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array:23 [ "pii" => "S2173578611000096" "issn" => "21735786" "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuroe.2011.06.006" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2011-05-01" "aid" => "266" "copyright" => "AEU" "copyrightAnyo" => "2010" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Actas Urol Esp. 2011;35:253-8" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1573 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 11 "HTML" => 1194 "PDF" => 368 ] ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S0210480611000532" "issn" => "02104806" "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuro.2010.05.018" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2011-05-01" "aid" => "266" "copyright" => "AEU" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Actas Urol Esp. 2011;35:253-8" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 3158 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 11 "HTML" => 2787 "PDF" => 360 ] ] "es" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Artículo original</span>" "titulo" => "Un nuevo modelo experimental de inducción de cistitis intersticial mediante estrés oxidativo empleando instilación vesical de un gel donante de óxido nítrico" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "253" "paginaFinal" => "258" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "A new experimental model for inducing interstitial cystitis by oxidative stress using bladder instillation of a nitric oxide donor gel" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figura 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1771 "Ancho" => 2500 "Tamanyo" => 353832 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A. Incisión de la piel. B. Disección de la capa muscular. C. Apertura de la pared abdominal. D. Identificación y extracción de la vejiga. E. Apertura de la vejiga. F. La vejiga se coloca en un bastoncillo para su fijación en formol.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "T.F. Palma, A. Seabra, S.C. Souto, L. Maciel, M. Alvarenga, R. Siniscalchi, M. Ganzarolli, C. Ricetto" "autores" => array:8 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "T.F." "apellidos" => "Palma" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Seabra" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "S.C." "apellidos" => "Souto" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Maciel" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Alvarenga" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Siniscalchi" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Ganzarolli" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Ricetto" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2173578611000096" "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuroe.2011.06.006" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173578611000096?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210480611000532?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/02104806/0000003500000005/v2_201304261228/S0210480611000532/v2_201304261228/es/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2173578611000102" "issn" => "21735786" "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuroe.2011.06.007" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2011-05-01" "aid" => "268" "copyright" => "AEU" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Actas Urol Esp. 2011;35:259-65" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1648 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 15 "HTML" => 1308 "PDF" => 325 ] ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "Androgen deprivation therapy and morbid obesity: Do they share cardiovascular risk through metabolic syndrome?" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "259" "paginaFinal" => "265" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Terapia de privación de andrógenos y obesidad mórbida: ¿tienen en común el riesgo cardiovascular por síndrome metabólico?" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1458 "Ancho" => 2056 "Tamanyo" => 158179 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Biochemical parameters between patients undergoing ADT (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">black bars</span>), not undergoing ADT (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">dark gray bars</span>) and morbidly obese men (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">light gray bars</span>).</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "S. Cleffi, A.S. Neto, L.O. Reis, Priscila Maia, F. Fonseca, M.L. Wroclawski, M. Neves, A.C.L. Pompeo, A. Del Giglio, E.F. Faria, M. Tobias-Machado" "autores" => array:11 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Cleffi" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A.S." "apellidos" => "Neto" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "L.O." "apellidos" => "Reis" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Priscila" "apellidos" => "Maia" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Fonseca" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.L." "apellidos" => "Wroclawski" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Neves" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A.C.L." "apellidos" => "Pompeo" ] 8 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Del Giglio" ] 9 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "E.F." "apellidos" => "Faria" ] 10 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Tobias-Machado" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0210480611000556" "doi" => "10.1016/j.acuro.2011.01.011" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0210480611000556?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173578611000102?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/21735786/0000003500000005/v1_201304251543/S2173578611000102/v1_201304251543/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:20 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "A new experimental model for inducing interstitial cystitis by oxidative stress using bladder instillation of a nitric oxide donor gel" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "253" "paginaFinal" => "258" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "T.F. Palma, A. Seabra, S.C. Souto, L. Maciel, M. Alvarenga, R. Siniscalchi, M. Ganzarolli, C. Ricetto" "autores" => array:8 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "T.F." "apellidos" => "Palma" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "thais.palma@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Seabra" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "S.C." "apellidos" => "Souto" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Maciel" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Alvarenga" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Siniscalchi" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Ganzarolli" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Ricetto" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Clínico Universitario de la Universidad Estatal de Campinas, Brazil" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Un nuevo modelo experimental de inducción de cistitis intersticial mediante estrés oxidativo empleando instilación vesical de un gel donante de óxido nítrico" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1494 "Ancho" => 2084 "Tamanyo" => 316165 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The rats undergo tricotomy and asepsis (A). The urethra is shown with tweezers (B). The catheter is inserted carefully (C). Instillation of the liquid according to each group (D).