Expression of epidermal growth factors and a tight junction protein in the nasal mucosa of patients with chronic hypertrophic rhinitis

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Serbes, D. Can, F. Atlihan, I. Günay, S. Asilsoy, S. Altinöz" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Serbes" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "D." "apellidos" => "Can" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Atlihan" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "I." "apellidos" => "Günay" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Asilsoy" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "S." 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Comert, E. Celebioglu, G. Karakaya, A.F. Kalyoncu" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Comert" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "E." "apellidos" => "Celebioglu" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "G." "apellidos" => "Karakaya" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A.F." "apellidos" => "Kalyoncu" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0301054612001796?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/03010546/0000004100000004/v1_201307160011/S0301054612001796/v1_201307160011/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:19 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Original article" "titulo" => "Expression of epidermal growth factors and a tight junction protein in the nasal mucosa of patients with chronic hypertrophic rhinitis" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "246" "paginaFinal" => "254" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "K.-H. Nguyen, H. Suzuki, T. Wakasugi, N. Hohchi, K. Hashida, T. Ohbuchi, M. Shibata" "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "K.-H." "apellidos" => "Nguyen" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 1 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "H." "apellidos" => "Suzuki" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "suzuhyde@med.uoeh-u.ac.jp" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "¿" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "T." "apellidos" => "Wakasugi" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "N." "apellidos" => "Hohchi" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "K." "apellidos" => "Hashida" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "T." "apellidos" => "Ohbuchi" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Shibata" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen, Viet Nam" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1193 "Ancho" => 1500 "Tamanyo" => 183079 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Photomicrographs of fluorescence immunohistochemical staining for erbB2. The images show positive staining/negative control pairs of the epithelial layer (A/B) and nasal gland (C/D). Scale bar=50μm." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionChronic hypertrophic rhinitis is one of the common sequelae of long-term allergic/non-allergic inflammation, habitual use of topical nasal vasoconstrictors, and vasomotor reaction. Patients with chronic hypertrophic rhinitis generally complain of intractable nasal obstruction, which often causes headache, fatigue, thirst, lack of concentration, daytime cognitive deficits, daytime sleepiness, and sleep disturbance, eventually leading to a decline in quality of life. Other nasal symptoms such as nasal discharge, sneezing, and postnasal drip can usually be managed by drug therapy. However, nasal obstruction caused by irreversibly hypertrophied nasal mucosa is resistant to conservative treatment, and often forces patients to sustain surgical treatment, including inferior turbinectomy.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005">1,2</a> Despite a number of clinical studies on chronic hypertrophic rhinitis,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015">3,4</a> the pathogenesis of hypertrophied nasal mucosa is not fully understood.ErbB family receptors, also referred to as type I receptor tyrosine kinases, consist of four subtypes, erbB1, erbB2, erbB3, and erbB4. They play important roles in the proliferation, activation, survival, differentiation, migration, and neoplastic transformation of epithelial cells, mesenchymal cells, endothelial cells, and nerve cells.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025">5–10</a> In recent years, erbBs have been reported to participate in the pathological process of inflammatory diseases in the upper and lower respiratory tracts.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055">11–14</a> Recent research into cell biology has also revealed that regulation and activation of erbBs are associated with tight junction integrity,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075">15,16</a> which is closely related to epithelial development, injury and tumorigenesis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085">17</a> This study aimed at investigating the expressions of erbB1, 2, 3, 4, and a tight junction protein, claudin-1, in the nasal mucosa of patients with chronic hypertrophic rhinitis.Materials and methodsPatients and sample collectionSamples were obtained from 10 patients with chronic hypertrophic rhinitis, consisting of six allergic and four non-allergic patients (seven men and three women ranging in age from 17 to 63 years, with an average age of 48 years). Chronic hypertrophic rhinitis was diagnosed by clinical history, rhinoscopic examination, and computed tomography. Patients with sinonasal tumours, acute rhinosinusitis, acute upper/lower airway infections, chronic bronchitis, and/or bronchial asthma were excluded from the study. Total serum IgE levels were measured by a radioimmunosorbent test (RIST), and those over 170U/ml were considered to be positive. Specific serum IgE levels were determined by radioallergosorbent tests (RAST) for allergic antigens, including house dust mites, Japanese cedar pollen, orchard grass pollen, short ragweed pollen, cypress pollen, mugwort pollen, timothy grass pollen, Candida, Aspergillus, and Alternaria. RAST was considered to be positive when at least one item was positive. Patients were judged allergic when RIST and/or RAST were positive.Inferior turbinectomy was performed via a transnasal endoscopic approach under general anaesthesia. For immunohistochemistry, the specimens were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1M phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 (PB) at 4°C overnight. For quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the specimens were soaked in RNA stabilisation reagent (Qiagen Inc., Valencia, CA, USA) at 4°C overnight and then stored at −80°C until use.The state of disease was considered severe in all the patients from clinical symptoms and macro/microscopic findings; they had complained of persistent nasal obstruction for years, and exhibited marked and irreversible hypertrophy of the inferior turbinates on rhinoscopy. The turbinates histologically showed noticeable changes such as submucosal fibrosis, goblet cell hyperplasia, and squamous metaplasia with loss of cilia. Informed consent was obtained from the patients, and the study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Occupational and Environmental Health.Fluorescence immunohistochemistryThe fixed samples were transferred into 20% sucrose in 0.1M phosphate buffered saline at pH 7.4 (PBS), and incubated at 4°C for two nights with 3–4 changes of the solution. The samples were then embedded while frozen in optimum cutting temperature (OCT) compound and stored at −80°C before sectioning. Seven-μm-thick sections were prepared using a cryostat, mounted on silane-coated glass slides (Superfrost; Matsunami Glass Industries, Osaka, Japan), and air-dried. The sections were hydrated in 0.1M phosphate buffered saline with 0.3% Triton X-100 (PBST) for 20min, and treated with 1.5% normal donkey serum (for erbB1) or normal goat serum (for erbB2, 3, 4, and claudin-1) in 0.1M PBST for 1h. They were then incubated with rabbit anti-human erbB1 antibody (Abgent, Flanders Court, San Diego, CA, USA), mouse anti-human erbB2 antibody (NeoMarkers Inc., Fremont, CA, USA), mouse anti-human erbB3 antibody (NeoMarkers Inc.), mouse anti-human erbB4 antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc., Santa Cruz, CA, USA), or mouse anti-human claudin-1 antibody (Invitrogen Co., Camarillo, CA, USA) at 4°C overnight. The primary antibodies were used at a dilution of 1:50 (for anti-erbB1 and anti-claudin-1) or 1:100 (for anti-erbB2, 3 and 4) in 0.1M PBST containing 0.5% bovine serum albumin (BSA). As a control, primary antibodies were omitted from the process.After a brief rinse with PBST, the sections were reacted with Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit IgG for erbB1 or Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG for erbB2, 3, 4, and claudin-1 (Invitrogen; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR) diluted 1:1000 in PBST containing 0.5% BSA at room temperature for two hours. The sections were coverslipped with Prolong Gold antifade reagent and examined under a Carl Zeiss Axioskop 2 plus fluorescence microscope. The light source was an HBO 103W/2 mercury vapour lamp. The light was let through a 475–495nm bandpass filter for the excitation of Alexa Fluor 488. The emitted fluorescence was allowed to pass through a 515–565nm bandpass filter. Images were captured using a Carl Zeiss AxioCam digital camera attached to the microscope.Measurement of fluorescence intensity was performed in quadruplicate (four sections for each sample), using Axio Vision software (version 4.7.2.0; copyright 2006–2008; Carl Zeiss Imaging Solutions GmbH). The fluorescence intensity was displayed in a 256-step arbitrary scale of 0 (no fluorescence) to 255 (most intense fluorescence) in each pixel of the image. A region of interest in the image was manually defined, and its