Urinary leukotriene and Bcl I polymorphism of glucocorticoid receptor gene in preschoolers with recurrent wheezing and high risk of asthma

array:23 ["pii" => "S0301054615000567" "issn" => "03010546" "doi" => "10.1016/j.aller.2015.02.003" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2016-01-01" "aid" => "682" "copyright" => "SEICAP" "copyrightAnyo" => "2015" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2016;44:59-65" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 368 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 10 "HTML" => 142 "PDF" => 216 ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S0301054615000907" "issn" => "03010546" "doi" => "10.1016/j.aller.2015.04.004" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2016-01-01" "aid" => "691" "copyright" => "SEICAP" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2016;44:66-75" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1228 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 12 "HTML" => 739 "PDF" => 477 ] ] "en" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Original Article" "titulo" => "Induction of nasal polyps using house dust mite and Staphylococcal enterotoxin B in C57BL/6 mice" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "66" "paginaFinal" => "75" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 3239 "Ancho" => 2574 "Tamanyo" => 604256 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Representative sections of eosinophilic infiltration and total IgE production. (A–D) The presence of eosinophils was detected in groups B, C and D. Increased numbers of eosinophils were observed in groups C and D, with no significant difference in eosinophil distributions between groups C and D. (E) The numbers of eosinophils infiltrating the nasal mucosa were counted based on the Sirius red-stained sections. Data are expressed as means±SD. (F) The level of total IgE from serum was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data are expressed as means±SEM. *p<0.05, compared to group A (control); #p<0.05, compared to group B (HDM); Mann–Whitney U test. Scale bar=100μm." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "R. Khalmuratova, M. Lee, D.W. Kim, J.-W. Park, H.-W. Shin" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Khalmuratova" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Lee" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "D.W." "apellidos" => "Kim" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.-W." "apellidos" => "Park" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "H.-W." "apellidos" => "Shin" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0301054615000907?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/03010546/0000004400000001/v1_201601070106/S0301054615000907/v1_201601070106/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S030105461500097X" "issn" => "03010546" "doi" => "10.1016/j.aller.2015.04.010" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2016-01-01" "aid" => "698" "copyright" => "SEICAP" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2016;44:54-8" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 651 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 13 "HTML" => 230 "PDF" => 408 ] ] "en" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Original Article" "titulo" => "Prevalence of adverse reactions following a passed oral food challenge and factors affecting successful re-introduction of foods. A retrospective study of a cohort of 199 children" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "54" "paginaFinal" => "58" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "S. Miceli Sopo, S. Monaco, M. Greco, R. Onesimo" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Miceli Sopo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "S." "apellidos" => "Monaco" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Greco" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Onesimo" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S030105461500097X?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/03010546/0000004400000001/v1_201601070106/S030105461500097X/v1_201601070106/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:20 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Original Article" "titulo" => "Urinary leukotriene and Bcl I polymorphism of glucocorticoid receptor gene in preschoolers with recurrent wheezing and high risk of asthma" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "59" "paginaFinal" => "65" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "M. Morales, C. Flores, K. Pino, J. Angulo, M. López-Lastra, J.A. Castro-Rodriguez" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Morales" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "C." "apellidos" => "Flores" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "K." "apellidos" => "Pino" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Angulo" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "López-Lastra" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 5 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "J.A." "apellidos" => "Castro-Rodriguez" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "jacastro17@hotmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Molecular Virology Laboratory/Instituto Milenio de Inmunologia e Inmunoterapia, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1570 "Ancho" => 1664 "Tamanyo" => 70458 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Urinary LTE4 level (pg/ml) between cases (positive API) and controls (negative API)." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionIn the majority of asthma cases, symptoms begin during the first years of life. Recurrent wheezing is an important problem in young children; fortunately, it is estimated that only 30% of preschoolers with recurrent wheezing still have asthma at the age of 6 years.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160">1</a> However, diagnosis of asthma at this age is difficult, and the use of genetic or biochemical markers for asthma diagnosis remains controversial.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165">2</a> The risk of developing asthma among those preschoolers with recurrent wheezing can be determined using clinical parameters such as the Asthma Predictive Index (API).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170">3–6</a>Nevertheless, it has not been clearly determined if those preschoolers with recurrent wheezing and high risk of developing asthma (namely positive API) would have a better response to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) or to leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) treatment.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190">7–9</a> An international guideline proposed to start with ICS as a first line of treatment and if there was no response, to change to LTRA.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205">10</a>Sensitivity to glucocorticoids has been associated with a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within the glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) gene promoter (located on chromosome 5q31-q32, of nine exons). From these, the SNP known as Bcl I polymorphism has been associated with an increased risk of asthma and sensitivity to glucocorticoids.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210">11–13</a> Patients harbouring the minor allele G versus the C allele develop asthma more frequently, indicating that the presence of the major allele C is associated with a reduced risk of the disease.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225">14</a>Cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4) play a role in the chronic inflammatory response of airways.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230">15,16</a> LTE4, the main metabolite of leukotriene metabolism, is excreted in urine<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240">17</a>; and has been used as a marker of airway inflammation presence.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0245">18–20</a> However, urinary concentrations of LTE4 and its association with some clinical parameters have not been fully studied.The aim of the present study was to determine the possible association between the Bcl I polymorphism of the GCR and the levels of urinary LTE4 in a group of preschoolers with recurrent wheezing episodes (positive or negative API).Materials and methodsWe performed a case–control study in which patients aged 2–5 years old with recurrent wheezing episodes (≥3 episodes/year diagnosed by physician) and without treatment with LTRA for at least 2 weeks, were sequentially invited to participate in the study. Patients with positive stringent API index (one of two major criteria [eczema or parental asthma] or two of three minor criteria [allergic rhinitis, wheezing without colds or eosinophilia ≥4%]) were considered cases, while patients with negative API were considered controls. Exclusion criteria included patients with chronic respiratory illness (e.g. cystic fibrosis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, bronchiolitis obliterans, primary ciliary dyskinesia, etc.), cardiopulmonary congenital diseases, gastro-oesophageal reflux or history of any acute respiratory infection in the 3 weeks prior to enrolling.After explaining the purpose of the study, written informed consent was obtained from parents or guardians of the patient. Data were recorded by a standardised questionnaire and a review of clinical records, including demographic data, age of onset of recurrent wheezing, frequency of episodes in the previous year, severity, parental report of respiratory illnesses (e.g. respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, pneumonia, acute media otitis and croup), anti-asthmatic medication used, visits to emergency department (ED), hospitalisations, family history of asthma/allergic disease and environmental factors (dampness, carpets, pets, tobacco exposure and fuel for heating). At enrolment a total peripheral blood sample for eosinophil and Bcl I polymorphism of the GCR determination was obtained. Samples were frozen at −80°C until processing. The genetic material (DNA) was isolated using a QIAamp DNA Minikit (QIAGEN®, Valencia, CA, US) according to the manufacturer's specifications. Amplification of the DNA segments for the Bcl I polymorphism of the GCR was conducted using a forward primer (5′-CACCAATTCCTCTCTTAAAGAGATG-3′) and reverse primer (5′-AGCAGAAGTACTAACAAAGAGCCC-3′) by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) assay. The amplification was then incubated with a specific restriction enzyme (SfaNI, Fermentas,® Vilnius, Lithuania) for the allele discrimination and samples resolved on acrylamide gel and were visualised by staining with silver nitrate (determination of homozygous or heterozygous allele). Simultaneously, urine samples were collected (by spontaneous urination or by urine collector) for the determination of urinary LTE4 levels. Urine samples were then frozen at −70°C and saved until all samples were processed. LTE4 in urine was measured by ACETM (Enzyme Inmunoassay Kit,® Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbour, MI, USA), according to manufacturer's recommendations. Urinary LTE4 concentration was reported in pg/ml.The study was approved by the ethical committee of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (# 11–038).Statistical analysisA sample size of 41 patients in each group was calculated with a power of 80% and confidence level of 95% for the polymorphism outcome. Comparison of variables between cases (positive API) and controls (negative API) was performed using the chi2 test or Fischer test for categorical variables; and the t-test or Mann–Whitney U-test for continuous variables with or without normal distribution, respectively. Levene test was used for assumptions of normality and equal variances. Continuous variables with normal distribution were described as mean±SD, and those without normal distribution as median and interquartile range [IQR] (25–75 percentiles). p-Values<0.05 were considered to indicate a significant difference. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine which variables were associated with positive API condition (dependent variable). Two models were tested: the first model including all the variables as independent, and the second including only those with p value<0.1 in the univariate analysis. Statistical analyses were performed using statistical software (SPSS® v.17, IBM, Armonk, NY, USA).ResultsEighty-six out of 101 (85%) preschoolers invited agree to participate. We enrolled 86 preschoolers (46 cases and 40 controls). Of all patients, 57% were boys and the age (mean±SD) was 4.01±0.9 years. The age of onset of recurrent wheezing episodes (mean±SD) was 14.9±11.9 months. There were no statistical differences between groups in age, gender, gestational age and birth weight, age of first wheezing episode, ED visits, severe wheezing exacerbations or hospitalisation, use of oral steroids, ICS and salbutamol use, RSV infection and respiratory illnesses (pneumonia, acute media otitis and croup) by parent report (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>). No differences in parental education, siblings, day care attendance, type of fuel for heating, dampness, and pets, were found (data not shown).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>The median [IQR] of urinary LTE4 was significantly higher among preschoolers with positive vs. negative API (7.18 [5.57–8.96pg/ml] vs. 6.42 [3.96–8.07pg/ml], p=0.02, respectively) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). There was no LTE4 undetectable measurement in any of the urine samples. The prevalence of Bcl I polymorphism of glucocorticoid receptor gene was similar between children with positive vs. negative API (34.8% vs. 38.9% for homozygote GG; 56.5% vs. 52.8% for heterozygote GC; and 8.7% vs. 8.3% for homozygote CC, respectively, p=0.94) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia>In the first logistic regression model after adjustment for co-variants (including all variables) urinary LTE4 levels still remain significantly associated with positive API (OR=1.56; CI 95% [1.15–2.13], p=0.004). The probability of having a positive API was also associated with older age, males, high frequency of wheezing, presence of carpet, cough with exercise, increased use of salbutamol and oral corticosteroids (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>). In a second model (including variables with p-values<0.1 in univariate analysis) the presence of cough with exercise and urinary LTE4 levels remains significantly directly associated with positive API (p=0.03 and p=0.01, respectively) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia>DiscussionThis study showed a significantly higher urinary LTE4 concentration in preschoolers with positive API compared to those with negative API. No differences in the prevalence of Bcl I polymorphism of the GCR were found between positive and negative API.Some studies have hypothesised a causal relationship between the presence of polymorphisms of glucocorticoid receptor gene with develop of asthma and sensitivity to glucocorticoids.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260">21</a> A study on Polish adults found a correlation between Bcl I polymorphism and the occurrence of asthma (e.g. frequency of polymorphism in 70 healthy subjects vs. 59 asthmatics was: 12.9% vs. 43.6% for GG, 47.1% vs. 45.5% for GC, and 40% vs. 10.9% for CC, p=0.00029); meaning that asthmatics had G allele significantly more often.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225">14</a> In contrast, Szczepankiewicz et al. did not find differences in the distribution of four polymorphisms of GCR gene (including the Bcl I) with the presence of asthma in Polish schoolchildren (n=113 asthmatic and n=123 healthy).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220">13</a> We did not find differences in the frequency of Bcl I polymorphism of the GCR between preschoolers with positive and negative API; however, since our population was preschoolers (e.g. more heterogeneous wheezing group), a bigger sample would need to confirm this finding and including a healthy group.We found a significantly higher level of urinary LTE4 among preschoolers with positive API in comparison to those with negative API. In contrast, Kott et al. did not find differences in urinary LTE4 concentrations between infants with history of parental asthma compared to those without parental asthma.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245">18</a> Another study showed that children with moderate to severe asthma have higher urinary LTE4 levels than healthy controls.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265">22</a> Unfortunately, we did not have a healthy group to compare their urinary LTE4 levels. Urinary LTE4 levels are elevated in other conditions such tobacco exposure, viral wheeze, RSV bronchiolitis, urticaria, atopic dermatitis, aspirin-induced asthma and exercise-induced asthma.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235">16,18,23–25</a> In our population no differences were found in the prevalence of tobacco exposure, RSV and respiratory illnesses between positive and negative API groups. Our patients with positive API had more often cough with exercise and most of them had atopic dermatitis as a major criteria of API. Urinary LTE4 levels also increase during exacerbation episodes and decrease to normal ranges during symptoms resolution.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235">16,26</a> In the present study, in order to not alter the urinary LTE4 levels, the samples were taken with at least 3 weeks free of exacerbations and without LTRA treatment for at least 2 weeks.It was reported that infants with positive API already have lower lung function.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290">27</a> Rabinotich et al. found a decrease of 5% in FEV1 per IQR increase in urinary LTE4 level and significant accompanied by increased use of bronchodilator.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295">28</a> In the present study, the increased use of salbutamol and urinary LTE4 level were independently associated with positive API (model 1). A recent randomised study comparing budesonide vs. montelukast for 24 weeks on preschoolers with recurrent wheezing (n=239) showed that budesonide and montelukast worked equally (improving clinical score) among those with negative API, but montelukast worked better in the positive API group.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300">29</a> In contrast, a study on preschoolers (n=238) with moderate-to-severe intermittent wheezing, episodic use of either budesonide or montelukast early in respiratory tract illnesses, improved symptoms and activity scores only in children with positive modified API.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">8</a> Whether our finding of higher urinary LTE4 concentration in preschoolers with positive API compared to those with negative API means to treat preschoolers (independently of their API condition) with ICS and to use LTRA only for those with positive API needs to be determined in future cross-over trials that include positive and negative API preschoolers.The present study has some limitations. First, although we reached the sample size for this specific Bcl I polymorphism for the GCR, the number is small and other polymorphisms of GCR gene need to be investigated. Second, even though a statistically significant higher LTE4 levels among preschoolers with positive than negative API was found, these results need to be taken carefully because an overlap exists. Studies with a bigger sample are needed to confirm this finding. Third, no healthy group was included. Fourth, only one sample of urinary LTE4 was measured in these preschoolers without LTRA treatment; therefore, it is possible that obtaining consecutive samples and without ICS treatment would give us a better approach for urinary LTE4 determination. Previous studies showed conflicting results about the effect of LTRA and ICS treatment on urinary LTE4 levels.