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Vol. 56. Issue 2.
Pages 97-105 (January 2004)
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Vol. 56. Issue 2.
Pages 97-105 (January 2004)
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Cambios histopatólogicos en arterias humanas sometidas a procesos de isquemia fría y criopreservación
Histopathological changes in human arteries following cold ischemia and cryopreservation processes
Alterações histopatológicas nas artérias humanas submetidas a processos de isquemia fria e criopreservação
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A. Veiga-Barreiroa,
Corresponding author
veigabarreiro@canalejo.org

Correspondencia: Servicio de Anatomía Patológica. Hospital Juan Canalejo. As Xu-bias, 84. E-15006A Coru-ña.
, M.E. Rendal-Vázquezb, G. Matheu-Capóa, C. Andión-Núñezb, J. Sánchez-Ibáñezc, R.J. Segura-Iglesiasd, P. Filgueira-Fernándeze, S. Pértega-Díazf, M. Rodríguez-Cabarcosb, R.O. Fernández-Mallob, T. Bermúdez-Gonzálezb, V. Fiaño-Lópeza, M. Vázquez-Blancoa, E. Vázquez-Martula
a Servicio de Anatomía Patológica. Complejo Hospitalario Juan Ca-nalejo. A Coruña, España
b Unidad de Criobiología. Complejo Hospitalario Juan Ca-nalejo. A Coruña, España
c Oficina de Coordinación de Trasplantes. Complejo Hospitalario Juan Ca-nalejo. A Coruña, España
d Departamento de Cirugía Vascular. Complejo Hospitalario Juan Ca-nalejo. A Coruña, España
e Unidad de Investigación. Complejo Hospitalario Juan Ca-nalejo. A Coruña, España
f Departamento de Estadística. Complejo Hospitalario Juan Ca-nalejo. A Coruña, España
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Resumen
Introducción

La creciente demanda de injertos vasculares ha provocado una búsqueda continua del método ‘ideal’ para minimizar los daños vasculares durante el proceso de conservación.

Objetivo

Estudiar la repercusión sobre la histología arterial del proceso de preservación del tejido en sus distintas fases.

Pacientes y métodos

Hemos analizado 86 segmentos arteriales (ilíaca y femoral superficial) procedentes de 50 donantes. De cada segmento se obtuvieron tres muestras en distintas fases del proceso, y se establecieron otros tantos grupos de estudio: arterias frescas, postisquemia fría y poscrio-preservación. El tiempo máximo de isquemia fría fue de 20 horas y las muestras se mantuvieron en solución antibiótica a 4 °C. La criopreservación se realizó en una solución con dimetil sulfóxido (DMSO) con descenso térmico programado de 1 °C/min con almacenamiento en fase gas (–150 °C a –190 °C). Se valoraron parámetros como la preservación del endotelio, la intensidad de cambios degenerativos (degeneración mixoide, apoptosis) en la pared arterial y la presencia de fracturas, comparando los resultados entre los distintos grupos. Se estudiaron igualmente las causas que llevaron al fracaso de algunos injertos.

Resultados

El 81,4% de las arterias criopreservadas mostró una pérdida prácticamente total del endotelio (3,5% en los otros dos grupos) y más del 50%, importantes cambios degenerativos en su pared frente al 3,5 y 8,1% de los grupos 1 y 2.

Conclusiones

El proceso de criopreservación provoca una importante pérdida endotelial y cambios degenerativos en la pared arterial. El tiempo de isquemia fría que se empleó en nuestro estudio no tiene repercusión en la estructura arterial.

Palabras clave:
Aloinjerto
Arteria
Criopreservación
Daño endotelial
Degeneración
Viabilidad
Summary
Introduction

The growing demand for vascular grafts has given rise to a continuous search for the ‘ideal’ method of minimising vascular damage during the process of preservation.

Aims

Our objective was to study how the different phases of the process of tissue preservation affect the histology of arteries.

Patients and methods

We analysed 86 segments of (iliac and superficial femoral) arteries from 50 donors. Three samples in different phases of the process were obtained from each segment and a similar number of study groups were also set up involving arteries that were either fresh, post-cold ischemic or post-cryopreserved. The maximum cold ischemia time was 20 hours and samples were kept in an antibiotic solution at 4 °C. Cryopreservation was performed in a solution with dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) with a programmed drop in temperature of 1 °C/min with gas phase storage (–150 °C to –190 °C). A number of parameters were evaluated including endothelium preservation, the intensity of the degenerative changes (myxoid degeneration, apoptosis) that take place in the wall of the artery and the presence of fractures; the results from the different groups were then compared. We also studied the reasons that caused some of the grafts to fail.

Results

Results showed that 81.4% of the cryopreserved arteries had suffered almost complete loss of the endothelium (3.5% in the other two groups) and more than 50% presented important degenerative changes in the wall compared to 3.5 and 8.1% in groups 1 and 2.

Conclusions

The cryopreservation process brings about an important loss of endothelium and degenerative changes in the wall of the artery. The cold ischemia time employed in our study had no effect on the arterial structure.

Key words:
Allograft
Artery
Cryopreservation
Degeneration
Endothelial damage
Viability
Resumo
Introdução

A crescente necessidade de enxertos vasculares provocou uma busca contínua do método ‘ideal’ para minimizar as lesões vasculares durante o processo de conservação.

Objectivo

Estudar a repercussão do processo de preservação do tecido nas suas fases distintas, sobre a histologia arterial.

Doentes e métodos

Analisámos 86 segmentos arteriais (ilíaca e femoral superficial) procedentes de 50 dadores. De cada segmento obtiveram-se três amostras em distintas fases do processo, e estabeleceram-se outros tantos grupos de estudo: artérias frescas, pós-isquemia fria e pós-criopreservação. O tempo máximo de isquemia fria foi de 20 horas e as amostras foram mantidas em solução antibiótica a 4 °C. A criopreservação realizou-se numa solução de dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO) com descida térmica programada de 1 °C/min, com armazenamento em fase gasosa (–150 °C a –190 °C). Avaliaram-se os parâmetros como a preservação do endotélio, a intensidade de alterações degenerativas (degeneração mixóide, apoptose) na parede arterial e a presença de fracturas, comparando os resultados entre os grupos distintos. Foram igualmente estudadas as causas que levaram ao fracasso de alguns enxertos.

Resultados

81,4% das artérias criopreservadas mostraram uma perda praticamente total do endotélio (3,5% nos outros dois grupos) e mais de 50% de alterações degenerativas importantes na sua parede versus 3,5 e 8,1% dos grupos 1 e 2.

Conclusões

O processo de criopreservação provoca uma perda endotelial importante e alterações degenerativas na parede arterial. O tempo de isquemia fria que se utilizou no nosso estudo não tem repercussão sobre a estrutura arterial.

Palavras chave:
Aloenxerto
Artéria
Criopreservação
Degeneração
Lesão endotelial
Viabilidade
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Copyright © 2004. SEACV
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