</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a condition characterized by bladder pain, urinary urgency, frequency and nocturia. The International Continence Society (ICS) prefers the term painful bladder syndrome defined as the supra-pubic pain related to the bladder filling, and with other symptoms such as increased frequency (day and night) in the absence of urinary tract infection or some other obvious disease.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> It is known that IC affects both men and women, but it is predominantly present in women (around 90% of all the patients).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> The main problem for the patients is how disease impacts their quality of life.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The regulation of the nitric oxide synthase enzyme (NOS) in the urine was suggested as an important factor in the immune response of IC. Other theories include a possible infectious origin, neurogenic inflammation and histamine-induced generalized visceral hypersensitivity caused by abnormalities in the immune or neuroendocrine system.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A new experimental model using oxidative stress would be a major advantage for understanding this idiopathic condition. Moreover, it would allow for the experimental evaluation of new treatments. The objective of this study is to present a new experimental model of IC induction by oxidative stress using a nitric oxide donor gel.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Materials and methods</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We studied the effects of a polymeric aqueous solution of the copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(propylene oxide)–poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO–PPO–PEO) Pluronic F127, containing <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S</span>-nitrousglutathione (GSNO) as a nitric oxide donor on the bladder wall of Wistar rats. GSNO is an endogenous <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S</span>-nitrousthiol that acts as a carrier and donor of NO, increasing its half-life. This project was developed at our institution, after approval by the Research Ethics Committee, protocol 1296-1. The rats were accommodated in cages containing five animals each, under ideal feeding, temperature, humidity and light conditions.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A pilot study including 20 Wistar rats was carried out as a training process for bladder catheterization in the animals. The sample size included 40 female Wistar rats aged 3 months. The nitric oxide donor chosen for this experiment was the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S</span>-nitrousglutathione (GSNO), produced and donated by the Institute of Chemistry of the State University of Campinas. GSNO was synthesized by reacting equimolar amounts of glutathione with sodium nitrite in aqueous hydrochloric acid (HCl 0.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>M), stirring it in an ice bath for 40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min. The final solution was precipitated with acetone, filtered and washed with cold water and acetone. The precipitate formed was dried for 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h. The GSNO obtained was stored in the freezer (−20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C) and protected from light.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Preparation of the solution containing NO Gel Pluronic F-127 (25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>wt%) in water containing GSNO (100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μM) was prepared as described previously. Pluronic F-127 solid was added to cold water (5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C). This solution was left at 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C for 12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h to reach equilibrium dissolution of the polymer. Appropriate volume of aqueous solution of GSNO (0.35<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mM) was added to the solution of Pluronic F-127 by stirring in an ice bath to complete homogenization of the solution. The animals were anesthetized by injection of sodium thiopental in the dorsal vein of the tail and then placed in the supine position, so that antisepsis could be performed with PVPI-lode.</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Group distribution</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Instillation was performed according to animal division in four groups, as shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>. In all groups, the substances were infused intravesically (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>), until bladder overflow was achieved (mean of 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL). The substances were kept in the bladder until the next micturition of the animals.<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">–</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Group 1</span>. Ten rats underwent two sessions of bladder instillation of saline solution 0.9% at 0.04<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml/min, with a 24-h interval between them, until bladder overflow was achieved and they were then injected with GSNO solution in 3 doses, with a 2-day interval between each dose; after that they were euthanized.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">–</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Group 2</span>. Ten rats underwent two sessions of bladder instillation of saline solution 0.9% at 0.04<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml/min, with a 24-h interval between them until bladder overflow was achieved; they were then injected with excipient solution (only the polymeric solution, without the GSNO) in 3 doses, 2 days between each dose and after that they were euthanized.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">–</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Group 3</span>. Ten rats underwent two sessions of bladder catheterization using protamine solution (30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/ml) and KCl 300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mM 0.04<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml/min, with a 24-h interval between them until bladder overflow (when the maximum bladder capacity was obtained); they were then injected with excipient solution (only polymeric solution without GSNO) in 3 doses, with a 2-day between each dose; after that they were euthanized.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">–</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Group 4</span>. Ten rats underwent two sessions of bladder catheterization using protamine solution (30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/ml) and KCl 300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mM 0.04<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml/min, until bladder overflow with a 24-h interval between them (when the maximum bladder capacity was obtained); they were then injected with GSNO solution in 3 doses, with a 2-day interval between each dose; after that they were euthanized.