclude that these two tumors (NMC and congenital fibrosarcoma) are genetically equivalent. Rhabdoid tumors (TRs) of the kidney are very rare and aggressive neoplasms that appear with a mean age of 11 months. At least 50% of these TRs carry abnormalities in the hSNF5/INI1 gene, at 22q11.2. This gene is probably involved in transcriptional modulation of other genes such as the oncogene c-Myc, and also of the retinoblastoma protein RB signaling pathway.

Keywords:
Cytogenetics
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilms tumor
Congenital mesoblastic nephroma
Rhabdoid tumor of kidney

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