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0305">30,31</a>In conclusion, preschoolers with recurrent wheezing and positive API have higher levels of urinary LTE4 than those with negative API. However, there were no differences in the prevalence of Bcl I polymorphism in the GCR between groups. Cross-over trials with LTRA and ICS in preschoolers with positive and negative API need to be performed to determine the best choice to treat these populations (ICS or LTRA).FundingThis study has been sponsored by the Research Grant (#PG 12/11) from Dirección de Investigación Médica, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.Conflict of interestsDr. Castro-Rodriguez has participated as a lecturer, advisor, and speaker in scientific meetings and courses under the sponsorship of AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and Novartis. The other authors declare they have no conflict of interests.Ethical disclosuresConfidentiality of dataThe authors declare that no patient data appears in this article.Right to privacy and informed consentThe authors have obtained the informed consent of the patients and/or subjects mentioned in the article. The author for correspondence is in possession of this document.Protection of human subjects and animals in researchThe authors declare that the procedures followed were in accordance with the regulations of the responsible Clinical Research Ethics Committee and in accordance with those of the World Medical Association and the Helsinki Declaration.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tb0005"></elsevierMultimedia>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:12 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres594879" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Background" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Results" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec609806" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec609807" "titulo" => "Abbreviations" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Materials and methods" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Statistical analysis" ] ] ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Results" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Conflict of interests" ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Ethical disclosures" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Confidentiality of data" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Right to privacy and informed consent" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Protection of human subjects and animals in research" ] ] ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack200115" "titulo" => "Acknowledgments" ] 11 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2015-01-09" "fechaAceptado" => "2015-02-12" "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [ "en" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec609806" "palabras" => array:7 [ 0 => "Asthma Predictive Index" 1 => "Urinary leukotriene" 2 => "Preschoolers" 3 => "Wheezing" 4 => "Asthma" 5 => "Bcl I polymorphism" 6 => "Glucocorticoid receptor gene" ] ] 1 => array:4 [ "clase" => "abr" "titulo" => "Abbreviations" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec609807" "palabras" => array:8 [ 0 => "API" 1 => "LTE4" 2 => "LTRA" 3 => "ICS" 4 => "GCR" 5 => "GCS" 6 => "IQR" 7 => "RSV" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:1 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "BackgroundUrinary leukotriene (LTE4) is an important marker of airway inflammation presence. A relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism in the glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) gene promoter (Bcl I polymorphism), development of asthma and sensitivity to glucocorticoids has been hypothesised. ObjectiveTo explore the possible association between the Bcl I polymorphism and baseline levels of urinary LTE4 in preschoolers with recurrent wheezing episodes. We prospectively enrolled and classified 86 preschoolers based on the risk of developing asthma (by the Asthma Predictive Index [API]). MethodsAt admission standardised questionnaires for demographics and respiratory illness characteristics were completed. The Bcl I polymorphism of the GCR was determined by a PCR–RFLP assay from blood samples, and urinary leukotriene was assessed from urine samples by an enzyme immunoassay. ResultsWe enrolled 86 preschoolers (46 with positive API and 40 with negative API). There were no statistical differences in demographic, respiratory illnesses and wheezing episodes characteristics between both groups. Also, the prevalence of Bcl I polymorphism was similar between positive vs. negative API groups (34.8% vs. 38.9% for homozygote GG, 56.5% vs. 52.8% for heterozygote GC, 8.7% vs. 8.3% for homozygote CC, respectively, p=0.94). However, urinary LTE4 (median [IQR]) was higher in preschoolers with positive than negative API (7.18 [5.57–8.96pg/ml] vs. 6.42 [3.96–8.07pg/ml], p=0.02, respectively). ConclusionsIn our population, wheezing preschoolers with positive API exhibit higher levels of urinary LTE4 than those with negative API; but there were no differences in Bcl I polymorphism of the GCR." "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Background" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Results" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "The data was partially presented in the ATS Annual Congress, San Diego, CA, 2014." ] ] "multimedia" => array:5 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1570 "Ancho" => 1664 "Tamanyo" => 70458 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Urinary LTE4 level (pg/ml) between cases (positive API) and controls (negative API)." ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "Numbers are expressed as mean±SD or % when correspond.API=Asthma Predictive Index; RSV=respiratory syncytial virus; ED=emergency department." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">CasesPositive APIn=46 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ControlsNegative APIn=40 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p-Value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Males gender \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">59.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">40.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.27 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Age (years) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.87±0.90 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4.18±0.84 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.06 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Age of onset wheezing (months) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14.52±11.52 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">15.41±12.60 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.39 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Gestational age (weeks) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">38.63±1.80 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">38.11±1.89 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.21 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Frequency of wheezing in last year \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.80±2.74 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4.08±2.86 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.65 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Severity of wheezing:</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.56 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Mild \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">34.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">46.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Moderate \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">50.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">43.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Severe \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">15.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Seasonality of wheezing:</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Winter \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">43.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">36.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Spring and summer \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">All seasons \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">43.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">60.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">RSV infection \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">32.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">27.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.64 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Cough with exercise \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">80.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">60 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.056 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Inhaled corticosteroids use:</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.95 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">26.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">22.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Regular (≥70%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">58.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">62.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Irregular (<70%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">15.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">15.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Oral corticosteroids use \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">69.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">57.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.79 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top">Salbutamol use:</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.77 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Occasional (<30%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">20.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Irregular (30–70%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">41.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">42.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Regular (≥70%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">47.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">37.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ED visit for exacerbation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">64.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">66.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.71 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Hospitalisation for exacerbation \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">21.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">15.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.34 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Tobacco exposure \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">48.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">51.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.51 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Carpet \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">39.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">22.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top">Respiratory illnesses:</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">None \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">17.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">20.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Pneumonia \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">43.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">42.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Otitis, croup or sinusitis \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">39.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">37.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab972731.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Demographic and respiratory illnesses characteristics between cases (+API) and controls (−API)." ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "Numbers are expressed as % or median [IQR] correspondingly.API: Asthma Predictive Index; LTE4: leukotriene E4." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">CasesPositive APIn=46 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ControlsNegative APIn=40 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p-Value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Bcl I polymorphism: \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.94 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Homozygote GG \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">34.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">38.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Heterozygote GC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">56.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">52.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Homozygote CC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">8.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Urinary LTE4 (pg/ml): \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7.18 [5.57–8.96] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">6.42 [3.96–8.07] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.02 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab972733.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Comparison of Bcl I polymorphism of glucocorticoid receptor gene and urinary LTE4 levels between cases (positive API) and controls (negative API)." ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "API: Asthma Predictive Index; LTE4: leukotriene E4." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Coef. B \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">95% CI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p-Value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">Model 1</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Age \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−1.623 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.197 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">[0.073–0.530] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Gender (female) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−1.590 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.204 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">[0.048–0.866] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.031 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Frequency of wheezing \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.517 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.596 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">[0.390–0.910] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.017 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Cough with exercise \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.967 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7.149 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">[1.564–32.675] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.011 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Salbutamol used \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.600 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4.953 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">[1.701–14.423] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.003 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Oral corticosteroids used \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.771 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.162 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">[1.165–4.014] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.015 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Carpet \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.602 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4.962 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">[1.095–22.491] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.038 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Urinary LTE4 level \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.450 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.568 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">[1.151–2.136] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.004 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top">Model 2</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Cough with exercise \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.186 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.275 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">[1.085–9.888] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.035 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Carpet \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.051 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.862 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">[0.919–8.910] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.070 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Urinary LTE4 level \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.253 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.288 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">[1.048–1.583] \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.016 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab972732.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Multivariate logistic regression for positive API condition." ] ] 4 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "tb0005" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATEXTO" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "texto" => array:1 [ "textoCompleto" => "What is already known about this topic?<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005">•The risk of developing asthma among those preschoolers can be determined using clinical parameters such as the Asthma Predictive Index (API).</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010">•The Bcl I polymorphism of glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) gene has been associated with an increased risk of asthma, and urinary LTE4 has been used as a marker of airway inflammation presence.</li></ul>What does this article add to our knowledge?<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0010"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015">•Preschoolers wheezing with positive API exhibit higher levels of urinary LTE4 than those with negative API; but there were no differences in Bcl I polymorphism of the GCR.</li></ul>How does this study impact current management guidelines?<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0015"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020">•Cross-over trials with LTRA and ICS in preschoolers with positive and negative API need to be performed to determine the best choice to treat these populations.