</p></li></ul></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Analysis</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Half of the rats of each group were euthanized with a lethal dose of anesthetic on day 6, and the other half after 9 days. Skin and muscle layers were dissected and the abdominal wall was opened. The bladder was identified and removed (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>). After opening the bladder, it was put on a stick to be fixated in formaldehyde for 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h and then in ethylic alcohol 70%, before being embedded in paraffin and analyzed for the presence of IC. Histological slides were made with histological cuts 3–4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>μm wide and HE stained. The pathological study was based on the following classification according to the therapeutic groups (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0010">Tables 2 and 3</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The histological slides were analyzed by a pathologist, who received them identified only by numbers, with no indication of the groups. All the parameters of the table were analyzed and the data were analyzed statistically. Statistical analysis was performed with assistance of the Department of Statistics of the Research Board of the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the State University of Campinas. A descriptive analysis was conducted using frequency tables for categorical variables. For comparison of proportions, the Fisher exact test was used and the level of significance was 5%.</p></span></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Macroscopically we observed edema and hyperemia of the mucosa in 2 (22%) of the animals in group 1, in 0 (0%) of the animals in group 2, in 10 (100%) of the animals in group 3, and in 5 (50%) of the animals in group 4. In the protamine<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>KCl group and in saline<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GSNO group, similar effects were observed on the bladder wall. A pathologist performed the microscopic evaluation following the parameters cited in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>.</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Microscopically, there was no significant difference between the groups regarding vascular congestion in the animals on day 6 (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.6329). After 9 days, vascular congestion was significantly reduced in group 2 (saline solution<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>excipient) when compared to groups 1, 3 and 4 (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.0035) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>). No difference was observed between the groups regarding fibrosis on day 6 (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.3781). After 9 days, fibrosis was significantly higher in group 4 (protamine<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GSNO) when compared to groups 1 and 2 (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.0035) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Neutrophilic infiltrate of variable intensity was observed in all groups after 6 days (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.7277). A tendency towards regression was observed after 9 days, without reaching differences of statistical significance between groups (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.2301). A tendency towards regression was also observed in all groups regarding edema, without significant differences either (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.8096 at 6 days; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.2478 at 9 days). The animals euthanized on day 6 did not present any significant differences regarding lymphomonocitary infiltrate (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.7253); however, on day 9 there was a significant difference between the groups (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.0459). In the group treated with GSNO<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>saline solution, infiltrate was more extensive than in the rest. Differential presence of mast cells in the infiltrate was not observed among groups.</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discussion</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Interstitial cystitis is a condition that deserves clinician attention, especially due to the lack of reliable criteria for diagnosis. Classically reported models do not reproduce the inflammation status properly, mostly because its cause is unknown.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Previous studies found higher levels of NO in these patients<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>; however, it is very difficult to collect material from patients in clinical trials because it causes great discomfort. A study was performed on patients in which 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mL of air were introduced in the bladder by means of a catheter and the level of NO was compared to that in the air in the room. The study found significant differences, proving that the patients with cystitis presented more NO than healthy individuals.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Experimental models of IC described in the literature are scarce. The first projects to develop interstitial cystitis in animals used acetic acid, cyclophosphamide, lipopolysaccharides, protamine sulphate and vanilloid receptor agonists. These substances did not produce the effects intended, either because they damaged the bladder too much, or because they were not reliable. Fraser et al. sought to develop a model that would reliably mimic the acute phase of this debilitating disease.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> To this end, they combined protamine sulphate (PS) treatment, thought to breakdown urothelial umbrella cell barrier function, and physiologic concentrations of potassium chloride (KCl) in an open cystometrogram animal model. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and transurethral continuous cystometry was performed with normal saline and 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmol/L KCl or 0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmol/L KCl as control. Either 10 or 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/mL PS was then added to the control solution for a 30-min period (for modest and severe urothelial barrier breakdown, respectively), after which the control solution was continued for 1–2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h. Bladder contraction amplitudes, durations, frequency and intercontractile intervals were recorded and analyzed. There were no differences between the saline 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmol/L KCl or 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmol/L KCl control periods, indicating that barrier function in these animals was not affected by the physical preparation. Of the treatments tested, 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmol/L KCl with 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/mL PS and 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmol/L KCl (the physiologic