average pixel value (fluorescence intensity value) was calculated in order to quantitatively estimate the fluorescence intensity of the region. Then the fluorescence intensity value of the corresponding region in the control slide was subtracted to obtain the net fluorescence intensity value.Preparation of total RNATotal RNA was extracted with an RNeasy Midi Kit (Qiagen Inc., Valencia, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The purity of RNA was assessed by the ratio of light absorption at 260 to that at 280nm (an A260/A280 ratio between 1.9 and 2.1 was considered acceptable). The RNA concentration was determined from A260.qRT-PCRTwo μg of the total RNA was reverse-transcribed to cDNA with a High Capacity RNA-to-cDNA Kit (Applied Biosystems Inc., Foster City, CA, USA), which uses random primers. qRT-PCR analysis was performed with an Applied Biosystems StepOnePlus real-time PCR system using the TaqMan Fast Universal PCR Master Mix (Applied Biosystems) for five target genes (erbB1, erbB2, erbB3, erbB4, and claudin-1) and for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA (GAPDH) as a housekeeping gene according to the manufacturer's specification. The TaqMan Gene Expression Assays for erbB1 (assay identification number: Hs00193306_m1), erbB2 (assay identification number: Hs01001580_m1), erbB3 (assay identification number: Hs00951455_m1), erbB4 (assay identification number: Hs00171783_m1), claudin-1 (assay identification number: Hs00221623_m1), and GAPDH (assay identification number: Hs00951455_m1) were purchased from Applied Biosystems. One hundred ng/μl of cDNA was mixed with TaqMan Universal PCR Master Mix with AmpErase (uracil N-glycosylase) and a target primer/probe set of the TaqMan Gene Expression Assays, and subjected to PCR amplification with real-time detection. The thermal cycler conditions were as follows: holding at 95°C for 2min, followed by two-step PCR of 40 cycles at 95°C for 1s followed by 60°C for 20s. Each sample was assayed in duplicate.The measured threshold cycle (CT) was normalised by subtracting CT for the housekeeping gene (GAPDH) of each sample from that for the target genes. From the obtained ΔCT, the ratio of the target gene to the housekeeping gene was calculated as follows:<elsevierMultimedia ident="eq0005"></elsevierMultimedia>Statistical analysisThe statistical significance of Pearson's correlation coefficients was tested using the t-test. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant.ResultsThe total serum IgE level ranged from 2 to 438U/ml with an average of 163.4U/ml. RIST and RAST were positive in five and six patients, respectively. All five patients with positive RIST showed positive RAST.All erbB1-4 and claudin-1 were detected immunohistochemically and at the mRNA level. The immunoreactivity was mainly localised in the epithelial layer and in the nasal glands. Representative photomicrographs of immunohistochemical staining for erbB1, 2, 3, 4 and claudin-1 are presented in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005">Figs. 1–5</a>, respectively.<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0025"></elsevierMultimedia>Correlations of net fluorescence intensities and 2−ΔCT values between erbBs and claudin-1 are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>. Immunoreactivity for claudin-1 was positively correlated with the expressions of erbB1, 2 and 4, but negatively correlated with immunoreactivity for erbB3. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> represents correlations among the expressions of erbB1-4. The mRNA expressions of erbB1, 2 and 4 were positively correlated with one another, whereas the expression of erbB3 showed negative correlation with the immunoreactivity for erbB2 and 4. These results imply that erbB1, 2, 4, and claudin-1 are similarly regulated in parallel, whereas erbB3 is regulated inversely to the other molecules in the hypertrophied nasal turbinate mucosa.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>DiscussionChronic hypertrophic rhinitis is clinically characterised by an irreversibly enlarged inferior turbinate, and its pathogenesis has been controversial. The enlarged turbinates histologically exhibit irreversible changes such as submucosal fibrosis, goblet cell hyperplasia, and squamous metaplasia with the loss of cilia,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">18</a> suggesting the occurrence of tissue damage and repair – that is, remodelling. Tissue remodelling in varying degrees is thought to be involved in the pathological process of rhinitis and sinusitis, although to a lesser extent than in that of asthma.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">19</a> The sinus mucosa of chronic sinusitis/rhinosinusitis exhibits histological findings characteristic of tissue remodelling, such as shedding of the epithelium, thickening of the basement membrane, and submucosal collagen deposition.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100">20,21</a> Nasal epithelial damage in allergic rhinitis is milder, but has been shown at the ultrastructural level; i.e., vacuolation of the epithelial cells and widening of the intercellular spaces.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110">22,23</a>Several studies have demonstrated the expression of erbBs in the lower respiratory tract of normal and asthmatic humans,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060">12,24</a> implying their potential roles in the repair and regeneration of the airway epithelium.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">11</a> The presence of erbBs in the upper respiratory tract has also been documented since 2000.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125">25–29</a> ErbB1, 2 and 3 are constitutively expressed in the normal human nasal epithelium.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125">25</a> The observation that the expression of erbB1 increases in the inflammatory nasal mucosa and polyps<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135">27–29</a> strongly suggests the occurrence of tissue repair in these pathological states.The expression and activation of erbBs in the airway epithelium are connected with tissue damage, which is accompanied by the breakdown of the tight junction. Vermeer et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075">15</a> proposed a hypothesis that erbBs and their ligands are confined in the basolateral and apical surfaces of the epithelial cells, respectively, but mixed with each other when epithelial integrity is disrupted, leading to the activation of erbBs. Takeyama et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150">30</a> and Petecchia et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">31</a> have found that airway epithelia damaged by cigarette smoke exposure exhibit activation of erbB1 and disassembly of tight junction components.The claudin family, consisting of 20 subtypes, is one of the major groups of tight junction proteins, and constitutes a physiological epithelial barrier.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160">32</a> For example, overexpression of claudin-1 by transfection induces several-fold reinforcement of the electrical barrier function of cultured epithelial cells.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165">33</a> In the human nasal mucosa, claudin-1, 4 and 7 are expressed throughout the epithelium.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170">34</a> In vitro studies using cultured human nasal epithelial cells have revealed that the expression of these claudins is altered after exposure to inflammatory stimuli such as cytokine and virus.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175">35–37</a>The present study demonstrated that the expressions of erbBs correlated with that of claudin-1, suggesting the participation of these molecules in the tissue remodelling of chronic hypertrophic rhinitis. In particular, erbBs 1, 2 and 4 showed positive correlation with one another and with claudin-1.Generally, erbBs are activated by ligand-induced dimerisation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190">38</a> In addition to homodimerisation, erbBs can combine with one another and form heterodimers. Of the four types of erbBs, erbB2 has a unique property; it has no known ligand but can combine with the other 3 erbBs, and its heterodimerisation has been extensively studied.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190">38</a> Activated erbBs then share common intracellular signalling pathways involving mitogen-activated protein kinase, STAT3, STAT5, Src family kinases, phospholipase C-γ, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085">17</a> and may work together for the repair and regeneration of impaired tissue. Interestingly, in the present study, erbB3 was inversely correlated with claudin-1 and other erbBs, as shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0005">Tables 1 and 2</a>. The reason for this finding is unclear. In in vitro experiments, the biological half-life of erbB3 has been shown to be much shorter than that of the other erbBs.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">39</a> Moreover, unlike the other erbBs, erbB3 can be degraded via a unique pathway that involves neuregulin receptor degradation protein-1 (Nrdp1).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200">40</a> It has been reported that Nrdp1 is stabilised by neuroregulin, resulting in a decrease of erbB3 expression.