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Vol. 58. Issue 1.
Pages 39-49 (January 2006)
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Vol. 58. Issue 1.
Pages 39-49 (January 2006)
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¿Qué le depara al paciente tras el diagnóstico de trombosis venosa profunda? Estudio de factores pronósticos de la mortalidad, síndrome postrombótico y calidad de vida
What awaits the patient following a diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis? a study of the factors predicting mortality, post-thrombotic syndrome and quality of life
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S. Bellmunt-Montoya
Corresponding author
sbellmunt@cspt.es

Correspondencia: Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular. Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí. Parc Taulí, s/n. E-08208Sabadell (Barcelona).
, E. González-Cañas, T. Solanich-Valldaura, J. Hospedales-Salomó, M.D. Lloret-Cano, J. Vallespín-Aguado, A. Giménez-Gaibar
Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular. Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí. Sabadell, Barcelona, España
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Resumen
Introducción

El pronóstico de una trombosis venosa profunda (TVP) implica considerar complicaciones como el síndrome postrombótico (SPT), la afectación de calidad de vida (CV) y muerte.

Objetivos

Describir la historia natural del paciente tras una TVP, y detectar factores pronósticos de muerte, SPT y CV, además del valor pronóstico del dímero D en el diagnóstico de TVP.

Pacientes y métodos

Cohorte histórica (n = 118) de pacientes con TVP; período: 1/1/2001-1/12/2002. Control a 3 años. Valoración con escalas visuales, CEAP, eco-Doppler (ED); CV mediante SF-36 y CIVIQ; dímero D mediante ELISA.

Resultados

118 pacientes (55,1% varones; 59,8 años de media). Fallecidos 31,4%, perdidos 16,1%, casos excluidos 5% y válidos para control clínico 49,2%. Riesgo de muerte: 31,4% (IC 95% = 23,2-40,5); el cáncer fue factor pronóstico de muerte, con RR = 2,9 (IC 95% = 1,7-4,8) y supervivencia media 22 meses menor. A los 3 años (n = 58): 29% clínica positiva y 30% CEAP > 2; 49% presentaron SPT (por clínica o CEAP positivo); 74% ED positivo. Acudir a Urgencias con clínica < 9 días ha sido pronóstico para desarrollo de SPT (RR = 2,7; p = 0,045). La CV ha sido significativamente peor en el grupo con SPT en los dos cuestionarios utilizados. Un dímero D ≥ 3,870μg/L presenta un valor pronóstico positivo del 94%.

Conclusiones

Uno de cada tres pacientes con TVP morirá a los tres años. De los supervivientes, uno de cada dos tendrá un SPT, y mermará su CV. Acudir a Urgencias en < 9 días puede ser un indicador indirecto de gravedad clínica. Un dímero D ≥ 3,870μg/L en el diagnóstico de TVP predice un SPT en un 94% de los casos. [ANGIOLOGÍA 2006; 58: 39-49

Palabras clave:
Calidad de vida
Dímero D
Eco-Doppler
Pronóstico
Síndrome postrombótico
Trombosis venosa profunda
Summary
Introduction

To determine the prognosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), complications such as postthrombotic syndrome (PTS), impact on the quality of life (QL) and death must be taken into account.

Aims

To describe the natural history of patients following TVP and to detect factors that predict death, PTS and QL, in addition to evaluating the prognostic value of the D-dimer test in diagnosing DVT.

Patients and methods

Historical cohort (n = 118) of patients with DVT; period: 1/1/2001-1/12/2002. A clinical control was conducted at 3 years. Assessment with visual scales, CEAP, Doppler ultrasound (DU); QL was evaluated with SF-36 and CIVIQ, and D-dimer by ELISA.

Results

118 patients (55.1% males; mean age 59.8 years). Deaths 31.4%, losses 16.1%, excluded cases 5% and number of valid subjects for clinical control 49.2%. Risk of death: 31.4% (CI 95% = 23.2-40.5); cancer was a factor predictive of death, with RR = 2.9 (CI 95% = 1.7-4.8) and mean survival was 22 months less. At 3 years (n = 58): 29% positive clinical features and 30% CEAP > 2; 49% had PTS (from clinical symptoms or positive CEAP); 74% were DU positive. Going to the Emergency Department with clinical symptoms < 9 days is predictive of the development of PTS (RR = 2.7; p = 0.045). The QL was found to be significantly poorer in the PTS group in both the surveys that were used. A D-dimer test ≥ 3.870μg/L offered a positive prognostic value of 94%.

Conclusions

One out of every three patients with DVT will die within three years. Of the survivors, one out of every two will have PTS, which will deteriorate his or her QL. Going to the Emergency Department in < 9 days can be an indirect indicator of the severity of the condition. D-dimer > 3.870μg/L in the diagnosis of DVT is predictive of PTS in 94% of cases. [ANGIOLOGÍA 2006; 58: 39-49]

Key words:
Deep venous thrombosis
Dimer D
Doppler ultrasound
Postthrombotic syndrome
Prognosis
Quality of life
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