</li></ul>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:31 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0160" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The Asthma Predictive Index: early diagnosis of asthma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "J.A. Castro-Rodriguez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283464c4a" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "11" "paginaInicial" => "157" "paginaFinal" => "161" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21464709" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0165" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Asthma outcomes: biomarkers" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S.J. Szefler" 1 => "S. Wenzel" 2 => "R. Brown" 3 => "S.C. Erzurum" 4 => "J.V. Fahy" 5 => "R.G. Hamilton" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.979" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Allergy Clin Immunol" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "129" "paginaInicial" => "S9" "paginaFinal" => "S23" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22386512" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0170" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A clinical index to define risk of asthma in young children with recurrent wheezing" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "J.A. Castro-Rodriguez" 1 => "C.J. Holberg" 2 => "A.L. Wrigth" 3 => "F.D. Martínez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.162.4.9912111" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "162" "paginaInicial" => "1403" "paginaFinal" => "1406" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11029352" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0175" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Predicting who will have asthma at school age among preschool children" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "O.E. Savenije" 1 => "M. Kerkhof" 2 => "G.H. Koppelman" 3 => "D.S. Postma" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jaci.2012.05.007" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Allergy Clin Immunol" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "130" "paginaInicial" => "325" "paginaFinal" => "331" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22704537" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0180" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The Asthma Predictive Index: a very useful tool for predicting asthma in young children" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "J.A. Castro-Rodriguez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jaci.2010.06.032" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Allergy Clin Immunol" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "126" "paginaInicial" => "212" "paginaFinal" => "216" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20624655" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0185" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Discriminative properties of two predictive indices for asthma diagnosis in a sample of preschoolers with recurrent wheezing" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "C. Rodríguez-Martínez" 1 => "M. Sossa-Briceño" 2 => "J.A. Castro-Rodríguez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/ppul.21493" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Pulmonol" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "46" "paginaInicial" => "1175" "paginaFinal" => "1181" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21626716" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0190" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Infantile and preschool asthma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "J.A. Castro-Rodriguez" 1 => "E. Rodríguez Carlos" 2 => "A. Custovic" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir Monogr" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "56" "paginaInicial" => "10" "paginaFinal" => "21" ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0195" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Episodic use of an inhaled corticosteroid or leukotriene receptor antagonist in preschool children with moderate to severe intermittent wheezing" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "L.B. Bacharier" 1 => "B.R. Phillips" 2 => "R.S. Zeiger" 3 => "S.J. Szefler" 4 => "F.D. Martinez" 5 => "R.F. Lemanske Jr." ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jaci.2008.09.029" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Allergy Clin Immunol" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "122" "paginaInicial" => "1127" "paginaFinal" => "1135" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18973936" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0200" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Intermittent or daily montelukast versus placebo for episodic asthma in children" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "E. Valovirta" 1 => "M.L. Boza" 2 => "C.F. Robertson" 3 => "N. Verbruggen" 4 => "S.S. Smugar" 5 => "L.M. Nelsen" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.anai.2011.01.017" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "106" "paginaInicial" => "518" "paginaFinal" => "526" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21624752" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0205" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Global strategy for the diagnosis and management of asthma in children 5 years and younger" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S.E. Pedersen" 1 => "S.S. Hurd" 2 => "R.F. Lemanske Jr." 3 => "A. Becker" 4 => "H.J. Zar" 5 => "P.D. Sly" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/ppul.21321" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Pulmonol" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "46" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "17" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20963782" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0210" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Identification of the Bcl I polymorphism in the glucocorticoid receptor gene: association with sensitivity to glucocorticoids in vivo and body mass index" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "E.F. Van Rossum" 1 => "J.W. Koper" 2 => "A.W. Van den Beld" 3 => "A.G. Uitterlinden" 4 => "P. Arp" 5 => "W. Ester" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Endocrinol" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "59" "paginaInicial" => "585" "paginaFinal" => "592" ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0215" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "High resolution melting (HRM) analysis for the detection of ER22/23EK, Bcl I, and N363S polymorphisms of the glucocorticoid receptor gene" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "P. Maltese" 1 => "E. Canestrari" 2 => "L. Palma" 3 => "A. Ruzzo" 4 => "F. Corini" 5 => "M. Menotta" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jsbmb.2009.01.012" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "113" "paginaInicial" => "269" "paginaFinal" => "274" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19429432" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0220" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "No association of glucocorticoid receptor polymorphisms with asthma and response to glucocorticoids" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "A. Szczepankiewicz" 1 => "A. Bręborowicz" 2 => "P. Sobkowiak" 3 => "A. Popiel" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Adv Med Sci" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "5" "paginaInicial" => "245" "paginaFinal" => "250" ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0225" "etiqueta" => "14" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The Bcl I single nucleotide polymorphism of the human glucocorticoid receptor gene h-GR/NR3C1 promoter in patients with bronchial asthma: pilot study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "T. Pietras" 1 => "M. Panek" 2 => "D. Tworek" 3 => "K. Oszajca" 4 => "R. Wujcik" 5 => "P. Górski" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s11033-010-0512-5" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Mol Biol Rep" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "38" "paginaInicial" => "3953" "paginaFinal" => "3958" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21113676" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0230" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Pediatric biomarkers in asthma: exhaled nitric oxide, sputum eosinophils and leukotriene E4" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "S. Gogate" 1 => "R. Katial" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/ACI.0b013e3282f60f61" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "8" "paginaInicial" => "154" "paginaFinal" => "157" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18317025" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0235" "etiqueta" => "16" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Increase in urinary leukotriene LTE4 levels in acute asthma: correlation with airflow limitation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "S.A. Green" 1 => "M.P. Malice" 2 => "W. Tanaka" 3 => "C.A. Tozzi" 4 => "T.F. Reiss" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Thorax" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "59" "paginaInicial" => "100" "paginaFinal" => "104" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14760145" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0240" "etiqueta" => "17" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Reference urinary LTE4 levels in normal individuals: a pilot study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "R.W. Dal Negro" 1 => "M. Visconti" 2 => "C. Micheletto" 3 => "S. Tognella" 4 => "M. Guerriero" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "43" "paginaInicial" => "22" "paginaFinal" => "28" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21409858" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0245" "etiqueta" => "18" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effect of secondhand cigarette smoke, RSV bronchiolitis and parental asthma on urinary cysteinyl LTE4" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "K.S. Kott" 1 => "B.H. Salt" 2 => "R.J. McDonald" 3 => "S. Jhawar" 4 => "J.M. Bric" 5 => "J.P. Joad" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/ppul.20853" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Pulmonol" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "43" "paginaInicial" => "760" "paginaFinal" => "766" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18615667" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0250" "etiqueta" => "19" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Elevated urinary leukotriene E4 excretion in asthma: a comparison of HPLC-mass spectrometry and ELISA" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "M. Sanak" 1 => "G. Bochenek" 2 => "J. Faber" 3 => "H. Plutecka" 4 => "A. Szczeklik" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02200.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Allergy" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "65" "paginaInicial" => "662" "paginaFinal" => "664" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19839978" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0255" "etiqueta" => "20" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The prevalence of nasal polyps and the corresponding urinary LTE4 levels in severe compared to mild and moderate asthma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "C. Micheletto" 1 => "M. Visconti" 2 => "F. Trevisan" 3 => "S. Tognella" 4 => "S. Bertacco" 5 => "R.W. Dal Negro" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "42" "paginaInicial" => "120" "paginaFinal" => "124" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20648775" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0260" "etiqueta" => "21" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "RFLP for the glucocorticoid receptor (GRL) located at 5q11–5q13" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "J.C. Murray" 1 => "R.F. Smith" 2 => "H.A. Ardiner" 3 => "C. Weinberger" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Nucleic Acids Res" "fecha" => "1987" "volumen" => "15" "paginaInicial" => "6765" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2888091" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0265" "etiqueta" => "22" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Urinary excretion of leukotriene E4 and eosinophil protein X in children with atopic asthma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "C. Severien" 1 => "A. Artlich" 2 => "S. Jonas" 3 => "G. Becher" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "16" "paginaInicial" => "588" "paginaFinal" => "592" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11106196" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0270" "etiqueta" => "23" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Urinary leukotriene E4 levels identify children with tobacco smoke exposure at risk for asthma exacerbation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "N. Rabinovitch" 1 => "N. Reisdorph" 2 => "L. Silveira" 3 => "E.W. Gelfand" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jaci.2011.05.035" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Allergy Clin Immunol" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "128" "paginaInicial" => "323" "paginaFinal" => "327" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21807251" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0022510X11000979" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "0022510X" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 23 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0275" "etiqueta" => "24" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Urinary leukotriene excretion profile in children with exercise-induced asthma compared with controls: a preliminary study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "P.E. Brockmann" 1 => "J.A. Castro-Rodriguez" 2 => "N.L. Holmgren" 3 => "J. Cerda" 4 => "A. María Contreras" 5 => "A. Moya" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Allergol Immunopathol (Madr)" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "40" "paginaInicial" => "181" "paginaFinal" => "186" ] ] ] ] ] ] 24 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0280" "etiqueta" => "25" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Clinical evaluation of urinary leukotrienes E4 levels in children with atopic dermatitis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "A. Fathy Manal" 1 => "A. Fathy Hanan" 2 => "M. Alkady Manal" 3 => "A. Elmenshawy Amal" 4 => "A. Awad Seham" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Acad Res" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "2" "paginaInicial" => "165" "paginaFinal" => "169" ] ] ] ] ] ] 25 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0285" "etiqueta" => "26" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Urinary leukotriene E4 in preschool children with acute clinical viral wheeze" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "A. Oommen" 1 => "J. Grigg" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "21" "paginaInicial" => "149" "paginaFinal" => "154" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12570124" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 26 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0290" "etiqueta" => "27" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Do risk factors for persistent asthma modify lung function in infants and young children with recurrent wheeze?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "E. Keklikian" 1 => "M. Sanchez-Solis" 2 => "A.J. Bonina" 3 => "A. Meneguzzi" 4 => "M.D. Pastor-Vivero" 5 => "P. Mondejar-Lopez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/ppul.21260" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Pulmonol" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "45" "paginaInicial" => "914" "paginaFinal" => "918" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20672359" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 27 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0295" "etiqueta" => "28" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Urine leukotriene E4 levels are associated with decreased pulmonary function in children with persistent airway obstruction" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "N. Rabinovitch" 1 => "L. Zhang" 2 => "E.W. Gelfand" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.05.011" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Allergy Clin Immunol" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "118" "paginaInicial" => "635" "paginaFinal" => "640" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16950282" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 28 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0300" "etiqueta" => "29" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "[Application of Asthma Predictive Index-based group therapy in wheezing children under 5 years of age]" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "Y.Q. Li" 1 => "H.Y. Xue" 2 => "W. Chen" 3 => "L.F. Cao" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "16" "paginaInicial" => "795" "paginaFinal" => "799" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25140770" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 29 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0305" "etiqueta" => "30" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Urinary leukotriene E4/exhaled nitric oxide ratio and montelukast response in childhood asthma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "N. Rabinovitch" 1 => "N.J. Graber" 2 => "V.M. Chinchilli" 3 => "C.A. Sorkness" 4 => "R.S. Zeiger" 5 => "R.C. Strunk" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jaci.2010.07.008" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Allergy Clin Immunol" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "126" "paginaInicial" => "545" "paginaFinal" => "551" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20816189" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 30 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0310" "etiqueta" => "31" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Beclomethasone dipropionate blunts allergen-induced early increase in urinary LTE4" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M.L. Bartoli" 1 => "F.L. Dente" 2 => "L. Bancalari" 3 => "E. Bacci" 4 => "S. Cianchetti" 5 => "A. Di Franco" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1365-2362.2010.02297.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Clin Invest" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "40" "paginaInicial" => "566" "paginaFinal" => "569" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20456484" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "agradecimientos" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "identificador" => "xack200115" "titulo" => "Acknowledgments" "texto" => "We thank Mr. Oslando Padilla Pérez, MSc. for statistical support, and Mr. Anthony Carlson for his English editorial assistance." "vista" => "all" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/03010546/0000004400000001/v1_201601070106/S0301054615000567/v1_201601070106/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "6702" "tipo" => "SECCION" "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Original articles" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/03010546/0000004400000001/v1_201601070106/S0301054615000567/v1_201601070106/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0301054615000567?idApp=UINPBA00004N"]