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200">40</a> Such distinct characteristics of erbB3 relative to the other members may, at least partially, account for the aberrant expression of erbB3 in the present study.In conclusion, we investigated the expressions of erbB1-4 and claudin-1 in the nasal mucosa of patients with chronic hypertrophic rhinitis by means of fluorescence immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. All erbB1-4 and claudin-1 were detected, and were mainly localised in the epithelial cells and nasal gland cells. Quantitative analyses revealed positive correlations among erbB1, 2, 4 and claudin-1, but a negative correlation of erbB3 with other erbBs and claudin-1. These results suggest a possible participation of these molecules in tissue remodelling in chronic hypertrophic rhinitis. Studies including in vitro experiments remain to be performed to further elucidate the pathogenesis of this disease.Conflict of interestThe authors have no conflict of interest.Ethical disclosuresPatients’ data protectionConfidentiality of data. The authors declare that no patient data appears in this article.Right to privacy and informed consentRight to privacy and informed consent. The authors declare that no patient data appears in this article.Protection of human subjects and animals in researchProtection of human and animal subjects. The authors declare that the procedures followed were in accordance with the regulations of the responsible Clinical Research Ethics Committee and in accordance with those of the World Medical Association and the Helsinki Declaration." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:10 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xres222896" "titulo" => array:5 [ 0 => "Abstract" 1 => "Background" 2 => "Methods" 3 => "Results" 4 => "Conclusions" ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec208352" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Materials and methods" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Patients and sample collection" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Fluorescence immunohistochemistry" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Preparation of total RNA" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "qRT-PCR" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Statistical analysis" ] ] ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Results" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Ethical disclosures" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Patients’ data protection" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0065" "titulo" => "Right to privacy and informed consent" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0070" "titulo" => "Protection of human subjects and animals in research" ] ] ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack50651" "titulo" => "Acknowledgement" ] 9 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2012-04-18" "fechaAceptado" => "2012-06-26" "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec208352" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Chronic hypertrophic rhinitis" 1 => "Inferior turbinate" 2 => "Nasal mucosa" 3 => "ErbB" 4 => "Tight junction protein" 5 => "Claudin-1" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:1 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "BackgroundErbB family receptors and tight junction proteins participate in the pathologic process including tissue remodelling of inflammatory diseases in the upper and lower respiratory tracts. This study aimed at investigating the expressions of erbB1, 2, 3, 4, and a tight junction protein, claudin-1, in the nasal mucosa of patients with chronic hypertrophic rhinitis. MethodsInferior turbinates were collected from 10 turbinectomised patients with allergic and non-allergic chronic hypertrophic rhinitis. The expressions of erbB1, 2, 3, 4, and claudin-1 were examined by fluorescence immunohistochemistry and by quantitative real-time transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). ResultsAll erbB1-4 and claudin-1 were detected, and mainly localised in the epithelial cells and nasal gland cells. The immunoreactivity for claudin-1 was positively correlated with the expressions of erbB1, 2 and 4, but negatively correlated with that of erbB3. The mRNA expressions of erbB1, 2 and 4 were positively correlated with one another, whereas the expression of erbB3 showed negative correlation with the immunoreactivity for erbB2 and 4. ConclusionsThese results suggest a possible participation of erbBs and claudin-1 in tissue remodelling in chronic hypertrophic rhinitis." ] ] "multimedia" => array:8 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1189 "Ancho" => 1500 "Tamanyo" => 153306 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Photomicrographs of fluorescence immunohistochemical staining for erbB1. The images show positive staining/negative control pairs of the epithelial layer (A/B) and nasal gland (C/D). Scale bar=50μm." ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1193 "Ancho" => 1500 "Tamanyo" => 183079 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Photomicrographs of fluorescence immunohistochemical staining for erbB2. The images show positive staining/negative control pairs of the epithelial layer (A/B) and nasal gland (C/D). Scale bar=50μm." ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 1188 "Ancho" => 1500 "Tamanyo" => 189283 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Photomicrographs of fluorescence immunohistochemical staining for erbB3. The images show positive staining/negative control pairs of the epithelial layer (A/B) and nasal gland (C/D). Scale bar=50μm." ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0020" "etiqueta" => "Figure 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg" "Alto" => 1185 "Ancho" => 1500 "Tamanyo" => 195851 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Photomicrographs of fluorescence immunohistochemical staining for erbB4. The images show positive staining/negative control pairs of the epithelial layer (A/B) and nasal gland (C/D). Scale bar=50μm." ] ] 4 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0025" "etiqueta" => "Figure 5" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr5.jpeg" "Alto" => 1194 "Ancho" => 1500 "Tamanyo" => 141726 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Photomicrographs of fluorescence immunohistochemical staining for claudin-1. The images show positive staining/negative control pairs of the epithelial layer (A/B) and nasal gland (C/D). Scale bar=50μm." ] ] 5 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "The values shown are Pearson's correlation coefficients. 2−ΔCT indicates the ratio of target mRNA/GAPDH mRNA." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Claudin-1</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Net fluorescence intensity</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2−ΔCT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Epithelium \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Gland \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">erbB1</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Net fluorescence intensity</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Epithelium \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.479 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.444 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.183 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Gland \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.063 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.361 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.572 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2−ΔCT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.460 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.767<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">**</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.025 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">erbB2</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Net fluorescence intensity</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Epithelium \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.641<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.616 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.345 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Gland \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.096 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.222 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.485 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2−ΔCT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.643<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.880<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015">***</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.032 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">erbB3</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Net fluorescence Intensity</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Epithelium \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.367 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.413 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.014 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Gland \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.725<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.626 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.208 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2−ΔCT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.027 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.045 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.330 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="6" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">erbB4</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Net fluorescence intensity</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Epithelium \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.244 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.288 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.258 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Gland \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.444 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.362 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.023 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2−ΔCT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.594 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.825<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">**</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.029 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab337088.