concentration of rat urine) with either 10 or 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/mL PS produced reliable irritation, which continued up to 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h after cessation of PS administration. These results indicate that the historical use of normal saline, instead of the more physiologic 500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmol/L KCl for cystometry, greatly biases our understanding of the function of the lower urinary tract in animal models of IC; and modest, non-cytotoxic insults to urothelial barrier function can result in dramatic irritative responses, given the proper physiological conditions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 2007, an experimental model of IC with intraperitoneal administration of cyclophosphamide (CP) was described. This anti-tumor agent is metabolized into acrolein in the kidney and accumulates in the bladder to produce toxic effects, ultimately resulting in visceral pain. This substance produces histological damage only in the urothelium when dissolved in 0.9% saline and administered intraperitoneally (i.p.). Vehicle or CP was administered (200–400<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/kg, i.p.), and spontaneous and evoked pain behaviors were evaluated simultaneously in the same mice.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Another experimental study was performed in cats that already presented idiopathic IC. In some cats there is naturally an idiopathic form of IC that provokes all the characteristics of human IC, including symptoms. The animals had history of pollakiuria, hematuria and micturition in inadequate locations. After the study of NO levels in both control and IC bladders, it was observed that the NO levels in the IC bladders were higher.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Other experimental models of IC include the use of attenuated pseudorabies virus (Bartha PRV), an α-herpes virus that is taken up by neurons and undergoes retrograde transport and viral replication within the central nervous system<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9,10</span></a> and IC induction with substance P and lipopolysaccharides that induce the release of histamine and cytokine by the bladder. The probable relation between NO and the inflammatory process related to IC brings an experimental model that is closer to reality with the use of a NO donor gel to start up the inflammatory process. The inflammatory response to bladder instillation of an aqueous solution of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S</span>-nitrousglutathione (GSNO) was very similar to that induced by bladder instillation of PS and KCl. Therefore, instillation of GSNO can be considered a new model for experimental induction of interstitial cystitis in rats.</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare to have no conflict of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:10 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xres98361" "titulo" => array:5 [ 0 => "Summary" 1 => "Purpose" 2 => "Materials and methods" 3 => "Results" 4 => "Conclusion" ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec85522" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xres98362" "titulo" => array:5 [ 0 => "Resumen" 1 => "Objetivo" 2 => "Material y métodos" 3 => "Resultados" 4 => "Conclusión" ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec85521" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Materials and methods" "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Group distribution" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Analysis" ] ] ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 9 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2010-05-25" "fechaAceptado" => "2010-05-27" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec85522" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Interstitial cystitis" 1 => "Nitric oxide" 2 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">In vivo</span> model" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec85521" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Cistitis intersticial" 1 => "Óxido nítrico" 2 => "Modelo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vivo</span>" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Summary" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Purpose</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The aim of this study is to develop a new experimental model of inducing interstitial cystitis (IC) through vesical instillation of a polymeric solution containing the NO donor <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S</span>-nitrousglutathione (GSNO) and to compare it to the experimental interstitial cystitis induced by vesical instillation of protamine and potassium chloride.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Materials and methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">For that purpose 40 female Wistar rats were used, divided into four groups: (1) saline solution<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GSNO; (2) saline solution<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>polymeric solution (without GNSO); (3) protamine sulphate<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>KCl; (4) protamine sulphate<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GSNO. The rats received one application (5 animals) or 3 applications (5 animals) of the corresponding substance through intravesical instillation, and after 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>days (5 animals) or 9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>days (5 animals) they were euthanized and their bladders were removed for macroscopic evaluation and histological study.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In the macroscopic evaluation we observed edema and hyperemia of the mucosa in 2 (22%) of the animals in group 1, in 0 (0%) of the animals in group 2, in 10 (100%) of the animals in group 3, and in 5 (50%) of the animals in group 4. In the protamine<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>KCl group and in saline<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GSNO similar effects were observed on the bladder wall. The animals in group 2 (saline<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>polymeric) showed vascular congestion, significantly smaller than the rest after 9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>days instillations (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.0035). Significant increased fibrosis was observed after instillations in groups 3 and 4, after 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>days (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.3781) and 9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>days (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.0459), respectively, when compared to control (group 2). All groups presented neutrophilic infiltrate of variable intensity 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>days after instillations (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.7277). After 9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>days, there was a regression of the infiltrate, with no evidence of accentuated neutrophilic reaction in all the groups (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.2301).