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Vol. 34. Issue 3.
Pages 266-273 (January 2010)
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Vol. 34. Issue 3.
Pages 266-273 (January 2010)
Surgical complications in kidney transplantation and their influence on graft survival
Complicaciones quirúrgicas en el trasplante renal y su influencia en la supervivencia del injerto
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J. Barba Abad
Corresponding author
javiferbar@hotmail.com

Author for correspondence.
, A. Rincón Mayans, E. Tolosa Eizaguirre, L. Romero Vargas, D. Rosell Costa, J.E. Robles García, J.J. Zudaire Bergera, J.M. Berián Polo, I. Pascual Piédrola
Department of Urology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Abstract
Objectives

To analyze surgical complications in kidney transplantation and their influence on graft survival.

Materials and methods

A retrospective analysis was made of the early and late surgical complications occurring in 216 consecutive kidney transplants performed at our institution and their influence on graft survival.

Results

At least one surgical complication occurred in 82 (38%) of the 216 transplantations, and 68 (31%) required some type of repeat surgery, 23 in the early postoperative period and 45 more than 3 months after surgery. Mean follow–up was 48 months (SD+/−33.4), and median follow–up 48 months (range, 0–166 months).

No recipient or donor factors predisposing to surgical complications were found.

Graft survival was significantly shorter in patients with surgical complications [3- and 5-year survival rates of 86% (95% CI 83%–89%) and 78% (95% CI 73%–82%) as compared to 92% (95% CI 90%–94%) and 88% (95% CI 85%–91%), p:0.004]. Early repeat surgery, venous thrombosis, and wound infection were among the complications having an independent influence on graft survival.

A multivariate analysis of graft survival in the whole group showed early repeat surgery to be a factor with an independent prognostic value (OR: 4.7; 95% CI 2.2–10, p<0.0001). Delayed function and donor age older than 60 years were the other independent influential factors.

Conclusion

Surgical complications have an influence on graft survival. The need for early repeat surgery, delayed function, and donor age older than 60 years are independent predictors of graft survival.

Keywords:
Kidney transplantation
Surgical complications
Graft survival
Resumen
Objetivo

Nuestro objetivo es analizar las complicaciones quirúrgicas en el trasplante renal y su influencia en la supervivencia del injerto.

Material y métodos

Analizamos retrospectivamente 216 trasplantes renales realizados entre el 1 de enero de 2000 y el 31 de diciembre de 2008, analizando las complicaciones quirúrgicas y valorando su influencia sobre la supervivencia del injerto renal.

Resultados

De los 216 trasplantes, 82 (38%) tuvieron algún tipo de complicación quirúrgica y 68 (31%) requirieron algún tipo de reintervención (23 en postoperatorio inmediato y 45 más allá de los 3 meses). Media de seguimiento de 48 meses (+/– 33,4 desviación estándar) y mediana de seguimiento de 48 meses (rango de 0 a 166).

No se han objetivado en receptor o donante factores que predispongan a la incidencia de complicaciones.

La supervivencia del injerto es significativamente menor en los pacientes con complicaciones quirúrgicas (supervivencia a los 3 y a los 5 años del 86% [intervalo de confianza {IC} 95%: 83–89] y del 78% [IC 95%: 73–82] vs. el 92% [IC 95%: 90–94] y el 88% [IC 95%: 85–91]; p=0,004). La reintervención precoz, la trombosis venosa y la infección de herida son las complicaciones que tienen influencia independiente en la supervivencia.

El estudio multivariado de la supervivencia del injerto de todo el grupo pone de manifiesto que la reintervención precoz es un factor de influencia independiente (odds ratio: 4,7; IC 95%: 2,2–10; p<0,0001). La función diferida y la edad del donante mayor de 60 años son los otros factores influyentes.

Conclusiones

Las complicaciones quirúrgicas influyen en la supervivencia del injerto. La necesidad de cirugía precoz es una variable con valor pronóstico independiente sobre supervivencia del injerto junto con la función diferida y la edad del donante.

Palabras clave:
Trasplante renal
Complicaciones quirúrgicas
Supervivencia del injerto

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