Statistics

Original Article

M. Moralesa, C. Floresa, K. Pinob, J. Angulob, M. López-Lastrab, J.A. Castro-Rodrigueza,

Corresponding author

jacastro17@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.

a Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

b Molecular Virology Laboratory/Instituto Milenio de Inmunologia e Inmunoterapia, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

Read

2024

Times
was read the article

584

Total PDF

1440

Total HTML

Share statistics

 array:23 [
  "pii" => "S0301054615000567"
  "issn" => "03010546"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.aller.2015.02.003"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2016-01-01"
  "aid" => "682"
  "copyright" => "SEICAP"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2015"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 1
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Allergol  Immunopathol &#40;Madr&#41;. 2016;44:59-65"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 368
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 10
      "HTML" => 142
      "PDF" => 216
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S0301054615000907"
    "issn" => "03010546"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.aller.2015.04.004"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2016-01-01"
    "aid" => "691"
    "copyright" => "SEICAP"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Allergol  Immunopathol &#40;Madr&#41;. 2016;44:66-75"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 1228
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 12
        "HTML" => 739
        "PDF" => 477
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:12 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Induction of nasal polyps using house dust mite and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcal</span> enterotoxin B in C57BL&#47;6 mice"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => "en"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "66"
          "paginaFinal" => "75"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0015"
          "etiqueta" => "Figure 3"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 3239
              "Ancho" => 2574
              "Tamanyo" => 604256
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Representative sections of eosinophilic infiltration and total IgE production&#46; &#40;A&#8211;D&#41; The presence of eosinophils was detected in groups B&#44; C and D&#46; Increased numbers of eosinophils were observed in groups C and D&#44; with no significant difference in eosinophil distributions between groups C and D&#46; &#40;E&#41; The numbers of eosinophils infiltrating the nasal mucosa were counted based on the Sirius red-stained sections&#46; Data are expressed as means<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&#46; &#40;F&#41; The level of total IgE from serum was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay &#40;ELISA&#41;&#46; Data are expressed as means<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SEM&#46; &#42;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#44; compared to group A &#40;control&#41;&#59; &#35;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#44; compared to group B &#40;HDM&#41;&#59; Mann&#8211;Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> test&#46; Scale bar<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "R&#46; Khalmuratova, M&#46; Lee, D&#46;W&#46; Kim, J&#46;-W&#46; Park, H&#46;-W&#46; Shin"
          "autores" => array:5 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "R&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Khalmuratova"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Lee"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "D&#46;W&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Kim"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;-W&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Park"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "H&#46;-W&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Shin"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0301054615000907?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/03010546/0000004400000001/v1_201601070106/S0301054615000907/v1_201601070106/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S030105461500097X"
    "issn" => "03010546"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.aller.2015.04.010"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2016-01-01"
    "aid" => "698"
    "copyright" => "SEICAP"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Allergol  Immunopathol &#40;Madr&#41;. 2016;44:54-8"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 651
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 13
        "HTML" => 230
        "PDF" => 408
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Prevalence of adverse reactions following a passed oral food challenge and factors affecting successful re-introduction of foods&#46; A retrospective study of a cohort of 199 children"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => "en"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "54"
          "paginaFinal" => "58"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "S&#46; Miceli Sopo, S&#46; Monaco, M&#46; Greco, R&#46; Onesimo"
          "autores" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "S&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Miceli Sopo"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "S&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Monaco"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Greco"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "R&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Onesimo"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S030105461500097X?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/03010546/0000004400000001/v1_201601070106/S030105461500097X/v1_201601070106/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:20 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Article</span>"
    "titulo" => "Urinary leukotriene and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bcl</span> I polymorphism of glucocorticoid receptor gene in preschoolers with recurrent wheezing and high risk of asthma"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "59"
        "paginaFinal" => "65"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "M&#46; Morales, C&#46; Flores, K&#46; Pino, J&#46; Angulo, M&#46; L&#243;pez-Lastra, J&#46;A&#46; Castro-Rodriguez"
        "autores" => array:6 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "M&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Morales"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "C&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Flores"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "K&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Pino"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "J&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Angulo"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "M&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "L&#243;pez-Lastra"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          5 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "J&#46;A&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Castro-Rodriguez"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "jacastro17&#64;hotmail&#46;com"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:2 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Department of Pediatrics&#44; School of Medicine&#44; Pontificia Universidad Cat&#243;lica de Chile&#44; Santiago&#44; Chile"
            "etiqueta" => "a"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Molecular Virology Laboratory&#47;Instituto Milenio de Inmunologia e Inmunoterapia&#44; School of Medicine&#44; Pontificia Universidad Cat&#243;lica de Chile&#44; Santiago&#44; Chile"
            "etiqueta" => "b"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
      "original" => 0
      "multimedia" => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1570
            "Ancho" => 1664
            "Tamanyo" => 70458
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Urinary LTE4 level &#40;pg&#47;ml&#41; between cases &#40;positive API&#41; and controls &#40;negative API&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the majority of asthma cases&#44; symptoms begin during the first years of life&#46; Recurrent wheezing is an important problem in young children&#59; fortunately&#44; it is estimated that only 30&#37; of preschoolers with recurrent wheezing still have asthma at the age of 6 years&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> However&#44; diagnosis of asthma at this age is difficult&#44; and the use of genetic or biochemical markers for asthma diagnosis remains controversial&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> The risk of developing asthma among those preschoolers with recurrent wheezing can be determined using clinical parameters such as the Asthma Predictive Index &#40;API&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#8211;6</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nevertheless&#44; it has not been clearly determined if those preschoolers with recurrent wheezing and high risk of developing asthma &#40;namely positive API&#41; would have a better response to inhaled corticosteroids &#40;ICS&#41; or to leukotriene receptor antagonist &#40;LTRA&#41; treatment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#8211;9</span></a> An international guideline proposed to start with ICS as a first line of treatment and if there was no response&#44; to change to LTRA&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sensitivity to glucocorticoids has been associated with a single nucleotide polymorphism &#40;SNP&#41; within the glucocorticoid receptor &#40;GCR&#41; gene promoter &#40;located on chromosome 5q31-q32&#44; of nine exons&#41;&#46; From these&#44; the SNP known as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bcl</span> I polymorphism has been associated with an increased risk of asthma and sensitivity to glucocorticoids&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#8211;13</span></a> Patients harbouring the minor allele G versus the C allele develop asthma more frequently&#44; indicating that the presence of the major allele C is associated with a reduced risk of the disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cysteinyl leukotrienes &#40;LTC4&#44; LTD4&#44; and LTE4&#41; play a role in the chronic inflammatory response of airways&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;16</span></a> LTE4&#44; the main metabolite of leukotriene metabolism&#44; is excreted in urine<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#59; and has been used as a marker of airway inflammation presence&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#8211;20</span></a> However&#44; urinary concentrations of LTE4 and its association with some clinical parameters have not been fully studied&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aim of the present study was to determine the possible association between the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bcl</span> I polymorphism of the GCR and the levels of urinary LTE4 in a group of preschoolers with recurrent wheezing episodes &#40;positive or negative API&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Materials and methods</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We performed a case&#8211;control study in which patients aged 2&#8211;5 years old with recurrent wheezing episodes &#40;&#8805;3 episodes&#47;year diagnosed by physician&#41; and without treatment with LTRA for at least 2 weeks&#44; were sequentially invited to participate in the study&#46; Patients with positive stringent API index &#40;one of two major criteria &#91;eczema or parental asthma&#93; or two of three minor criteria &#91;allergic rhinitis&#44; wheezing without colds or eosinophilia &#8805;4&#37;&#93;&#41; were considered <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cases</span>&#44; while patients with negative API were considered <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">controls</span>&#46; Exclusion criteria included patients with chronic respiratory illness &#40;e&#46;g&#46; cystic fibrosis&#44; bronchopulmonary dysplasia&#44; bronchiolitis obliterans&#44; primary ciliary dyskinesia&#44; etc&#46;&#41;&#44; cardiopulmonary congenital diseases&#44; gastro-oesophageal reflux or history of any acute respiratory infection in the 3 weeks prior to enrolling&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After explaining the purpose of the study&#44; written informed consent was obtained from parents or guardians of the patient&#46; Data were recorded by a standardised questionnaire and a review of clinical records&#44; including demographic data&#44; age of onset of recurrent wheezing&#44; frequency of episodes in the previous year&#44; severity&#44; parental report of respiratory illnesses &#40;e&#46;g&#46; respiratory syncytial virus &#40;RSV&#41; infection&#44; pneumonia&#44; acute media otitis and croup&#41;&#44; anti-asthmatic medication used&#44; visits to emergency department &#40;ED&#41;&#44; hospitalisations&#44; family history of asthma&#47;allergic disease and environmental factors &#40;dampness&#44; carpets&#44; pets&#44; tobacco exposure and fuel for heating&#41;&#46; At enrolment a total peripheral blood sample for eosinophil and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bcl</span> I polymorphism of the GCR determination was obtained&#46; Samples were frozen at &#8722;80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C until processing&#46; The genetic material &#40;DNA&#41; was isolated using a QIAamp DNA Minikit &#40;QIAGEN<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#44; Valencia&#44; CA&#44; US&#41; according to the manufacturer&#39;s specifications&#46; Amplification of the DNA segments for the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bcl</span> I polymorphism of the GCR was conducted using a forward primer &#40;5&#8242;-CACCAATTCCTCTCTTAAAGAGATG-3&#8242;&#41; and reverse primer &#40;5&#8242;-AGCAGAAGTACTAACAAAGAGCCC-3&#8242;&#41; by polymerase chain reaction&#8211;restriction fragment length polymorphism &#40;PCR&#8211;RFLP&#41; assay&#46; The amplification was then incubated with a specific restriction enzyme &#40;SfaNI&#44; Fermentas&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> Vilnius&#44; Lithuania&#41; for the allele discrimination and samples resolved on acrylamide gel and were visualised by staining with silver nitrate &#40;determination of homozygous or heterozygous allele&#41;&#46; Simultaneously&#44; urine samples were collected &#40;by spontaneous urination or by urine collector&#41; for the determination of urinary LTE4 levels&#46; Urine samples were then frozen at &#8722;70<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C and saved until all samples were processed&#46; LTE4 in urine was measured by ACETM &#40;Enzyme Inmunoassay Kit&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> Cayman Chemical&#44; Ann Arbour&#44; MI&#44; USA&#41;&#44; according to manufacturer&#39;s recommendations&#46; Urinary LTE4 concentration was reported in pg&#47;ml&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study was approved by the ethical committee of the Pontificia Universidad Cat&#243;lica de Chile &#40;&#35; 11&#8211;038&#41;&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A sample size of 41 patients in each group was calculated with a power of 80&#37; and confidence level of 95&#37; for the polymorphism outcome&#46; Comparison of variables between cases &#40;positive API&#41; and controls &#40;negative API&#41; was performed using the chi<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> test or Fischer test for categorical variables&#59; and the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test or Mann&#8211;Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span>-test for continuous variables with or without normal distribution&#44; respectively&#46; Levene test was used for assumptions of normality and equal variances&#46; Continuous variables with normal distribution were described as mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&#44; and those without normal distribution as median and interquartile range &#91;IQR&#93; &#40;25&#8211;75 percentiles&#41;&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-Values<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05 were considered to indicate a significant difference&#46; A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine which variables were associated with positive API condition &#40;dependent variable&#41;&#46; Two models were tested&#58; the first model including all the variables as independent&#44; and the second including only those with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> value<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;1 in the univariate analysis&#46; Statistical analyses were performed using statistical software &#40;SPSS<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> v&#46;17&#44; IBM&#44; Armonk&#44; NY&#44; USA&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Results</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Eighty-six out of 101 &#40;85&#37;&#41; preschoolers invited agree to participate&#46; We enrolled 86 preschoolers &#40;46 cases and 40 controls&#41;&#46; Of all patients&#44; 57&#37; were boys and the age &#40;mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&#41; was 4&#46;01<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;9 years&#46; The age of onset of recurrent wheezing episodes &#40;mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&#41; was 14&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#46;9 months&#46; There were no statistical differences between groups in age&#44; gender&#44; gestational age and birth weight&#44; age of first wheezing episode&#44; ED visits&#44; severe wheezing exacerbations or hospitalisation&#44; use of oral steroids&#44; ICS and salbutamol use&#44; RSV infection and respiratory illnesses &#40;pneumonia&#44; acute media otitis and croup&#41; by parent report &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; No differences in parental education&#44; siblings&#44; day care attendance&#44; type of fuel for heating&#44; dampness&#44; and pets&#44; were found &#40;data not shown&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The median &#91;IQR&#93; of urinary LTE4 was significantly higher among preschoolers with positive vs&#46; negative API &#40;7&#46;18 &#91;5&#46;57&#8211;8&#46;96<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;ml&#93; vs&#46; 