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Ebel, A.M. Autrán, O. Rodríguez-Faba, C. Alcántara" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Ebel" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "luisebel@uach.cl" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "A.M." "apellidos" => "Autrán" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "O." "apellidos" => "Rodríguez-Faba" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Alcántara" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Escuela de Medicina Valdivia, Chile" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Universidad Veracruzana, Veracrux, Mexico" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital de Amor, Dr. Paulo Prata, Barretos, Brazil" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Cancer testicular en Iberoamèrica: Estrategias para una adecuada prevenciòn y diagnòstico" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Testicular cancer (TC) is a disease that affects young men and is the most common solid tumor between the ages of 15 and 40 years. Incidence rates have been increasing in most Western countries over the last 50 years,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> especially in those with higher socioeconomic status, but also in some selected groups within each country. The main risk factors for the development of the disease are cryptorchidism, a history of TC in first-degree relatives, and a personal history of TC. However, its origin is not fully understood<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>; genetic, environmental, and hormonal causes have been proposed.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Its treatment is an example of successful multimodal cancer management, revolutionized by the use of cisplatin-based chemotherapy since the early 1970s.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Despite differences between countries, its mortality rates are currently low. The 5-year overall survival rate is approximately 95%,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> and it is therefore considered a model of curable cancer.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As a result, there is a large and growing group of young TC survivors with relevant long-term complications from treatment aimed at cure and quality of life improvement who require surveillance.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Given that patients diagnosed at an early stage generally do not require additional treatment after orchiectomy, and that most cases present as a painless testicular mass, early diagnosis by testicular self-examination (TSE) and educational campaigns appear to be essential. Thus, long-term adverse effects of adjuvant therapies can be avoided, improving the quality of life and possibly the prognosis of patients with TC.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8,9</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The epidemiological reality/picture of TC in Ibero-America seems to be similar in some countries.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10,11</span></a> However, there are no national cancer registries in most of the countries in this region<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12,13</span></a> and their decision strategies are based on known statistics from foreign countries or on data from limited areas within their own country. Similarly, we do not have sufficient data regarding the presentation of the TC, the basic tests for diagnosis and follow-up available in each country, nor the possibility of discussing its management in multidisciplinary committees, as required by the quality of contemporary medicine.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> We are also unaware of the existence of early detection programs or regional studies of possible causes, which could help to reduce morbimortality rates and guide prevention strategies, respectively.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At the end of 2022 the American Confederation of Urology (CAU) created the Testicular Cancer Work Group (<a href="https://caunet.org/grupos-de-trabajo/">https://caunet.org/grupos-de-trabajo/</a>). This group aims to design a four-year program (2023–2026) focused on consolidating TC information in the CAU setting and proposing strategies to improve diagnosis and treatment. It is made up of four professionals from different countries, two female and two male urologists, who represent the entire CAU community and seek to build a large network of joint work and support among all the Ibero-American urological scientific societies. The program designed is based on 3 main strands of work to strengthen as of yet undefined aspects of the disease: (I) design and apply a remote survey to CAU members to better understand the epidemiology and management of TC in their countries, (II) investigate the potential role of genetic factors in its etiology, and (III) support the creation and promotion of local pilot programs for early detection. This survey is currently available at <a href="https://bit.ly/3ZvYid5">https://bit.ly/3ZvYid5</a> and strands (II) and (III) have been underway since the beginning of 2024.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">TC is a challenging disease today. On the one hand, we must continue to offer our patients high cure rates, close to 100% in 70% of patients diagnosed at stage I. On the other hand, we must also consider the significant long-term complications associated with adjuvant treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, especially in young men who are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, infertility, and hypogonadism, among others. In addition, the likelihood of developing subsequent primary neoplasms 35 years after diagnosis increases in 20% of cases.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Therefore, it is necessary to know the actual situation of the disease in our CAU region based on reliable information and to develop programs that will allow the establishment of regional strategies for early detection and management.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:15 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "International trends in the incidence of testicular cancer: lessons from 35 years and 41 countries" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J.K. 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Journal Information
Vol. 48. Issue 9.
Pages 621-622 (November 2024)
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Vol. 48. Issue 9.
Pages 621-622 (November 2024)
Editorial
Testicular cancer in Ibero-America: Proper prevention and diagnostic strategies
Cancer testicular en Iberoamèrica: Estrategias para una adecuada prevenciòn y diagnòstico
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