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Vol. 58. Issue 1.
Pages 19-30 (January 2006)
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Vol. 58. Issue 1.
Pages 19-30 (January 2006)
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Estudio de las repercusiones clínicas y analíticas de una intervención nutricional en pacientes no hospitalizados con claudicación intermitente. Estudio aleatorio controlado
A study of the clinical and analytical repercussions of a nutritional intervention in non-hospitalised patients with intermittent claudication. A controlled randomised study
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J.J. Carreroa, L.M. Salmerón-Febresb,
Corresponding author
lmsalmeron@yahoo.es

Correspondencia: Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular. Hospital Clínico San Cecilio. Avda. Doctor Oloriz, 12. E-18012 Granada.
, V.E. Ramos-Gutiérrezb, E. López-Huertasc, E. Ros-Díeb
a Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular. Universidad de Granada
b Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular. Hospital Clínico San Cecilio
c Departamento de Nutrición y Salud. Puleva Biotech. Granada, España
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Resumen
Introducción

La dieta es un pilar fundamental, a veces olvidado, en el control y tratamiento de la enfermedad vascular periférica (EVP).

Objetivo

Estudiar los efectos de la ingesta de ciertos nutrientes con probado efecto beneficioso en la prevención de la enfermedad coronaria en la clínica y el perfil bioquímico de enfermos claudicantes.

Pacientes y métodos

Estudio longitudinal, descriptivo, aleatorio y doble ciego, con 60 varones claudicantes (grado IIB de Fontaine), distribuidos en dos grupos. Grupo I (n = 30): además de su dieta habitual consumieron 500mL/día de leche semidesnata-da adicionada de ácidos eicosapentanoico, docoxahexanoico, oleico y fólico y vitaminas A, D, Ey B6. Grupo C (n = 26): además de su dieta habitual consumieron 500mL/día de leche semidesnatada. Ambos grupos obtuvieron los mismos consejos higienicodietéticos, un antiagreganteplaquetario (triflusal) y un hemorreológico (pentoxifilina). Con control trimestral, la intervención duró 12 meses. En cada control se realizó una exploración clínica vascular, claudicometría, índice de Yao, placetismografía y analítica.

Resultados

La concentración plasmática de los nutrientes suministrados aumentó en el grupo I (p < 0,05), seguido de un descenso en colesterol total y la concentración de apolipoproteína B. La homocisteína total disminuyó en aquellos pacientes con hiperhomocisteinemia (p < 0,01). Paralelamente, la distancia de claudicación triplicó su valor (p < 0,001) y el índice de Yao aumentó de manera gradual (p < 0,05).

Conclusiones

La inclusión diaria en la dieta de ciertos nutrientes cardiosaludables produjo, junto con otras recomendaciones dietéticas y hábitos de vida, una mejora significativa en los parámetros clínicos y analíticos de este grupo de claudicantes. La nutrición puede desempeñar un papel importante en el tratamiento y control de la EVP. [ANGIOLOGÍA 2006; 58: 19-30]

Palabras clave:
Ácido fólico
Ácido oleico
Ácidos grasos omega 3
Enfermedad vascular periférica
Vitamina B6
Vitamina E
Summary
Introduction

Diet is a sometimes neglected cornerstone in the control and treatment of peripheral vascular disease (PVD).

Aims

To study how the intake of certain nutrients with a proven beneficial effect in the prevention of heart disease affects the clinical symptoms and biochemical profile of patients with claudication.

Patients and methods

A longitudinal, descriptive, randomised, double-blind study was conducted with 60 males with claudication (Fontaine grade IIB), distributed in two groups. Group I (n = 30): in addition to their usual diet, subjects consumed 500ml/day of semi-skimmed milk with added eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic, oleic and folic acids, as well as vitamins A, D, E and B6. Group C (n = 26): in addition to their usual diet, subjects consumed 500mL/day of semi-skimmed milk. Both groups received the same hygienic-dietary guidelines, an antiplatelet drug (triflusal) and a haemorrheologic agent (pentoxifylline). Including a three-monthly control, the intervention lasted 12 months. At each control the following tests were carried out: vascular clinical examination, treadmill exercise testing, Yao index, plethysmography and analyses.

Results

The plasma concentration of the nutrients given to patients increased in group I (p < 0.05), followed by a decrease in total cholesterol and apolipoprotein B concentration. The total homocysteine level dropped in patients with hyperhomocysteinemia (p < 0.01). In a parallel fashion, the claudication distance become three times longer (p < 0.001) and the Yao index gradually increased (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Including certain nutrients that are good for the heart in the daily diet, along with other guidelines concerning nutrition and lifestyle, led to a significant improvement in the clinical and analytical parameters of this group of patients with claudication. Nutrition can play an important role in the treatment and control of PVD. [ANGIOLOGÍA 2006; 58: 19-30]

Key words:
Folic acid
Oleic acid
Omega-3 fatty acids
Peripheral vascular disease
Vitamin B6
Vitamin E
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