6&#46;42 &#91;3&#46;96&#8211;8&#46;07<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;ml&#93;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;02&#44; respectively&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; There was no LTE4 undetectable measurement in any of the urine samples&#46; The prevalence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bcl</span> I polymorphism of glucocorticoid receptor gene was similar between children with positive vs&#46; negative API &#40;34&#46;8&#37; vs&#46; 38&#46;9&#37; for homozygote GG&#59; 56&#46;5&#37; vs&#46; 52&#46;8&#37; for heterozygote GC&#59; and 8&#46;7&#37; vs&#46; 8&#46;3&#37; for homozygote CC&#44; respectively&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;94&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the first logistic regression model after adjustment for co-variants &#40;including all variables&#41; urinary LTE4 levels still remain significantly associated with positive API &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;56&#59; CI 95&#37; &#91;1&#46;15&#8211;2&#46;13&#93;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;004&#41;&#46; The probability of having a positive API was also associated with older age&#44; males&#44; high frequency of wheezing&#44; presence of carpet&#44; cough with exercise&#44; increased use of salbutamol and oral corticosteroids &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46; In a second model &#40;including variables with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-values<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;1 in univariate analysis&#41; the presence of cough with exercise and urinary LTE4 levels remains significantly directly associated with positive API &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;03 and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#44; respectively&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Discussion</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study showed a significantly higher urinary LTE4 concentration in preschoolers with positive API compared to those with negative API&#46; No differences in the prevalence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bcl</span> I polymorphism of the GCR were found between positive and negative API&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Some studies have hypothesised a causal relationship between the presence of polymorphisms of glucocorticoid receptor gene with develop of asthma and sensitivity to glucocorticoids&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> A study on Polish adults found a correlation between <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bcl</span> I polymorphism and the occurrence of asthma &#40;e&#46;g&#46; frequency of polymorphism in 70 healthy subjects vs&#46; 59 asthmatics was&#58; 12&#46;9&#37; vs&#46; 43&#46;6&#37; for GG&#44; 47&#46;1&#37; vs&#46; 45&#46;5&#37; for GC&#44; and 40&#37; vs&#46; 10&#46;9&#37; for CC&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;00029&#41;&#59; meaning that asthmatics had G allele significantly more often&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> In contrast&#44; Szczepankiewicz et al&#46; did not find differences in the distribution of four polymorphisms of GCR gene &#40;including the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bcl</span> I&#41; with the presence of asthma in Polish schoolchildren &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>113 asthmatic and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>123 healthy&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> We did not find differences in the frequency of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bcl</span> I polymorphism of the GCR between preschoolers with positive and negative API&#59; however&#44; since our population was preschoolers &#40;e&#46;g&#46; more heterogeneous wheezing group&#41;&#44; a bigger sample would need to confirm this finding and including a healthy group&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We found a significantly higher level of urinary LTE4 among preschoolers with positive API in comparison to those with negative API&#46; In contrast&#44; Kott et al&#46; did not find differences in urinary LTE4 concentrations between infants with history of parental asthma compared to those without parental asthma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> Another study showed that children with moderate to severe asthma have higher urinary LTE4 levels than healthy controls&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> Unfortunately&#44; we did not have a healthy group to compare their urinary LTE4 levels&#46; Urinary LTE4 levels are elevated in other conditions such tobacco exposure&#44; viral wheeze&#44; RSV bronchiolitis&#44; urticaria&#44; atopic dermatitis&#44; aspirin-induced asthma and exercise-induced asthma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#44;18&#44;23&#8211;25</span></a> In our population no differences were found in the prevalence of tobacco exposure&#44; RSV and respiratory illnesses between positive and negative API groups&#46; Our patients with positive API had more often cough with exercise and most of them had atopic dermatitis as a major criteria of API&#46; Urinary LTE4 levels also increase during exacerbation episodes and decrease to normal ranges during symptoms resolution&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#44;26</span></a> In the present study&#44; in order to not alter the urinary LTE4 levels&#44; the samples were taken with at least 3 weeks free of exacerbations and without LTRA treatment for at least 2 weeks&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It was reported that infants with positive API already have lower lung function&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> Rabinotich et al&#46; found a decrease of 5&#37; in FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> per IQR increase in urinary LTE4 level and significant accompanied by increased use of bronchodilator&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> In the present study&#44; the increased use of salbutamol and urinary LTE4 level were independently associated with positive API &#40;model 1&#41;&#46; A recent randomised study comparing budesonide vs&#46; montelukast for 24 weeks on preschoolers with recurrent wheezing &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>239&#41; showed that budesonide and montelukast worked equally &#40;improving clinical score&#41; among those with negative API&#44; but montelukast worked better in the positive API group&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> In contrast&#44; a study on preschoolers &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>238&#41; with moderate-to-severe intermittent wheezing&#44; episodic use of either budesonide or montelukast early in respiratory tract illnesses&#44; improved symptoms and activity scores only in children with positive modified API&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Whether our finding of higher urinary LTE4 concentration in preschoolers with positive API compared to those with negative API means to treat preschoolers &#40;independently of their API condition&#41; with ICS and to use LTRA only for those with positive API needs to be determined in future cross-over trials that include positive and negative API preschoolers&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present study has some limitations&#46; First&#44; although we reached the sample size for this specific <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bcl</span> I polymorphism for the GCR&#44; the number is small and other polymorphisms of GCR gene need to be investigated&#46; Second&#44; even though a statistically significant higher LTE4 levels among preschoolers with positive than negative API was found&#44; these results need to be taken carefully because an overlap exists&#46; Studies with a bigger sample are needed to confirm this finding&#46; Third&#44; no healthy group was included&#46; Fourth&#44; only one sample of urinary LTE4 was measured in these preschoolers without LTRA treatment&#59; therefore&#44; it is possible that obtaining consecutive samples and without ICS treatment would give us a better approach for urinary LTE4 determination&#46; Previous studies showed conflicting results about the effect of LTRA and ICS treatment on urinary LTE4 levels&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30&#44;31</span></a></p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; preschoolers with recurrent wheezing and positive API have higher levels of urinary LTE4 than those with negative API&#46; However&#44; there were no differences in the prevalence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bcl</span> I polymorphism in the GCR between groups&#46; Cross-over trials with LTRA and ICS in preschoolers with positive and negative API need to be performed to determine the best choice to treat these populations &#40;ICS or LTRA&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Funding</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study has been sponsored by the Research Grant &#40;&#35;PG 12&#47;11&#41; from <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs1">Direcci&#243;n de Investigaci&#243;n M&#233;dica&#44; School of Medicine&#44; Pontificia Universidad Cat&#243;lica de Chile</span>&#44; Santiago&#44; Chile&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dr&#46; Castro-Rodriguez has participated as a lecturer&#44; advisor&#44; and speaker in scientific meetings and courses under the sponsorship of AstraZeneca&#44; GlaxoSmithKline&#44; Merck Sharp &#38; Dohme&#44; and Novartis&#46; The other authors declare they have no conflict of interests&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Ethical disclosures</span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Confidentiality of data</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no patient data appears in this article&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have obtained the informed consent of the patients and&#47;or subjects mentioned in the article&#46; The author for correspondence is in possession of this document&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Protection of human subjects and animals in research</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that the procedures followed were in accordance with the regulations of the responsible Clinical Research Ethics Committee and in accordance with those of the World Medical Association and the Helsinki Declaration&#46;<elsevierMultimedia ident="tb0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p></span></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:12 [
        0 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres594879"
          "titulo" => "Abstract"
          "secciones" => array:5 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0005"
              "titulo" => "Background"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0010"
              "titulo" => "Objective"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0015"
              "titulo" => "Methods"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0020"
              "titulo" => "Results"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0025"
              "titulo" => "Conclusions"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec609806"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
        ]
        2 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec609807"
          "titulo" => "Abbreviations"
        ]
        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introduction"
        ]
        4 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Materials and methods"
          "secciones" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0015"
              "titulo" => "Statistical analysis"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        5 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0020"
          "titulo" => "Results"
        ]
        6 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0025"
          "titulo" => "Discussion"
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0030"
          "titulo" => "Funding"
        ]
        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0035"
          "titulo" => "Conflict of interests"
        ]
        9 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0040"
          "titulo" => "Ethical disclosures"
          "secciones" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0045"
              "titulo" => "Confidentiality of data"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0050"
              "titulo" => "Right to privacy and informed consent"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0055"
              "titulo" => "Protection of human subjects and animals in research"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        10 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xack200115"
          "titulo" => "Acknowledgments"
        ]
        11 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2015-01-09"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2015-02-12"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:2 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec609806"
          "palabras" => array:7 [
            0 => "Asthma Predictive Index"
            1 => "Urinary leukotriene"
            2 => "Preschoolers"
            3 => "Wheezing"
            4 => "Asthma"
            5 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bcl</span> I polymorphism"
            6 => "Glucocorticoid receptor gene"
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "abr"
          "titulo" => "Abbreviations"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec609807"
          "palabras" => array:8 [
            0 => "API"
            1 => "LTE4"
            2 => "LTRA"
            3 => "ICS"
            4 => "GCR"
            5 => "GCS"
            6 => "IQR"
            7 => "RSV"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Background</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Urinary leukotriene &#40;LTE4&#41; is an important marker of airway inflammation presence&#46; A relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism in the glucocorticoid receptor &#40;GCR&#41; gene promoter &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bcl</span> I polymorphism&#41;&#44; development of asthma and sensitivity to glucocorticoids has been hypothesised&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Objective</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To explore the possible association between the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bcl</span> I polymorphism and baseline levels of urinary LTE4 in preschoolers with recurrent wheezing episodes&#46; We prospectively enrolled and classified 86 preschoolers based on the risk of developing asthma &#40;by the Asthma Predictive Index &#91;API&#93;&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Methods</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">At admission standardised questionnaires for demographics and respiratory illness characteristics were completed&#46; The <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bcl</span> I polymorphism of the GCR was determined by a PCR&#8211;RFLP assay from blood samples&#44; and urinary leukotriene was assessed from urine samples by an enzyme immunoassay&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Results</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We enrolled 86 preschoolers &#40;46 with positive API and 40 with negative API&#41;&#46; There were no statistical differences in demographic&#44; respiratory illnesses and wheezing episodes characteristics between both groups&#46; Also&#44; the prevalence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bcl</span> I polymorphism was similar between positive vs&#46; negative API groups &#40;34&#46;8&#37; vs&#46; 38&#46;9&#37; for homozygote GG&#44; 56&#46;5&#37; vs&#46; 52&#46;8&#37; for heterozygote GC&#44; 8&#46;7&#37; vs&#46; 8&#46;3&#37; for homozygote CC&#44; respectively&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;94&#41;&#46; However&#44; urinary LTE4 &#40;median &#91;IQR&#93;&#41; was higher in preschoolers with positive than negative API &#40;7&#46;18 &#91;5&#46;57&#8211;8&#46;96<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;ml&#93; vs&#46; 6&#46;42 &#91;3&#46;96&#8211;8&#46;07<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;ml&#93;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;02&#44; respectively&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In our population&#44; wheezing preschoolers with positive API exhibit higher levels of urinary LTE4 than those with negative API&#59; but there were no differences in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bcl</span> I polymorphism of the GCR&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:5 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Background"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Objective"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Methods"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Results"
          ]
          4 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">The data was partially presented in the ATS Annual Congress&#44; San Diego&#44; CA&#44; 2014&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:5 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1570
            "Ancho" => 1664
            "Tamanyo" => 70458
