Letters to the Editor
Hepatocellular carcinoma treatment with Sorafenib: A remarkable case of eight-years remission without significant toxicity
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"documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "cor" "cita" => "Ann Hepatol. 2021;21C:" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:7 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "In Reply" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Ling-ling He, Jia-li Ma, Yu Jiang, Jun-ru Yang, Ping Li, Yao Zhang, Hong-shan Wei" "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ling-ling" "apellidos" => "He" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Jia-li" "apellidos" => "Ma" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Yu" "apellidos" => "Jiang" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Jun-ru" "apellidos" => "Yang" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ping" "apellidos" => "Li" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Yao" "apellidos" => "Zhang" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Hong-shan" "apellidos" => "Wei" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1665268121000120?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/16652681/000000210000000C/v1_202102250957/S1665268121000120/v1_202102250957/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Letters to the Editor</span>" "titulo" => "Hepatocellular carcinoma treatment with Sorafenib: A remarkable case of eight-years remission without significant toxicity" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "saludo" => "To the Editor," "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Ana L. Santos, Hélder Cardoso, Marco Silva, Adriana Moreira, Guilherme Macedo" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Ana L." "apellidos" => "Santos" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "anaasantos89@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Hélder" "apellidos" => "Cardoso" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Marco" "apellidos" => "Silva" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Adriana" "apellidos" => "Moreira" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Guilherme" "apellidos" => "Macedo" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Faculty of Medicine, Porto University, Portugal" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Radiology Department, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author at:" ] ] ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 2513 "Ancho" => 2167 "Tamanyo" => 317440 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">MR Images performed 9 years after treatment before (a) and after intravenous injection of gadoxetic acid. The nodular lesions are no longer seen in any of the sequences. There is a subcapsular hipointense area in dynamic T1-weighted MR images, causing capsular retraction (arrow in b) suggestive of a fibrotic area. There are small vessels (dashed arrows) but no suspicious nodular enhancing areas are seen.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In recent times, we face a paradigm change in approach and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with the description of some cases with complete remission after systemic therapy such as sorafenib.</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">1</span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Case report</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our centre, we followed a 52-year-old man, with a history of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, diagnosed in 1985, and actually in remission for 30 years. In 2011, in the evaluation of abdominal pain, he was diagnosed with hepatitis C associated cirrhosis complicated by HCC. He presented a thrombocytopenia (10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span>/L) and an increase of cytocholastase parameters [alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of 162<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U/L (>37) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of 140<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U/L (>37), alkaline phosphatase (AP) of 151<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U/L (>120) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) of 796 (>49)]. The total bilirubin was slightly increased [1.54<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/dl (>1.20)] and albumin and coagulation tests were normal. The cirrhosis was compensated (Child–Pugh A), he presented <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status</span> of 0 points and alfa-fetoprotein level was >20,000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng/mL. In upper endoscopy, small esophageal varices, without red signs were observed. It was performed a magnetic resonance that demonstrated multiple confluent nodular images in the hepatic right lobe, appearing a nodulariform area with 106<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>82<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm, with typical findings of multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). The main portal vein was patent, although its left branch was involved by lesion, and there was no evidence of metastases in staging. As HCC was in BCLC stage-B (intermediate), he was proposed for transarterial chemoembolization that was unfeasible due to a high-flow hepatic arteriovenous fistula. In the context of stage migration, he started on sorafenib that was tolerated at full-dose (400<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg, bid), simultaneously with prophylaxis for palmoplantar syndrome. Despite, a mild palmar erythema, or other adverse effects were observed neither a dose reduction was required. Thus, sorafenib therapy was maintained at the same dose, without interruptions, during these eight years.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The clinical course was favorable, with a progressive reduction in the number, size and degree of contrast uptake, achieving partial response criteria of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors</span> (RECIST) and modified RECIST. The alfa-fetoprotein levels normalized after 18 months of treatment and this response has been persistent in the past 8 years, since the start of therapy (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>). Analytically, a reduction of transaminases was observed with normalization of AP. In 2015, he achieved HCV (genotype 3) cure after 24 weeks antiviral therapy with sofosbuvir, ledipasvir and ribavirin. Nowadays, the patient is assymptomatic and with a good quality of life (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Discussion</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">International guidelines recommend that sorafenib should be maintained until clinical or radiographic progression. However, the best method to evaluate its therapeutic response is still unclear; a relevant concern is that the antiangiogenic effect may overestimate the response in conventional imagiologic methods (mRECIST) <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030">[1]</a>. This is most important when assessing a possible downstaging, which would enable other therapies, such as liver transplantation.