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Inicio Actas Urológicas Españolas (English Edition) Beyond the photodynamic diagnosis: Searching for excellence in the diagnosis of ...
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Vol. 34. Issue 8.
Pages 657-668 (January 2010)
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Vol. 34. Issue 8.
Pages 657-668 (January 2010)
Review – Bladder cancer
Beyond the photodynamic diagnosis: Searching for excellence in the diagnosis of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Más allá del diagnóstico fotodinámico: buscando la excelencia en el diagnóstico del cáncer vesical no músculo-invasivo
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J. Oliva Encina
Corresponding author
jolivaencina@ono.com

Corresponding author.
, A. Marco Valdenebro, J. Pelegrí Gabarró, C. Rioja Sanz
Servicio de Urología, Hospital Royo Villanova, Zaragoza, Spain
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Abstract

Cystoscopy is the gold-standard method in non-muscule-invasive bladder cancer diagnosis. In the cystoscopic exploration 30% of tumors could be overlooked: it is due to flat forms, small tumors or difficult visualization. Photodynamic diagnosis reduces overlooked tumor rates, and has improved diagnosis on flat forms, with the consequence of increasing relapse time to recurrence and decreasing the number of iterative cystoscopies; nevertheless the false positive rate is high. In recent years new optical devices have been developed which seek to improve diagnostic sensitivity in cystoscopy –alone or associated− without diminishing specificity. Among new devices we must emphasize some like Narrow Band Imaging, Optical Coherence Tomography and Laser Confocal Endomicroscopy.

Keywords:
Bladder cancer
Narrow band imaging
Optical coherence tomography
Laser confocal endomicroscopy
Resumen

La cistoscopia es el método de elección en el diagnóstico positivo del cáncer vesical no músculo-invasivo. La tasa de tumores que pasan inadvertidos durante la cistoscopia puede llegar al 30%; esto es debido a factores como la existencia de formas tumorales planas, de pequeño tamaño o de difícil visualización. El diagnóstico fotodinámico ha conseguido disminuir la tasa de tumores que pasan inadvertidos, y ha conseguido mejorar el diagnóstico de lesiones planas, con el consiguiente aumento del tiempo libre de recidiva y disminuyendo el número de actuaciones endoscópicas iterativas, pero a costa de una tasa de falsos positivos elevada. En los últimos años se han desarrollado una serie de sistemas ópticos que pretenden, solos o asociados mejorar la sensibilidad diagnóstica de la cistoscopia sin menoscabo de su especificidad. Entre estos sistemas debemos destacar algunos como Narrow Band Imaging, la Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica y la Endomicroscopía Láser Confocal.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer de vejiga
Narrow band imaging
Tomografía de coherencia óptica
Endomicroscopía láser confocal

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