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The inflammatory response to bladder instillation of an aqueous solution of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S</span>-nitrousglutathione was very similar to that induced by bladder instillation of protamine and KCl. Instillation of an aqueous solution of GSNO can be considered a new model for experimental induction of interstitial cystitis.</p>" ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La principal finalidad de este estudio es el desarrollo de un nuevo modelo experimental para la inducción de cistitis intersticial (CI) mediante la instilación vesical de una solución polimérica que contiene el <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S</span>-nitrosoglutatión donante de óxido nítrico (GSNO), y su comparación con la cistitis intersticial experimental inducida por instilación vesical de protamina y cloruro potásico.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material y métodos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Para la consecución de nuestro objetivo utilizamos 40 hembras de rata Wistar divididas en cuatro grupos: (a) solución salina<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GSNO; (b) solución salina<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>solución polimérica (sin GNSO); (c) sulfato de protamina<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>KCl; y (d) sulfato de protamina<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GSNO. Se realizó bien una aplicación a las ratas (5 animales), bien 3 aplicaciones (5 animales) de la sustancia correspondiente mediante instilación vesical, y al cabo de 6 días (5 animales) o 9 días (5 animales) se les practicó la eutanasia y se les extrajeron las vejigas para su evaluación macroscópica y estudio histológico.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En términos de evaluación macroscópica observamos edema e hiperemia de la mucosa en dos (22%) de los animales del grupo 1, en 0 (0%) de los del grupo 2, en 10 (100%) de los del 3 y en 5 (50%) de los animales del grupo 4. En el grupo de protamina<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>KCl y en solución salina<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GSNO se observaron efectos similares en la pared vesical. Los animales del grupo 2 (solución salina<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>polimérica) mostraban congestión vascular, bastante menos significativa que en el resto después de 9 días de instilaciones (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.0035). Se observó un aumento de la fibrosis tras las instilaciones en los grupos 3 y 4 a los 6 días (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.3781) y a los 9 días (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.0459) respectivamente, en comparación con los controles (grupo 2). En todos los grupos aparecía un infiltrado de neutrófilos con intensidad variable a los 6 días de las instilaciones (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.7277). Al cabo de 9 días se producía una regresión del infiltrado, y sin evidencias de reacción neutrofílica marcada en todos los grupos (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.2301).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusión</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La respuesta inflamatoria a la instilación vesical de una solución acuosa de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S</span>-nitrosoglutatión fue muy parecida a la inducida por la instilación vesical de protamina y KCl. La instilación de una solución acuosa de GSNO puede considerarse un nuevo modelo para la inducción experimental de cistitis intersticial.</p>" ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Please cite this article as: Palma TF, et al. Un nuevo modelo experimental de inducción de cistitis intersticial mediante estrés oxidativo empleando instilación vesical de un gel donante de óxido nítrico. Actas Urol Esp 2011;35:253–8.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:7 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1494 "Ancho" => 2084 "Tamanyo" => 316165 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The rats undergo tricotomy and asepsis (A). The urethra is shown with tweezers (B). The catheter is inserted carefully (C). Instillation of the liquid according to each group (D).</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1771 "Ancho" => 2501 "Tamanyo" => 412399 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Skin is incised (A). Muscle layer is dissected (B). Opening of the abdominal wall (C). Identification and removal of the bladder (D). Opening the bladder (E). The bladder is put on a stick to be fixated in formaldehyde (F).</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6, five animals were euthanized.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Time \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Group 1. Saline solution<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GSNO</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Day \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Instillation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Saline solution \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Saline solution \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">GSNO \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">GSNO \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">GSNO \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Group 2. Saline solution<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>polymeric solution</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Day \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Instillation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Saline solution \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Saline solution \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Polymeric solution \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Polymeric solution \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Polymeric solution \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Group 3. Saline solution<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>protamine and KCl</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Day \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Instillation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Saline solution \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Saline solution \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Protamine \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Protamine \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Protamine \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Group 4. Protamine and KCl<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GSNO</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Day \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Instillation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Protamine \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Protamine \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">GSNO \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">GSNO \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">GSNO \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab183631.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Time table of groups 1–4.