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "*" "nota" => "p<0.05." ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0010" "etiqueta" => "**" "nota" => "p<0.01." ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0015" "etiqueta" => "***" "nota" => "p<0.001." ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Correlation between the expressions of erbBs and claudin-1." ] ] 6 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "The values shown are Pearson's correlation coefficients. 2−ΔCT indicates the ratio of target mRNA/GAPDH mRNA." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">erbB1</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">erbB2</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">erbB3</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">erbB4</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Net fluorescence intensity</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2−ΔCT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Net fluorescence intensity</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2−ΔCT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Net fluorescence intensity</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2−ΔCT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Net fluorescence intensity</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2−ΔCT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Epithelium \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Gland \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Epithelium \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Gland \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Epithelium \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Gland \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Epithelium \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Gland \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">erbB1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Net fluorescence intensity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Epithelium \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.208 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.410 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.495 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.168 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.501 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.476 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.142 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.615 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Gland \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.303 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.271 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.029 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.268 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.128 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.037 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.465 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.057 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.003 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2−ΔCT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.450 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.532 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.953<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0030">***</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.292 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.417 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.209 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.545 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.056 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.964<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0030">***</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="15" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">erbB2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Net fluorescence intensity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Epithelium \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.208 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.303 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.450 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.060 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.723<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.241 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.191 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.079 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.527 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Gland \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.410 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.271 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.532 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.267 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.533 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.780<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025">**</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.311 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.373 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.490 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2−ΔCT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.495 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.029 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.953<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0030">***</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.355 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.582 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.103 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.596 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.090 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.937<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0030">***</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="15" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">erbB3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Net fluorescence intensity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Epithelium \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.168 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.268 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.292 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.060 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.267 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.355 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.352 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.841<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025">**</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.231 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Gland \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.501 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.128 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.417 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.723<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020">*</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.533 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.582 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.339 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.253 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.471 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2−ΔCT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.476 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.037 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.209 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.241 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.780<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025">**</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.103 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.315 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.289 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.286 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="15" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">erbB4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Net fluorescence intensity \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Epithelium \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.142 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.465 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.545 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.191 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.311 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.596 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.352 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.339 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.315 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Gland \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.100 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.057 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.056 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.079 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.373 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.090 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.841<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025">**</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.253 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">−0.289 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " 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K.-H. Nguyena,b, H. Suzukia,

