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Vol. 58. Issue 1.
Pages 11-18 (January 2006)
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Vol. 58. Issue 1.
Pages 11-18 (January 2006)
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Complicaciones vasculares pospunción de la arteria femoral en cateterismos cardíacos
Vascular complications following puncture of the femoral artery in cardiac catheterisation
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I. Hernández-Lahoza,
Corresponding author
ignahernandez1974@yahoo.es

Correspondencia: Complejo Hospitalario Montecelo. Avda. Mourente, s/n. E-36071 Pontevedra. Fax: + 34 986 8001 19.
, J. Salgado-Fernándezb, J.J. Vidal-Insuaa, R.J. Segura-Iglesiasa
a Servicio de Angiologia y Cirugía Vascular
b Servicio de Cardiología. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Juan Canalejo. A Coruña, España
C. Cuesta-Gimeno, I. Hernàndez-Lahoz, R.J. Segura-Iglesias
Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal Madrid, España
Servicio de Angiología Vascular Complejo H.U. Juan Canalejo A Coruña, España
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Resumen
Introducción

El tratamiento de las complicaciones femorales pospunción ha evolucionado desde la reparación quirúrgica hasta técnicas menos invasivas. Por ello, analizamos las complicaciones femorales de una serie de cateterismos cardíacos: su incidencia, resultados del tratamiento y discusión de alternativas terapéuticas actuales.

Pacientes y métodos

Análisis retrospectivo de las complicaciones pospunción en 9.395 cateterismos realizados a 7.898 pacientes. El diagnóstico se confirmó con eco-Doppler y se aplicó el tratamiento que procedía en cada caso. Entre uno y tres meses se realizó un control ecográfico.

Resultados

Hubo 63 pacientes (0,79%) con complicaciones femorales (38 pseudoaneurismas, 22 fístulas arteriovenosas y 3 isquemias agudas). El factor de riesgo más frecuente fue la hipertensión en 42 pacientes (66%). Del grupo de pseudoaneurismas, 11 (29%) se trataron quirúrgicamente de urgencia, 20 (52%) con compresión dirigida por ultrasonidos con resultado favorable en 14 (70%), 4 (10%) con inyección de trombina y 3 (7%), menores de 1,56cm, se trombosaron espontáneamente. Entre las fístulas arteriovenosas, 6 (27%) se intervinieron precozmente por ser sintomáticas, y de las asintomáticas se resolvieron espontáneamente 13 (72%) en un plazo de tres meses. De las isquemias, una se trató con trombectomía y dos con anticoagulación. No se detectaron recidivas. Hubo dos exitus tardíos.

Conclusiones

Las complicaciones femorales secundarias a cateterismos cardíacos tienen una frecuenciapróxima al 1%. En los pseudoaneurismas, que son la complicación más frecuente, la inyección percutánea de trombina es, en nuestra experiencia a partir del año 2000, el tratamiento de primera elección. En las fístulas arteriovenosas asintomáticas se aconseja demorar su tratamiento tres meses. [ANGIOLOGÍA 2006; 58: 11-8]

Palabras clave:
Cateterismo cardíaco
Complicaciones arteriales femorales
Fístulas arteriovenosas
Pseudoaneurismas femorales
Stent
Trombina
Summary
Introduction

The treatment of femoral complications following puncture has progressed from the days of surgical repair to today's less invasive techniques. Hence, in this study we analyse the femoral complications in a series of cardiac catheterisations and we discuss their incidence, outcomes of the treatment and current therapeutic alternatives.

Patients and methods

We present a retrospective analysis of the complications that occurred following puncture in 9395 catheterisations performed on 7898 patients. Diagnosis was confirmed with Doppler ultrasound and the treatment best indicated in each case was the one that was applied. A control examination was carried out using ultrasonography recording at between one and three months.

Results

There were 63 patients (0.79%) with femoral complications (38 pseudo-aneurysms, 22 arteriovenous fistulas and 3 acute ischaemias). The most frequent risk factor was hypertension in 42 patients (66%). Of the subjects in the pseudo-aneurysm group, 11 (29%) were treated by emergency surgical interventions, 20 (52%) with ultrasound-guided compression with favourable outcomes in 14 (70%), 4 (10%) with thrombin injections and 3 (7%), which were smaller than 1.5cm, thrombosed spontaneously. Among the cases of arteriovenous fistulas, 6 (27%) were submitted to early surgical intervention due to being symptomatic and 13 (72%) of the asymptomatic cases resolved spontaneously within three months. Of the cases of ischaemias, one was treated by thrombectomy and two with anticoagulation therapy. No relapses were detected. Two late deaths occurred.

Conclusions

The frequency of femoral complications secondary to cardiac catheterisations is about 1%. From our own experience gained since the year 2000, in pseudo-aneurysms, which are the most common complication, percutaneous injection of thrombin is the preferred treatment. In cases of asymptomatic arteriovenous fistulas it is advisable to delay treatment for three months. [ANGIOLOGÍA 2006; 58: 11-8]

Key words:
Arteriovenous fistulas
Cardiac catheterisation
Femoral artery complications
Femoral pseudo-aneurysms
Stent
Thrombin
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Copyright © 2006. SEACV
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