La oclusión carotídea contralateral puede considerarse un factor de riesgo de la endarterectomía carotídea (EAC).
ObjetivoValorar los resultados de la EAC según el estado de la carótida contralateral.
Pacientes y métodosEstudio de cohortes retrospectivo en el que se incluyen 291 pacientes (edad media: 67,5 ± 8 años; 86% varones), a los que se realizaron 320 EAC en siete años (1998-2004). Control clínico medio: 27 ± 22 meses. Indicaciones de intervención: estenosis sintomáticas > 70% y asintomáticas preoclusivas. Clasificados los pacientes en cuatro grupos: oclusión contralateral (grupo A, 52 pacientes), estenosis contralateral grave (B, 50 pacientes), estenosis contralateral < 70% (C, 78 pacientes), y carótida contralateral normal (D, 140 pacientes). Las características de los grupos y tasas perioperatorias de muerte e ictus se comparan mediante test de χ2. Se calcula la supervivencia libre de eventos neurológicos mediante tablas de vida Kaplan-Meier.
ResultadosLos cuatro grupos resultaron comparables en factores de riesgo, indicación de intervención y técnica quirúrgica, excepto en utilización de shunt. La mortalidad perioperatoria global fue del 1,9%, sin diferencias entre grupos, aunque mayor en B. Las tasas de ictus perioperatorio fueron 3,8, 4, 1,3 y 1,5% (A, B, C y D, respectivamente; p = 0,23). La morbilidad neurológica fue significativamente mayor en A + B respecto a C + D (9,8 frente a 4,1%; p = 0,04). En el control clínico a medio-largo plazo no hubo tampoco diferencias entre los grupos.
ConclusionesEl estado lesional de la carótida contralateral influye en los resultados de la EAC. La estenosis contralateral grave eleva la morbimortalidad perioperatoria en igual o mayor proporción que la oclusión contralateral. [ANGIOLOGÍA 2006; 58: 31-8]
Contralateral carotid occlusion can be considered a risk factor for a carotid endarterectomy (CEA).
AimsTo evaluate the outcomes of CEA according to the status of the contralateral carotid artery.
Patients and methodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted with a sample of 291 patients (mean age 67.5 ± 8 years; 86% males), who underwent 320 CEA over a period of seven years (1998-2004). Mean clinical follow-up: 27 ± 22 months. Indications for surgical intervention: symptomatic > 70% and asymptomatic preocclusive stenoses. Patients were classified in four groups: contralateral occlusion (group A, 52 patients), severe contralateral stenosis (B, 50 patients), contralateral stenosis < 70% (C, 78 patients), and normal contralateral carotid (D, 140 patients). The characteristics of the groups and the perioperative death and stroke rates were compared using the chi squared test. Rates of survival free of neurological events were calculated by means of the Kaplan-Meier life tables.
ResultsThe four groups were found to be comparable as regards risk factors, indications for surgical intervention and surgical procedure, except in relation to the use of shunts. Overall perioperative mortality was 1.9% with no significant differences among groups, although it was slightly higher in group B. Perioperative stroke rates were 3.8, 4, 1.3 and 1.5% (A, B, C and D, respectively; p = 0.23). Neurological morbidity was significantly higher in A + B than in C + D (9.8 versus 4.1%; p = 0.04). No differences were found among groups in the medium-long term clinical follow-up either.
ConclusionsThe status of the injury to the contralateral carotid affects the outcomes of a CEA. Severe contralateral stenosis raises the rate of perioperative morbidity and mortality to a similar or greater extent than the contralateral occlusion. [ANGIOLOGÍA 2006; 58: 31-8]