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suzuhyde@med.uoeh-u.ac.jp

Corresponding author.

, T. Wakasugia, N. Hohchia, K. Hashidaa, T. Ohbuchia, M. Shibataa

a Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan

b Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen, Viet Nam

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          "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Photomicrographs of fluorescence immunohistochemical staining for erbB2&#46; The images show positive staining&#47;negative control pairs of the epithelial layer &#40;A&#47;B&#41; and nasal gland &#40;C&#47;D&#41;&#46; Scale bar<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Chronic hypertrophic rhinitis is one of the common sequelae of long-term allergic&#47;non-allergic inflammation&#44; habitual use of topical nasal vasoconstrictors&#44; and vasomotor reaction&#46; Patients with chronic hypertrophic rhinitis generally complain of intractable nasal obstruction&#44; which often causes headache&#44; fatigue&#44; thirst&#44; lack of concentration&#44; daytime cognitive deficits&#44; daytime sleepiness&#44; and sleep disturbance&#44; eventually leading to a decline in quality of life&#46; Other nasal symptoms such as nasal discharge&#44; sneezing&#44; and postnasal drip can usually be managed by drug therapy&#46; However&#44; nasal obstruction caused by irreversibly hypertrophied nasal mucosa is resistant to conservative treatment&#44; and often forces patients to sustain surgical treatment&#44; including inferior turbinectomy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> Despite a number of clinical studies on chronic hypertrophic rhinitis&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a> the pathogenesis of hypertrophied nasal mucosa is not fully understood&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">ErbB family receptors&#44; also referred to as type I receptor tyrosine kinases&#44; consist of four subtypes&#44; erbB1&#44; erbB2&#44; erbB3&#44; and erbB4&#46; They play important roles in the proliferation&#44; activation&#44; survival&#44; differentiation&#44; migration&#44; and neoplastic transformation of epithelial cells&#44; mesenchymal cells&#44; endothelial cells&#44; and nerve cells&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#8211;10</span></a> In recent years&#44; erbBs have been reported to participate in the pathological process of inflammatory diseases in the upper and lower respiratory tracts&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#8211;14</span></a> Recent research into cell biology has also revealed that regulation and activation of erbBs are associated with tight junction integrity&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;16</span></a> which is closely related to epithelial development&#44; injury and tumorigenesis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> This study aimed at investigating the expressions of erbB1&#44; 2&#44; 3&#44; 4&#44; and a tight junction protein&#44; claudin-1&#44; in the nasal mucosa of patients with chronic hypertrophic rhinitis&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Materials and methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients and sample collection</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Samples were obtained from 10 patients with chronic hypertrophic rhinitis&#44; consisting of six allergic and four non-allergic patients &#40;seven men and three women ranging in age from 17 to 63 years&#44; with an average age of 48 years&#41;&#46; Chronic hypertrophic rhinitis was diagnosed by clinical history&#44; rhinoscopic examination&#44; and computed tomography&#46; Patients with sinonasal tumours&#44; acute rhinosinusitis&#44; acute upper&#47;lower airway infections&#44; chronic bronchitis&#44; and&#47;or bronchial asthma were excluded from the study&#46; Total serum IgE levels were measured by a radioimmunosorbent test &#40;RIST&#41;&#44; and those over 170<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;ml were considered to be positive&#46; Specific serum IgE levels were determined by radioallergosorbent tests &#40;RAST&#41; for allergic antigens&#44; including house dust mites&#44; Japanese cedar pollen&#44; orchard grass pollen&#44; short ragweed pollen&#44; cypress pollen&#44; mugwort pollen&#44; timothy grass pollen&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Candida</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aspergillus</span>&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Alternaria</span>&#46; RAST was considered to be positive when at least one item was positive&#46; Patients were judged allergic when RIST and&#47;or RAST were positive&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Inferior turbinectomy was performed via a transnasal endoscopic approach under general anaesthesia&#46; For immunohistochemistry&#44; the specimens were fixed with 4&#37; paraformaldehyde in 0&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>M phosphate buffer at pH 7&#46;4 &#40;PB&#41; at 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C overnight&#46; For quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction &#40;qRT-PCR&#41;&#44; the specimens were soaked in RNA stabilisation reagent &#40;Qiagen Inc&#46;&#44; Valencia&#44; CA&#44; USA&#41; at 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C overnight and then stored at &#8722;80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C until use&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The state of disease was considered severe in all the patients from clinical symptoms and macro&#47;microscopic findings&#59; they had complained of persistent nasal obstruction for years&#44; and exhibited marked and irreversible hypertrophy of the inferior turbinates on rhinoscopy&#46; The turbinates histologically showed noticeable changes such as submucosal fibrosis&#44; goblet cell hyperplasia&#44; and squamous metaplasia with loss of cilia&#46; Informed consent was obtained from the patients&#44; and the study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Occupational and Environmental Health&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Fluorescence immunohistochemistry</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The fixed samples were transferred into 20&#37; sucrose in 0&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>M phosphate buffered saline at pH 7&#46;4 &#40;PBS&#41;&#44; and incubated at 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C for two nights with 3&#8211;4 changes of the solution&#46; 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CA&#44; USA&#41;&#44; mouse anti-human erbB2 antibody &#40;NeoMarkers Inc&#46;&#44; Fremont&#44; CA&#44; USA&#41;&#44; mouse anti-human erbB3 antibody &#40;NeoMarkers Inc&#46;&#41;&#44; mouse anti-human erbB4 antibody &#40;Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc&#46;&#44; Santa Cruz&#44; CA&#44; USA&#41;&#44; or mouse anti-human claudin-1 antibody &#40;Invitrogen Co&#46;&#44; Camarillo&#44; CA&#44; USA&#41; at 4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C overnight&#46; The primary antibodies were used at a dilution of 1&#58;50 &#40;for anti-erbB1 and anti-claudin-1&#41; or 1&#58;100 &#40;for anti-erbB2&#44; 3 and 4&#41; in 0&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>M PBST containing 0&#46;5&#37; bovine serum albumin &#40;BSA&#41;&#46; As a control&#44; primary antibodies were omitted from the process&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After a brief rinse with PBST&#44; the sections were reacted with Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit IgG for erbB1 or Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG for erbB2&#44; 3&#44; 4&#44; and claudin-1 &#40;Invitrogen&#59; Molecular Probes&#44; Eugene&#44; OR&#41; diluted 1&#58;1000 in PBST containing 0&#46;5&#37; BSA at room temperature for two hours&#46; The sections were coverslipped with Prolong Gold antifade reagent and examined under a Carl Zeiss Axioskop 2 plus fluorescence microscope&#46; The light source was an HBO 103<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>W&#47;2 mercury vapour lamp&#46; The light was let through a 475&#8211;495<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>nm bandpass filter for the excitation of Alexa Fluor 488&#46; The emitted fluorescence was allowed to pass through a 515&#8211;565<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>nm bandpass filter&#46; Images were captured using a Carl Zeiss AxioCam digital camera attached to the microscope&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Measurement of fluorescence intensity was performed in quadruplicate &#40;four sections for each sample&#41;&#44; using Axio Vision software &#40;version 4&#46;7&#46;2&#46;0&#59; copyright 2006&#8211;2008&#59; Carl Zeiss Imaging Solutions GmbH&#41;&#46; The fluorescence intensity was displayed in a 256-step arbitrary scale of 0 &#40;no fluorescence&#41; to 255 &#40;most intense fluorescence&#41; in each pixel of the image&#46; A region of interest in the image was manually defined&#44; and its average pixel value &#40;fluorescence intensity value&#41; was calculated in order to quantitatively estimate the fluorescence intensity of the region&#46; Then the fluorescence intensity value of the corresponding region in the control slide was subtracted to obtain the net fluorescence intensity value&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Preparation of total RNA</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Total RNA was extracted with an RNeasy Midi Kit &#40;Qiagen Inc&#46;&#44; Valencia&#44; CA&#44; USA&#41; according to the manufacturer&#39;s instructions&#46; The purity of RNA was assessed by the ratio of light absorption at 260 to that at 280<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>nm &#40;an <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">260</span>&#47;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">280</span> ratio between 1&#46;9 and 2&#46;1 was considered acceptable&#41;&#46; 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and a target primer&#47;probe set of the TaqMan Gene Expression Assays&#44; and subjected to PCR amplification with real-time detection&#46; The thermal cycler conditions were as follows&#58; holding at 95<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C for 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&#44; followed by two-step PCR of 40 cycles at 95<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C for 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s followed by 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C for 20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s&#46; Each sample was assayed in duplicate&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The measured threshold cycle &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">C</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">T</span>&#41; was normalised by subtracting <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">C</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">T</span> for the housekeeping gene &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GAPDH</span>&#41; of each sample from that for the target genes&#46; From the obtained &#916;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">C</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">T</span>&#44; the ratio of the target gene to the housekeeping gene was calculated as follows&#58;<elsevierMultimedia ident="eq0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The statistical significance of Pearson&#39;s correlation coefficients was tested using the t-test&#46; P values less than 0&#46;05 were considered significant&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The total serum IgE level ranged from 2 to 438<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;ml with an average of 163&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;ml&#46; RIST and RAST were positive in five and six patients&#44; respectively&#46; All five patients with positive RIST showed positive RAST&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All erbB1-4 and claudin-1 were detected immunohistochemically and at the mRNA level&#46; The immunoreactivity was mainly localised in the epithelial layer and in the nasal glands&#46; Representative photomicrographs of immunohistochemical staining for erbB1&#44; 2&#44; 3&#44; 4 and claudin-1 are presented in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005">Figs&#46; 1&#8211;5</a>&#44; respectively&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0025"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Correlations of net fluorescence intensities and 2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;&#916;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">C</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">T</span></span> values between erbBs and claudin-1 are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; Immunoreactivity for claudin-1 was positively correlated with the expressions of erbB1&#44; 2 and 4&#44; but negatively correlated with immunoreactivity for erbB3&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> represents correlations among the expressions of erbB1-4&#46; The mRNA expressions of erbB1&#44; 2 and 4 were positively correlated with one another&#44; whereas the expression of erbB3 showed negative correlation with the immunoreactivity for erbB2 and 4&#46; These results imply that erbB1&#44; 2&#44; 4&#44; and claudin-1 are similarly regulated in parallel&#44; whereas erbB3 is regulated inversely to the other molecules in the hypertrophied nasal turbinate mucosa&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discussion</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Chronic hypertrophic rhinitis is clinically characterised by an irreversibly enlarged inferior turbinate&#44; and its pathogenesis has been controversial&#46; The enlarged turbinates histologically exhibit irreversible changes such as submucosal fibrosis&#44; goblet cell hyperplasia&#44; and squamous metaplasia with the loss of cilia&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> suggesting the occurrence of tissue damage and repair &#8211; that is&#44; remodelling&#46; Tissue remodelling in varying degrees is thought to be involved in the pathological process of rhinitis and sinusitis&#44; although to a lesser extent than in that of asthma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> The sinus mucosa of chronic sinusitis&#47;rhinosinusitis exhibits histological findings characteristic of tissue remodelling&#44; such as shedding of the epithelium&#44; thickening of the basement membrane&#44; and submucosal collagen deposition&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#44;21</span></a> Nasal epithelial damage in allergic rhinitis is milder&#44; but has been shown at the ultrastructural level&#59; i&#46;e&#46;&#44; vacuolation of the epithelial cells and widening of the intercellular spaces&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;23</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several studies have demonstrated the expression of erbBs in the lower respiratory tract of normal and asthmatic humans&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;24</span></a> implying their potential roles in the repair and regeneration of the airway epithelium&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> The presence of erbBs in the upper respiratory tract has also been documented since 2000&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25&#8211;29</span></a> ErbB1&#44; 2 and 3 are constitutively expressed in the normal human nasal epithelium&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> The observation that the expression of erbB1 increases in the inflammatory nasal mucosa and polyps<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27&#8211;29</span></a> strongly suggests the occurrence of tissue repair in these pathological states&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The expression and activation of erbBs in the airway epithelium are connected with tissue damage&#44; which is accompanied by the breakdown of the tight junction&#46; Vermeer et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> proposed a hypothesis that erbBs and their ligands are confined in the basolateral and apical surfaces of the epithelial cells&#44; respectively&#44; but mixed with each other when epithelial integrity is disrupted&#44; leading to the activation of erbBs&#46; Takeyama et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> and Petecchia et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> have found that airway epithelia damaged by cigarette smoke exposure exhibit activation of erbB1 and disassembly of tight junction components&#46;The claudin family&#44; consisting of 20 subtypes&#44; is one of the major groups of tight junction proteins&#44; and constitutes a physiological epithelial barrier&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a> For example&#44; overexpression of claudin-1 by transfection induces several-fold reinforcement of the electrical barrier function of cultured epithelial cells&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> In the human nasal mucosa&#44; claudin-1&#44; 4 and 7 are expressed throughout the epithelium&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a> In vitro studies using cultured human nasal epithelial cells have revealed that the expression of these claudins is altered after exposure to inflammatory stimuli such as cytokine and virus&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35&#8211;37</span></a></p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present study demonstrated that the expressions of erbBs correlated with that of claudin-1&#44; suggesting the participation of these molecules in the tissue remodelling of chronic hypertrophic rhinitis&#46; In particular&#44; erbBs 1&#44; 2 and 4 showed positive correlation with one another and with claudin-1&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Generally&#44; erbBs are activated by ligand-induced dimerisation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a> In addition to homodimerisation&#44; erbBs can combine with one another and form heterodimers&#46; Of the four types of erbBs&#44; erbB2 has a unique property&#59; it has no known ligand but can combine with the other 3 erbBs&#44; and its heterodimerisation has been extensively studied&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a> Activated erbBs then share common intracellular signalling pathways involving mitogen-activated protein kinase&#44; STAT3&#44; STAT5&#44; Src family kinases&#44; phospholipase C-&#947;&#44; and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> and may work together for the repair and regeneration of impaired tissue&#46; Interestingly&#44; in the present study&#44; erbB3 was inversely correlated with claudin-1 and other erbBs&#44; as shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0005">Tables 1 and 2</a>&#46; The reason for this finding is unclear&#46; In in vitro experiments&#44; the biological half-life of erbB3 has been shown to be much shorter than that of the other erbBs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a> Moreover&#44; unlike the other erbBs&#44; erbB3 can be degraded via a unique pathway that involves neuregulin receptor degradation protein-1 &#40;Nrdp1&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a> It has been reported that Nrdp1 is stabilised by neuroregulin&#44; resulting in a decrease of erbB3 