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the literature, there are some cases described of complete remission of HCC after sorafenib therapy <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035">[2]</a>; however, this case is, at best of our knowledge, the one who presents the greater follow-up time after the achievement of remission.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite several studies, it has not been possible to identify which patients are the best candidates for this systemic therapy, with a higher probability of complete response. Nevertheless, the occurrence of adverse events has been associated with improved survival/outcome of HCC treated with sorafenib <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040">[3,4]</a>.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this patient, although liver function remained stable and without worsening of portal hypertension, a potential indication for liver resection or transplantation is debatable, namely concerning the imagiological downstaging, as discussed above, and the risk-benefit of this invasive intervention when the patient is asymptomatic with a long-term oral therapy.</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Financial support</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nothing to declare. The data have been generated as part of the routine work of an organization.</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nothing to declare.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Case report" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Financial support" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 4 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1827 "Ancho" => 1417 "Tamanyo" => 174819 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">MR Images in 52-year-old man with liver cirrhosis and multiple nodules. Axial T1-weighted GRE in-phase (a) image does not depict any lesion but the out-of-phase image (b) shows multiple nodules in the right lobe of liver with homogeneous signal loss, indicating intra-lesional fat.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 2598 "Ancho" => 2167 "Tamanyo" => 310107 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">MR Images performed before (a) and after intravenous injection of gadoxetic acid of a histology proven hepatocarcinoma (HCC). Axial arterial phase T1-weighted MR image (b) shows multiple nodular areas of early enhancement involving the right lobe. Axial portal venous (c) and delayed (d) phase T1-weighted MR images show washout appearance of the nodules.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 2513 "Ancho" => 2167 "Tamanyo" => 317440 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">MR Images performed 9 years after treatment before (a) and after intravenous injection of gadoxetic acid. The nodular lesions are no longer seen in any of the sequences. There is a subcapsular hipointense area in dynamic T1-weighted MR images, causing capsular retraction (arrow in b) suggestive of a fibrotic area. There are small vessels (dashed arrows) but no suspicious nodular enhancing areas are seen.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "[1]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2018;69:182–236." ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0035" "etiqueta" => "[2]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Long-term follow-up of complete remission of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma following sorafenib therapy: a case report" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J.G. Park" 1 => "W.Y. Tak" 2 => "S.Y. Park" 3 => "Y.O. Kweon" 4 => "S.Y. Jang" 5 => "S.H. Lee" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.3892/ol.2017.6788" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Oncol Lett" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "14" "paginaInicial" => "4853" "paginaFinal" => "4856" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29085491" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "[3]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Hepatocellular carcinoma treatment with sorafenib: real-life evaluation of prognostic factors and a practical clue for patient management" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "H. Cardoso" 1 => "A.M. Alves" 2 => "M. Marques" 3 => "A.M. Vale" 4 => "P. Pereira" 5 => "G. Macedo" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jpge.2016.04.006" "Revista" => array:8 [ "tituloSerie" => "GE Port J Gastroenterol" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "23" "numero" => "5" "paginaInicial" => "243" "paginaFinal" => "248" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28868469" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0026049520300056" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "00260495" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "[4]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Early dermatologic adverse events predict better outcome in HCC patients treated with sorafenib" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M. Reig" 1 => "F. Torres" 2 => "C. Rodriguez-Lope" 3 => "A. Forner" 4 => "N. LLarch" 5 => "J. Rimola" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jhep.2014.03.030" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Hepatol" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "61" "paginaInicial" => "318" "paginaFinal" => "324" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24703956" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/16652681/000000210000000C/v1_202102250957/S1665268119322227/v1_202102250957/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "82754" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Letters to the editor" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/16652681/000000210000000C/v1_202102250957/S1665268119322227/v1_202102250957/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1665268119322227?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
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