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Urinary LTE4 level &#40;pg&#47;ml&#41; between cases &#40;positive API&#41; and controls &#40;negative API&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Numbers are expressed as mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD or &#37; when correspond&#46;</p><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">API<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Asthma Predictive Index&#59; RSV<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>respiratory syncytial virus&#59; ED<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>emergency department&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">CasesPositive API<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ControlsNegative API<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p-</span>Value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Males gender</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">59&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">40&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age &#40;years&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;87<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;18<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;06&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age of onset wheezing &#40;months&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&#46;52<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#46;52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15&#46;41<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#46;60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Gestational age &#40;weeks&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">38&#46;63<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">38&#46;11<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;89&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Frequency of wheezing in last year</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;08<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Severity of wheezing&#58;</span></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mild&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">34&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">46&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Moderate&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">50&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">43&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Severe&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Seasonality of wheezing&#58;</span></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Winter&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">43&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">36&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Spring and summer&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>All seasons&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">43&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">60&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">RSV infection</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">32&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">27&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;64&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cough with exercise</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">80&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;056&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Inhaled corticosteroids use&#58;</span></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>None&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Regular &#40;&#8805;70&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">58&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">62&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Irregular &#40;&#60;70&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Oral corticosteroids use</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">69&#46;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">57&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Salbutamol use&#58;</span></td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;77&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Occasional &#40;&#60;30&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Irregular &#40;30&#8211;70&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">41&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">42&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Regular &#40;&#8805;70&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">47&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">37&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ED visit for exacerbation</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">64&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">66&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hospitalisation for exacerbation</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">21&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tobacco exposure</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">48&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">51&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Carpet</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">39&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Respiratory illnesses&#58;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>None&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17&#46;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pneumonia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">43&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">42&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Otitis&#44; croup or sinusitis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">39&#46;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">37&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab972731.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Demographic and respiratory illnesses characteristics between cases &#40;&#43;API&#41; and controls &#40;&#8722;API&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Numbers are expressed as &#37; or median &#91;IQR&#93; correspondingly&#46;</p><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">API&#58; Asthma Predictive Index&#59; LTE4&#58; leukotriene E4&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">CasesPositive API<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ControlsNegative API<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p-</span>Value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bcl</span> I <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">polymorphism&#58;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Homozygote GG&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">34&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">38&#46;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Heterozygote GC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">56&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">52&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Homozygote CC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Urinary LTE4 &#40;pg&#47;ml&#41;&#58;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;18 &#91;5&#46;57&#8211;8&#46;96&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#46;42 &#91;3&#46;96&#8211;8&#46;07&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab972733.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bcl</span> I polymorphism of glucocorticoid receptor gene and urinary LTE4 levels between cases &#40;positive API&#41; and controls &#40;negative API&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">API&#58; Asthma Predictive Index&#59; LTE4&#58; leukotriene E4&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Coef&#46; B&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">95&#37; CI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p-</span>Value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Model 1</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Age&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;1&#46;623&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;197&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#91;0&#46;073&#8211;0&#46;530&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Gender &#40;female&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;1&#46;590&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;204&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#91;0&#46;048&#8211;0&#46;866&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;031&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Frequency of wheezing&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8722;0&#46;517&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;596&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#91;0&#46;390&#8211;0&#46;910&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;017&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cough with exercise&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;967&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;149&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#91;1&#46;564&#8211;32&#46;675&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;011&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Salbutamol used&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;600&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;953&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#91;1&#46;701&#8211;14&#46;423&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Oral corticosteroids used&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;771&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;162&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#91;1&#46;165&#8211;4&#46;014&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;015&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Carpet&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;602&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&#46;962&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#91;1&#46;095&#8211;22&#46;491&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;038&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Urinary LTE4 level&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;450&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;568&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#91;1&#46;151&#8211;2&#46;136&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;004&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Model 2</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cough with exercise&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;186&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;275&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#91;1&#46;085&#8211;9&#46;888&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;035&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Carpet&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;051&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;862&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#91;0&#46;919&#8211;8&#46;910&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;070&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Urinary LTE4 level&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;253&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;288&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#91;1&#46;048&#8211;1&#46;583&#93;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;016&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab972732.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Multivariate logistic regression for positive API condition&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:5 [
        "identificador" => "tb0005"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATEXTO"
        "mostrarFloat" => false
        "mostrarDisplay" => true
        "texto" => array:1 [
          "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">What is already known about this topic&#63;</span><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The risk of developing asthma among those preschoolers can be determined using clinical parameters such as the Asthma Predictive Index &#40;API&#41;&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bcl</span> I polymorphism of glucocorticoid receptor &#40;GCR&#41; gene has been associated with an increased risk of asthma&#44; and urinary LTE4 has been used as a marker of airway inflammation presence&#46;</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">What does this article add to our knowledge&#63;</span><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0010"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Preschoolers wheezing with positive API exhibit higher levels of urinary LTE4 than those with negative API&#59; but there were no differences in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bcl</span> I polymorphism of the GCR&#46;</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">How does this study impact current management guidelines&#63;</span><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0015"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cross-over trials with LTRA and ICS in preschoolers with positive and negative API need to be performed to determine the best choice to treat these populations&#46;</p></li></ul></p></span>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:31 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0160"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The Asthma Predictive Index&#58; early diagnosis of asthma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "J&#46;A&#46; Castro-Rodriguez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1097/ACI.0b013e3283464c4a"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "11"
                        "paginaInicial" => "157"
                        "paginaFinal" => "161"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21464709"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0165"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Asthma outcomes&#58; biomarkers"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46;J&#46; Szefler"
                            1 => "S&#46; Wenzel"
                            2 => "R&#46; Brown"
                            3 => "S&#46;C&#46; Erzurum"
                            4 => "J&#46;V&#46; Fahy"
                            5 => "R&#46;G&#46; Hamilton"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.979"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Allergy Clin Immunol"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "129"
                        "paginaInicial" => "S9"
                        "paginaFinal" => "S23"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22386512"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0170"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A clinical index to define risk of asthma in young children with recurrent wheezing"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "J&#46;A&#46; Castro-Rodriguez"
                            1 => "C&#46;J&#46; Holberg"
                            2 => "A&#46;L&#46; Wrigth"
                            3 => "F&#46;D&#46; Mart&#237;nez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/ajrccm.162.4.9912111"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "162"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1403"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1406"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11029352"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0175"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Predicting who will have asthma at school age among preschool children"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "O&#46;E&#46; Savenije"
                            1 => "M&#46; Kerkhof"
                            2 => "G&#46;H&#46; Koppelman"
                            3 => "D&#46;S&#46; Postma"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jaci.2012.05.007"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Allergy Clin Immunol"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "130"
                        "paginaInicial" => "325"
                        "paginaFinal" => "331"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22704537"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0180"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The Asthma Predictive Index&#58; a very useful tool for predicting asthma in young children"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "J&#46;A&#46; Castro-Rodriguez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jaci.2010.06.032"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Allergy Clin Immunol"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "126"
                        "paginaInicial" => "212"
                        "paginaFinal" => "216"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20624655"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0185"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Discriminative properties of two predictive indices for asthma diagnosis in a sample of preschoolers with recurrent wheezing"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Rodr&#237;guez-Mart&#237;nez"
                            1 => "M&#46; Sossa-Brice&#241;o"
                            2 => "J&#46;A&#46; Castro-Rodr&#237;guez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/ppul.21493"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Pulmonol"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "46"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1175"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1181"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21626716"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0190"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Infantile and preschool asthma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;A&#46; Castro-Rodriguez"
                            1 => "E&#46; Rodr&#237;guez Carlos"
                            2 => "A&#46; Custovic"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir Monogr"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "56"
                        "paginaInicial" => "10"
                        "paginaFinal" => "21"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0195"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Episodic use of an inhaled corticosteroid or leukotriene receptor antagonist in preschool children with moderate to severe intermittent wheezing"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "L&#46;B&#46; Bacharier"
                            1 => "B&#46;R&#46; Phillips"
                            2 => "R&#46;S&#46; Zeiger"
                            3 => "S&#46;J&#46; Szefler"
                            4 => "F&#46;D&#46; Martinez"
                            5 => "R&#46;F&#46; Lemanske Jr&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jaci.2008.09.029"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Allergy Clin Immunol"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "122"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1127"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1135"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18973936"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0200"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Intermittent or daily montelukast versus placebo for episodic asthma in children"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Valovirta"
                            1 => "M&#46;L&#46; Boza"
                            2 => "C&#46;F&#46; Robertson"
                            3 => "N&#46; Verbruggen"
                            4 => "S&#46;S&#46; Smugar"
                            5 => "L&#46;M&#46; Nelsen"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.anai.2011.01.017"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "106"