expression&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a> Such distinct characteristics of erbB3 relative to the other members may&#44; at least partially&#44; account for the aberrant expression of erbB3 in the present study&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; we investigated the expressions of erbB1-4 and claudin-1 in the nasal mucosa of patients with chronic hypertrophic rhinitis by means of fluorescence immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR&#46; All erbB1-4 and claudin-1 were detected&#44; and were mainly localised in the epithelial cells and nasal gland cells&#46; Quantitative analyses revealed positive correlations among erbB1&#44; 2&#44; 4 and claudin-1&#44; but a negative correlation of erbB3 with other erbBs and claudin-1&#46; These results suggest a possible participation of these molecules in tissue remodelling in chronic hypertrophic rhinitis&#46; Studies including in vitro experiments remain to be performed to further elucidate the pathogenesis of this disease&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflict of interest&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Ethical disclosures</span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients&#8217; data protection</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Confidentiality of data&#46; The authors declare that no patient data appears in this article&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Right to privacy and informed consent&#46; The authors declare that no patient data appears in this article&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Protection of human subjects and animals in research</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Protection of human and animal subjects&#46; The authors declare that the procedures followed were in accordance with the regulations of the responsible Clinical Research Ethics Committee and in accordance with those of the World Medical Association and the Helsinki Declaration&#46;</p></span></span></span>"
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          "titulo" => "Materials and methods"
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              "titulo" => "Patients and sample collection"
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              "titulo" => "Fluorescence immunohistochemistry"
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            2 => array:2 [
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              "titulo" => "Preparation of total RNA"
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            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0030"
              "titulo" => "qRT-PCR"
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          "titulo" => "Ethical disclosures"
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            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0060"
              "titulo" => "Patients&#8217; data protection"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0065"
              "titulo" => "Right to privacy and informed consent"
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            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0070"
              "titulo" => "Protection of human subjects and animals in research"
            ]
          ]
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        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xack50651"
          "titulo" => "Acknowledgement"
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          "titulo" => "References"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2012-04-18"
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          "clase" => "keyword"
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          "palabras" => array:6 [
            0 => "Chronic hypertrophic rhinitis"
            1 => "Inferior turbinate"
            2 => "Nasal mucosa"
            3 => "ErbB"
            4 => "Tight junction protein"
            5 => "Claudin-1"
          ]
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    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Background</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">ErbB family receptors and tight junction proteins participate in the pathologic process including tissue remodelling of inflammatory diseases in the upper and lower respiratory tracts&#46; This study aimed at investigating the expressions of erbB1&#44; 2&#44; 3&#44; 4&#44; and a tight junction protein&#44; claudin-1&#44; in the nasal mucosa of patients with chronic hypertrophic rhinitis&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Inferior turbinates were collected from 10 turbinectomised patients with allergic and non-allergic chronic hypertrophic rhinitis&#46; The expressions of erbB1&#44; 2&#44; 3&#44; 4&#44; and claudin-1 were examined by fluorescence immunohistochemistry and by quantitative real-time transcription-polymerase chain reaction &#40;qRT-PCR&#41;&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">All erbB1-4 and claudin-1 were detected&#44; and mainly localised in the epithelial cells and nasal gland cells&#46; The immunoreactivity for claudin-1 was positively correlated with the expressions of erbB1&#44; 2 and 4&#44; but negatively correlated with that of erbB3&#46; The mRNA expressions of erbB1&#44; 2 and 4 were positively correlated with one another&#44; whereas the expression of erbB3 showed negative correlation with the immunoreactivity for erbB2 and 4&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">These results suggest a possible participation of erbBs and claudin-1 in tissue remodelling in chronic hypertrophic rhinitis&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Photomicrographs of fluorescence immunohistochemical staining for erbB1&#46; The images show positive staining&#47;negative control pairs of the epithelial layer &#40;A&#47;B&#41; and nasal gland &#40;C&#47;D&#41;&#46; Scale bar<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Photomicrographs of fluorescence immunohistochemical staining for erbB2&#46; The images show positive staining&#47;negative control pairs of the epithelial layer &#40;A&#47;B&#41; and nasal gland &#40;C&#47;D&#41;&#46; Scale bar<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Photomicrographs of fluorescence immunohistochemical staining for erbB3&#46; The images show positive staining&#47;negative control pairs of the epithelial layer &#40;A&#47;B&#41; and nasal gland &#40;C&#47;D&#41;&#46; Scale bar<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Photomicrographs of fluorescence immunohistochemical staining for erbB4&#46; The images show positive staining&#47;negative control pairs of the epithelial layer &#40;A&#47;B&#41; and nasal gland &#40;C&#47;D&#41;&#46; Scale bar<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Photomicrographs of fluorescence immunohistochemical staining for claudin-1&#46; The images show positive staining&#47;negative control pairs of the epithelial layer &#40;A&#47;B&#41; and nasal gland &#40;C&#47;D&#41;&#46; Scale bar<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Epithelium&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Gland&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Net fluorescence intensity</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Epithelium&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Net fluorescence intensity</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Epithelium&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Epithelium&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The values shown are Pearson&#39;s correlation coefficients&#46; 2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;&#916;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">C</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">T</span></span> indicates the ratio of target mRNA&#47;GAPDH mRNA&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">erbB1</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">erbB2</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">erbB4</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Net fluorescence intensity</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;&#916;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">C</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">T</span></span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Net fluorescence intensity</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;&#916;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">C</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">T</span></span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Net fluorescence intensity</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;&#916;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">C</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">T</span></span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Net fluorescence intensity</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Epithelium&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Gland&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Epithelium&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Gland&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Epithelium&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Gland&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Epithelium&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Gland&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">erbB1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Net fluorescence intensity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Epithelium&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Gland&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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Article information

