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Inicio Actas Urológicas Españolas (English Edition) Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). Technical complement for cases of acute li...
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Vol. 35. Issue 2.
Pages 108-114 (January 2011)
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Vol. 35. Issue 2.
Pages 108-114 (January 2011)
Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). Technical complement for cases of acute lithiasis
Cirugía retrógrada intrarrenal (CRIR). Complemento técnico para casos con excesiva carga litiásica.
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J.H. Amón
Corresponding author
amonsesmero@yahoo.es

Corresponding author.
, M. Cepeda, C. Conde, D. Alonso, V. González, J.M. Martínez-Sagarra
Servicio de Urología. Hospital Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) is the ideal complementary approach to flexible ureterorenoscopy (URF) when lithiasic fragmentation is significant or if the anatomy of the renal cavities may obstruct the spontaneous elimination of fragments.

Materials and methods

We performed 37 RIRS on 35 patients with renal lithiasis (14 men, 21 women) with a mean age of 56 (range 33–72) years, divided into two groups in accordance with the size of their kidney stones. Group A, 23 patients with lithiasis <1.5cm; Group B, 12 cases with lithiasis >1.5 cm. 28 patients had a single kidney stone and 7 had multiple stones.

Approach

Flexible ureterorenoscopy, 7.5 Fr (Flex-X2®, Karl Storz) by means of a ureteral access sheath. Holmium laser lithotripsy (Calculase®, Karl Storz) using 200 and 365μ fibres. Fragment extraction with 1.7 Fr nitinol baskets (N-gage, Cook). In cases of excessive stone burden, the renal cavities were washed with low-pressure fluid irrigation using a ureteral access sheath, which was collected together with the stone fragments carried by the “miniperc” sheath (Ultrax-x® 18Fr, Cook) placed using the percutaneous endoscopic technique at the level of the calyx-papilla selected for fragment drainage.

Results

The mean diameter for group A was 9.13 (range 5–13) mm and 20.25 (range 16-28) mm for group B. The overall mean operating time was 81 (range 30–160) min. Group A required 66.43±35.18min. and group B 107.5±46.73min. (p=0.006). The rate of absence of stones immediately after surgery was 83.2%, 93.1% at 3 months (95.6% for A and 83.3% for B; p=0.217). In no case was ureteral stenosis observed as a result of the use of ureteral access sheaths. In 7 group B patients (58.3%) with excessive stone burden and/or alteration in their pyelocaliceal anatomy, we performed active lavage of the renal cavities applying the aforementioned percutaneous technique. The mean postsurgery hospital stay was 2.1 (range 1–4) days. There were post-surgery complications (Clavien 1) in 7 patients (20%). Two patients required a second FURS.

Conclusions

RIRS can be effective treatment for >1.5cm kidney stones. Lavage ofthe renal cavities helps to eliminate stone fragments, reducing the possibility ofretreatment.

Keywords:
Retrograde intrarenal surgery
Flexible ureterorenoscopy
Resumen
Introducción

La cirugía retrógrada intrarrenal (CRIR) es el procedimiento técnico complementario ideal a la ureterorrenoscopia flexible (URF) cuando la carga litiásica fragmentada es grande o si la anatomía de las cavidades renales puede dificultar la eliminación espontánea de fragmentos.

Material y métodos

Hemos realizado 37 CRIR en 35 pacientes con litiasis renal (14 hombres, 21 mujeres) con edad media 56 (rango 33–72) años, divididos en dos grupos de acuerdo al tamaño litiásico: Grupo A, 23 pacientes con litiasis <1,5cm; Grupo B, 12 casos con litiasis >1,5cm. En 28 pacientes la litiasis fue única y en 7 múltiple. Técnica empleada: Ureterorrenoscopia flexible 7,5 Fr (FlexX2®, Karl Storz) a través de vaina de acceso ureteral. Litotricia con láser holmium (Calculase®, Karl Storz) utilizando fibras de 200 y 365μ. Extracción de fragmentos mediante cestas de nitinol de 1,7 Fr (N-gage,Cook). Ante carga litiásica abundante se lavaron cavidades renales introduciendo liquido de irrigación a baja presión a través de la vaina de acceso ureteral y recogiéndolo junto con los fragmentos litiásicos arrastrados por vaina de “miniperc” (Ultraxx® 18 Fr, Cook) colocada vía percutánea, bajo control endoscópico a nivel de la papila del cáliz seleccionado a modo de sumidero de fragmentos.

Resultados

El diámetro medio para el grupo A fue 9,13 (rango 5–13) mm y 20,25 (rango 16–28) mm para el grupo B. El tiempo medio operatorio global fue 81 (rango 30-160) min. El grupo A precisó 66,43±35,18 min y el grupo B 107,5±46,73 min (p=0,006). La tasa de limpieza de litiasis en el postoperatorio inmediato fue 83,2%, a los 3 meses 93,1% (95,6% para A y 83,3% para B; p=0,217). En ningún caso se observó estenosis ureteral como consecuencia del empleo de vainas de acceso al uréter. En 7 pacientes del grupo B (58,3%) con excesiva carga litiásica y/o alteración en la anatomía pielocalicial se realizó lavado activo de las cavidades renales con la maniobra percutánea descrita. La estancia media postoperatoria fue 2,1 (rango 1–4) días. En 7 pacientes (20%) hubo complicaciones postoperatorias (Clavien 1). Dos pacientes precisaron una segunda URF.

Conclusiones

La CRIR puede ser un tratamiento eficaz en litiasis renal >1,5cm. El lavado de cavidades renales ayuda a eliminar los fragmentos litiásicos disminuyendola posibilidad de retratamiento.

Palabras clave:
Cirugía retrógrada intrarrenal
Uteterorrenoscopia flexible

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