</p>" ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Group \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Treatment \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Saline<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GSNO \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Saline<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>excipient \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Protamine<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>excipient \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Protamine<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GSNO \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab183634.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Groups of treatment.</p>" ] ] 4 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Parameters \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Severity</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Acute \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Moderate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mild \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Not Present \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Neutrophils \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Edema \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Vascular congestion \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Monomorphonuclear \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Granulation tissue \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Fibrosis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab183632.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Classifications of histological findings of HE.</p>" ] ] 5 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0020" "etiqueta" => "Table 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Group \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Acute \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Moderate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mild \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Not present \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Saline<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GSNO \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">33.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">66.67 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Saline<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>excipient \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Protamine \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Protamine<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GSNO \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">80 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Saline<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GSNO \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">80 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Saline<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>excipient \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">100<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Protamine \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">33.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">66.67 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Protamine<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GSNO \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">40 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">60 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab183635.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Reduced in group 2 (saline solution<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>excipient) when compared to groups 1, 3 and 4 (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.0035).</p>" ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Descriptive analysis and comparison of vascular congestion among groups (%).</p>" ] ] 6 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0025" "etiqueta" => "Table 5" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Group \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Not present \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mild \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Saline<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GSNO \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">33.33 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">66.67 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Saline<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>excipient \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Protamine \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Protamine<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GSNO \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">60 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">40 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Saline<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GSNO \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Saline<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>excipient \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Protamine \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">33.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">66.67 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Protamine<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GSNO \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">40 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">60<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab183633.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0010" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Increased in group 4 (protamine<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>+<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GSNO) when compared to groups 1 and 2 (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.0035).</p>" ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Descriptive analysis and comparison of fibrosis among groups (%).</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Determination of nitric oxide synthase activity and apoptosis of germ cells in different obstruction models" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "G. Oktem" 1 => "B. Altay" 2 => "B. Turna" 3 => "H. Aktug" 4 => "A. Yavasoglu" 5 => "O. Yilmaz" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.acthis.2007.01.005" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Acta Histochem" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "111" "paginaInicial" => "119" "paginaFinal" => "126" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18614207" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The standardisation of terminology in lower urinary tract function: report from the standardisation sub-committee of the International Continence Society" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "P. Abrams" 1 => "L. Cardozo" 2 => "M. Fall" 3 => "D. Griffiths" 4 => "P. Rosier" 5 => "U. Ulmsteinn" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Urology" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "61" "paginaInicial" => "37" "paginaFinal" => "49" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12559262" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "DMSO: effect on bladder afferent neurons and nitric oxide release" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "L.A. Birder" 1 => "A.J. 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