ISSN: 03010546
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.aller.2012.06.006

The statistics are updated each day

Year/Month	Html	Pdf	Total

2024 November	2	0	2
2024 October	13	2	15
2024 September	15	5	20
2024 August	20	2	22
2024 July	14	8	22
2024 June	22	3	25
2024 May	7	7	14
2024 April	38	4	42
2024 March	16	3	19
2024 February	19	4	23
2024 January	20	5	25
2023 December	33	9	42
2023 November	12	15	27
2023 October	17	6	23
2023 September	33	6	39
2023 August	30	8	38
2023 July	38	4	42
2023 June	4	6	10
2023 May	16	24	40
2023 April	16	12	28
2023 March	12	1	13
2023 February	13	5	18
2023 January	13	3	16
2022 December	21	6	27
2022 November	10	4	14
2022 October	12	10	22
2022 September	12	24	36
2022 August	22	5	27
2022 July	17	31	48
2022 June	15	5	20
2022 May	15	13	28
2022 April	18	11	29
2022 March	16	9	25
2022 February	16	10	26
2022 January	18	4	22
2021 December	9	11	20
2021 November	11	6	17
2021 October	18	17	35
2021 September	15	15	30
2021 August	7	8	15
2021 July	8	8	16
2021 June	13	9	22
2021 May	11	8	19
2021 April	67	4	71
2021 March	15	23	38
2021 February	12	5	17
2021 January	8	7	15
2020 December	1	0	1
2020 November	0	1	1
2020 October	0	7	7
2020 September	0	1	1
2020 August	0	2	2
2020 July	0	1	1
2020 June	0	1	1
2020 May	0	1	1
2020 April	0	2	2
2020 March	0	1	1
2020 February	0	2	2
2019 December	0	2	2
2019 October	0	2	2
2019 September	0	2	2
2019 August	0	4	4
2019 July	0	14	14
2019 May	0	7	7
2018 February	3	3	6
2018 January	3	0	3
2017 December	5	3	8
2017 November	5	1	6
2017 October	13	3	16
2017 September	6	2	8
2017 August	14	1	15
2017 July	12	4	16
2017 June	8	17	25
2017 May	16	10	26
2017 April	14	4	18
2017 March	17	42	59
2017 February	19	2	21
2017 January	9	5	14
2016 December	9	5	14
2016 November	13	1	14
2016 October	30	5	35
2016 September	9	7	16
2016 August	13	5	18
2016 July	9	1	10
2016 June	18	10	28
2016 May	5	11	16
2016 April	10	11	21
2016 March	8	16	24
2016 February	8	17	25
2016 January	16	17	33
2015 December	12	13	25
2015 November	12	14	26
2015 October	15	8	23
2015 September	15	9	24
2015 August	4	4	8
2015 July	12	3	15
2015 June	2	3	5
2015 May	6	1	7
2015 April	10	10	20
2015 March	11	8	19
2015 February	7	9	16
2015 January	24	3	27
2014 December	43	4	47
2014 November	18	3	21
2014 October	17	4	21
2014 September	27	5	32
2014 August	8	2	10
2014 July	11	8	19
2014 June	0	1	1
2014 May	0	1	1
2014 April	0	1	1
2014 March	33	10	43
2014 February	27	3	30
2014 January	22	2	24
2013 December	19	5	24
2013 November	21	7	28
2013 October	21	10	31
2013 September	29	5	34
2013 August	20	7	27
2013 July	10	6	16

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Allergologia et Immunopathologia is no longer published on Elsevier since the 2021 year.Transferred to Codon Publications

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Allergologia et Immunopathologia is no longer published on Elsevier since the 2021 year.Transferred to Codon Publications

Indexed in:

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