                        "paginaInicial" => "518"
                        "paginaFinal" => "526"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21624752"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0205"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Global strategy for the diagnosis and management of asthma in children 5 years and younger"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46;E&#46; Pedersen"
                            1 => "S&#46;S&#46; Hurd"
                            2 => "R&#46;F&#46; Lemanske Jr&#46;"
                            3 => "A&#46; Becker"
                            4 => "H&#46;J&#46; Zar"
                            5 => "P&#46;D&#46; Sly"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/ppul.21321"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Pulmonol"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "46"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "17"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20963782"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0210"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Identification of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bcl</span> I polymorphism in the glucocorticoid receptor gene&#58; association with sensitivity to glucocorticoids <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">in vivo</span> and body mass index"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "E&#46;F&#46; Van Rossum"
                            1 => "J&#46;W&#46; Koper"
                            2 => "A&#46;W&#46; Van den Beld"
                            3 => "A&#46;G&#46; Uitterlinden"
                            4 => "P&#46; Arp"
                            5 => "W&#46; Ester"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Endocrinol"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "59"
                        "paginaInicial" => "585"
                        "paginaFinal" => "592"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0215"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "High resolution melting &#40;HRM&#41; analysis for the detection of ER22&#47;23EK&#44; Bcl I&#44; and N363S polymorphisms of the glucocorticoid receptor gene"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "P&#46; Maltese"
                            1 => "E&#46; Canestrari"
                            2 => "L&#46; Palma"
                            3 => "A&#46; Ruzzo"
                            4 => "F&#46; Corini"
                            5 => "M&#46; Menotta"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jsbmb.2009.01.012"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "113"
                        "paginaInicial" => "269"
                        "paginaFinal" => "274"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19429432"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0220"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "No association of glucocorticoid receptor polymorphisms with asthma and response to glucocorticoids"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Szczepankiewicz"
                            1 => "A&#46; Br&#281;borowicz"
                            2 => "P&#46; Sobkowiak"
                            3 => "A&#46; Popiel"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Adv Med Sci"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "5"
                        "paginaInicial" => "245"
                        "paginaFinal" => "250"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0225"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The Bcl I single nucleotide polymorphism of the human glucocorticoid receptor gene h-GR&#47;NR3C1 promoter in patients with bronchial asthma&#58; pilot study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "T&#46; Pietras"
                            1 => "M&#46; Panek"
                            2 => "D&#46; Tworek"
                            3 => "K&#46; Oszajca"
                            4 => "R&#46; Wujcik"
                            5 => "P&#46; G&#243;rski"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s11033-010-0512-5"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Mol Biol Rep"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "38"
                        "paginaInicial" => "3953"
                        "paginaFinal" => "3958"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21113676"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0230"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Pediatric biomarkers in asthma&#58; exhaled nitric oxide&#44; sputum eosinophils and leukotriene E4"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Gogate"
                            1 => "R&#46; Katial"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1097/ACI.0b013e3282f60f61"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "paginaInicial" => "154"
                        "paginaFinal" => "157"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18317025"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0235"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Increase in urinary leukotriene LTE4 levels in acute asthma&#58; correlation with airflow limitation"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "S&#46;A&#46; Green"
                            1 => "M&#46;P&#46; Malice"
                            2 => "W&#46; Tanaka"
                            3 => "C&#46;A&#46; Tozzi"
                            4 => "T&#46;F&#46; Reiss"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Thorax"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "59"
                        "paginaInicial" => "100"
                        "paginaFinal" => "104"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14760145"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0240"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Reference urinary LTE4 levels in normal individuals&#58; a pilot study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "R&#46;W&#46; Dal Negro"
                            1 => "M&#46; Visconti"
                            2 => "C&#46; Micheletto"
                            3 => "S&#46; Tognella"
                            4 => "M&#46; Guerriero"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "22"
                        "paginaFinal" => "28"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21409858"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0245"
              "etiqueta" => "18"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effect of secondhand cigarette smoke&#44; RSV bronchiolitis and parental asthma on urinary cysteinyl LTE4"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "K&#46;S&#46; Kott"
                            1 => "B&#46;H&#46; Salt"
                            2 => "R&#46;J&#46; McDonald"
                            3 => "S&#46; Jhawar"
                            4 => "J&#46;M&#46; Bric"
                            5 => "J&#46;P&#46; Joad"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/ppul.20853"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Pulmonol"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "760"
                        "paginaFinal" => "766"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18615667"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0250"
              "etiqueta" => "19"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Elevated urinary leukotriene E4 excretion in asthma&#58; a comparison of HPLC-mass spectrometry and ELISA"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Sanak"
                            1 => "G&#46; Bochenek"
                            2 => "J&#46; Faber"
                            3 => "H&#46; Plutecka"
                            4 => "A&#46; Szczeklik"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02200.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Allergy"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "65"
                        "paginaInicial" => "662"
                        "paginaFinal" => "664"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19839978"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0255"
              "etiqueta" => "20"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The prevalence of nasal polyps and the corresponding urinary LTE4 levels in severe compared to mild and moderate asthma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Micheletto"
                            1 => "M&#46; Visconti"
                            2 => "F&#46; Trevisan"
                            3 => "S&#46; Tognella"
                            4 => "S&#46; Bertacco"
                            5 => "R&#46;W&#46; Dal Negro"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "42"
                        "paginaInicial" => "120"
                        "paginaFinal" => "124"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20648775"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0260"
              "etiqueta" => "21"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "RFLP for the glucocorticoid receptor &#40;GRL&#41; located at 5q11&#8211;5q13"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "J&#46;C&#46; Murray"
                            1 => "R&#46;F&#46; Smith"
                            2 => "H&#46;A&#46; Ardiner"
                            3 => "C&#46; Weinberger"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Nucleic Acids Res"
                        "fecha" => "1987"
                        "volumen" => "15"
                        "paginaInicial" => "6765"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2888091"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0265"
              "etiqueta" => "22"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Urinary excretion of leukotriene E4 and eosinophil protein X in children with atopic asthma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Severien"
                            1 => "A&#46; Artlich"
                            2 => "S&#46; Jonas"
                            3 => "G&#46; Becher"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "16"
                        "paginaInicial" => "588"
                        "paginaFinal" => "592"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11106196"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0270"
              "etiqueta" => "23"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Urinary leukotriene E4 levels identify children with tobacco smoke exposure at risk for asthma exacerbation"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "N&#46; Rabinovitch"
                            1 => "N&#46; Reisdorph"
                            2 => "L&#46; Silveira"
                            3 => "E&#46;W&#46; Gelfand"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jaci.2011.05.035"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Allergy Clin Immunol"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "128"
                        "paginaInicial" => "323"
                        "paginaFinal" => "327"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21807251"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0022510X11000979"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "0022510X"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0275"
              "etiqueta" => "24"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Urinary leukotriene excretion profile in children with exercise-induced asthma compared with controls&#58; a preliminary study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "P&#46;E&#46; Brockmann"
                            1 => "J&#46;A&#46; Castro-Rodriguez"
                            2 => "N&#46;L&#46; Holmgren"
                            3 => "J&#46; Cerda"
                            4 => "A&#46; Mar&#237;a Contreras"
                            5 => "A&#46; Moya"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Allergol Immunopathol &#40;Madr&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "40"
                        "paginaInicial" => "181"
                        "paginaFinal" => "186"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0280"
              "etiqueta" => "25"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Clinical evaluation of urinary leukotrienes E4 levels in children with atopic dermatitis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Fathy Manal"
                            1 => "A&#46; Fathy Hanan"
                            2 => "M&#46; Alkady Manal"
                            3 => "A&#46; Elmenshawy Amal"
                            4 => "A&#46; Awad Seham"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Acad Res"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "2"
                        "paginaInicial" => "165"
                        "paginaFinal" => "169"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0285"
              "etiqueta" => "26"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Urinary leukotriene E4 in preschool children with acute clinical viral wheeze"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Oommen"
                            1 => "J&#46; Grigg"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "21"
                        "paginaInicial" => "149"
                        "paginaFinal" => "154"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12570124"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0290"
              "etiqueta" => "27"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Do risk factors for persistent asthma modify lung function in infants and young children with recurrent wheeze&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Keklikian"
                            1 => "M&#46; Sanchez-Solis"
                            2 => "A&#46;J&#46; Bonina"
                            3 => "A&#46; Meneguzzi"
                            4 => "M&#46;D&#46; Pastor-Vivero"
                            5 => "P&#46; Mondejar-Lopez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/ppul.21260"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Pulmonol"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "45"
                        "paginaInicial" => "914"
                        "paginaFinal" => "918"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20672359"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0295"
              "etiqueta" => "28"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Urine leukotriene E4 levels are associated with decreased pulmonary function in children with persistent airway obstruction"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "N&#46; Rabinovitch"
                            1 => "L&#46; Zhang"
                            2 => "E&#46;W&#46; Gelfand"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jaci.2006.05.011"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Allergy Clin Immunol"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "118"
                        "paginaInicial" => "635"
                        "paginaFinal" => "640"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16950282"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0300"
              "etiqueta" => "29"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "&#91;Application of Asthma Predictive Index-based group therapy in wheezing children under 5 years of age&#93;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "Y&#46;Q&#46; Li"
                            1 => "H&#46;Y&#46; Xue"
                            2 => "W&#46; Chen"
                            3 => "L&#46;F&#46; Cao"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "16"
                        "paginaInicial" => "795"
                        "paginaFinal" => "799"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25140770"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            29 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0305"
              "etiqueta" => "30"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Urinary leukotriene E4&#47;exhaled nitric oxide ratio and montelukast response in childhood asthma"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "N&#46; Rabinovitch"
                            1 => "N&#46;J&#46; Graber"
                            2 => "V&#46;M&#46; Chinchilli"
                            3 => "C&#46;A&#46; Sorkness"
                            4 => "R&#46;S&#46; Zeiger"
                            5 => "R&#46;C&#46; Strunk"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jaci.2010.07.008"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Allergy Clin Immunol"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "126"
                        "paginaInicial" => "545"
                        "paginaFinal" => "551"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20816189"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            30 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0310"
              "etiqueta" => "31"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Beclomethasone dipropionate blunts allergen-induced early increase in urinary LTE4"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46;L&#46; Bartoli"
                            1 => "F&#46;L&#46; Dente"
                            2 => "L&#46; Bancalari"
                            3 => "E&#46; Bacci"
                            4 => "S&#46; Cianchetti"
                            5 => "A&#46; Di Franco"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1365-2362.2010.02297.x"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Clin Invest"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "40"
                        "paginaInicial" => "566"
                        "paginaFinal" => "569"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20456484"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "agradecimientos" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "identificador" => "xack200115"
        "titulo" => "Acknowledgments"
        "texto" => "<p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We thank Mr&#46; Oslando Padilla P&#233;rez&#44; MSc&#46; for statistical support&#44; and Mr&#46; Anthony Carlson for his English editorial assistance&#46;</p>"
        "vista" => "all"
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/03010546/0000004400000001/v1_201601070106/S0301054615000567/v1_201601070106/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "6702"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "es" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Original articles"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/03010546/0000004400000001/v1_201601070106/S0301054615000567/v1_201601070106/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0301054615000567?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
]

