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Adenovirus hepatitis presenting as tumoral lesions in an immunocompromised patient
Juan Putra
,
Corresponding author
Juan.Putra@Hitchcock.org

Correspondence and reprint request:
, Arief A. Suriawinata*
* Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="s0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0015">Case Presentation</span><p id="p0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 59-year old man with T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia on alemtuzumab presented with neutropenic fever&#46; His past medical history was significant for hepatitis C and splenectomy several years ago due to splenic involvement of diffuse large B cell lymphoma&#46; His febrile and intermittent nausea persisted despite several days of cephalosporin therapy&#46; No localized signs or symptoms of infection were identified on the physical examination&#46; The laboratory analysis was significant for leukopenia &#40;0&#46;3 x 10<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#47;mcL&#41; and transaminitis &#40;ALT 87 U&#47;L&#44; AST 284 U&#47;L&#41;&#46; Meanwhile&#44; other liver function tests were within normal limits &#40;total bilirubin 0&#46;3 mg&#47;dL&#44; alkaline phosphatase 75 U&#47;L&#44; albumin 3&#46;2 g&#47;dL&#44; and total protein 7&#46;8 g&#47;dL&#41;&#46; Computed tomography scan of the abdomen with contrast revealed multiple hypodense lesions in the liver &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0005">Figure 1</a>&#41;&#46; The largest lesion was seen in the posterior right lobe&#44; measuring approximately 4&#46;4 cm&#46; Differential diagnosis included metastatic lesions&#44; and less likely infectious etiology&#46; Computed tomography-guided needle core biopsy of the lesions revealed numerous hepatocytes with smudgy nuclear appearance &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0010">Figure 2</a>&#41;&#44; which were characteristic of adenovirus infections&#46; Diagnosis of adenovirus hepatitis was also confirmed by diffuse immunostaining &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#f0015">Figure 3</a>&#41;&#46; In addition&#44; quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed high-copy number of adenovirus DNA &#40;2&#44;000&#44;000 copies&#47;mL&#41; and culture of the liver biopsy was positive for adenovirus&#46; Treatment with cidofovir improved his condition dramatically&#46; Adenovirus DNA detection by quantitative polymerase chain reaction was within normal range &#40;&#60; 500 copies&#47;mL&#41; 3 months after the treatment was initiated&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="f0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="f0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="f0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="s0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0020">Discussion</span><p id="p0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Adenovirus&#44; a double-stranded DNA virus&#44; is a common cause of self-limiting upper respiratory infection in immunocompetent patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Adenovirus infections occur more frequently in immunocompromised patients and may result in more severe manifestations&#44; such as pneumonia&#44; nephritis&#44; hepatitis&#44; encephalitis&#44; pancreatitis&#44; or disseminated disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8211;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> The reported incidence of adenovirus infections in immunosuppressed patients ranges from 3 to 21&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Different methods can be utilized to diagnose adenovirus hepatitis&#46; The imaging features of acute hepatitis are often nonspecific&#46; The most essential role of radiology in patients with suspected hepatitis is to help rule out other etiologies&#46; The nonspecific findings on computed-tomography and magnetic resonance imaging include hepatomegaly and periportal edema&#46; On computed-tomography&#44; heterogeneous enhancement and well-defined regions of low attenuation may be present&#46; Meanwhile&#44; periportal edema appears as high-signal-intensity areas on T2-weighted images on magnetic resonance imaging&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Familiarity with the most relevant radiologic key features&#44; combined with critical clinical information may provide enough information to characterize the lesion and differentiate it from other types of focal lesion &#40;neoplastic and developmental&#41;&#46; Adenoviral infections can also be diagnosed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or immunofluorescence assay&#44; complement fixation test or viral culture&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> However&#44; these patients often require tissue biopsy to render a definitive diagnosis&#46; The histologic hallmark of adenovirus infection in the liver is the presence of patchy necrosis with &#8220;blueberry&#8221; basophilic intranuclear inclusions in the hepatocytes&#44; which often referred as smudge cells&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Furthermore&#44; immunohis-tochemistry is useful to confirm the microscopic findings&#46; We demonstrated that adenovirus hepatitis may present as tumoral lesions on computed tomography scan&#46; Furthermore&#44; timely diagnosis is essential to obtain favorable outcomes&#46;</p></span><span id="s0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="st0025">Conflict of Interest</span><p id="p0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Both authors have nothing to disclose&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Article information
ISSN: 16652681
Original language: English
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es en pt

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