Article information

ISSN: 03010546
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.aller.2015.02.003

The statistics are updated each day

Year/Month	Html	Pdf	Total

2024 November	4	1	5
2024 October	20	2	22
2024 September	30	3	33
2024 August	25	3	28
2024 July	32	5	37
2024 June	26	2	28
2024 May	34	5	39
2024 April	25	8	33
2024 March	40	5	45
2024 February	31	9	40
2024 January	30	8	38
2023 December	34	6	40
2023 November	30	6	36
2023 October	51	11	62
2023 September	19	4	23
2023 August	21	10	31
2023 July	29	4	33
2023 June	35	0	35
2023 May	41	5	46
2023 April	39	6	45
2023 March	34	2	36
2023 February	53	5	58
2023 January	29	6	35
2022 December	40	9	49
2022 November	19	5	24
2022 October	25	7	32
2022 September	16	11	27
2022 August	11	7	18
2022 July	13	7	20
2022 June	21	8	29
2022 May	11	9	20
2022 April	17	9	26
2022 March	24	15	39
2022 February	13	3	16
2022 January	42	5	47
2021 December	38	11	49
2021 November	29	13	42
2021 October	46	16	62
2021 September	33	15	48
2021 August	29	9	38
2021 July	14	9	23
2021 June	23	10	33
2021 May	21	7	28
2021 April	26	6	32
2021 March	39	8	47
2021 February	18	10	28
2021 January	15	17	32
2020 December	3	2	5
2020 November	0	2	2
2020 October	0	2	2
2020 September	0	3	3
2020 July	0	1	1
2020 May	0	5	5
2020 April	0	1	1
2020 March	0	6	6
2020 February	0	8	8
2020 January	0	5	5
2019 December	0	1	1
2019 November	0	1	1
2019 October	0	6	6
2019 September	0	7	7
2019 August	0	12	12
2019 July	0	7	7
2019 June	0	16	16
2019 May	0	25	25
2019 April	0	12	12
2019 March	0	1	1
2019 February	0	13	13
2019 January	0	1	1
2018 December	0	10	10
2018 November	0	2	2
2018 March	1	1	2
2018 February	16	5	21
2018 January	6	3	9
2017 December	5	2	7
2017 November	7	5	12
2017 October	3	1	4
2017 September	6	6	12
2017 August	18	7	25
2017 July	7	2	9
2017 June	5	6	11
2017 May	4	9	13
2017 April	9	13	22
2017 March	22	1	23
2017 February	5	5	10
2017 January	1	6	7
2016 December	10	9	19
2016 November	12	5	17
2016 July	0	2	2
2016 June	0	1	1
2016 May	0	2	2
2016 April	1	0	1
2016 March	2	2	4
2016 February	1	0	1
2016 January	1	0	1

Show all

Allergologia et Immunopathologia is no longer published on Elsevier since the 2021 year.Transferred to Codon Publications

Indexed in:

Follow us:

Statistics

Allergologia et Immunopathologia is no longer published on Elsevier since the 2021 year.Transferred to Codon Publications

Indexed in:

Follow us:

Statistics

Subscribe to our newsletter