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Passenger lymphocyte syndrome, an unusual cause of anemia after liver transplantation
Alejandro Gutierrez-Castillo1, Héctor Cabrera-Larios1, Fernando Segovia-Rivera2, Rafael Valdez-Ventura1, Nayelli C. Flores-García3
1 Internal Medicine, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Meixico City
2 Geriatrics, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán
3 Gastroenterology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abss0001" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0001">Introduction and Objectives</span><p id="spara001" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The prevalence of anemia after liver transplantation ranges from 4&#46;3&#37; to 28&#46;2&#37;&#46; Causes that occur in the first two weeks include bleeding&#44; sepsis&#44; medications&#44; and hemolysis&#46; Immune hemolysis represents less than 1&#37; of the cases and includes graft-versus-host disease and hemolysis associated with ABO incompatibility&#46; We present a case of passenger lymphocyte syndrome as a cause of immune hemolytic anemia two weeks after a liver transplant&#46;</p></span> <span id="abss0002" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0002">Materials and Patients</span><p id="spara002" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A 43-year-old woman&#44; blood group A&#43;&#44; with a history of HCV-related liver cirrhosis and BCLC-A hepatocellular carcinoma&#44; was chosen for a liver transplant&#46; Surgery was uneventful&#44; requiring the transfusion of an O&#43; blood unit&#46; The postoperative evolution was carried out without complications&#46; On day 10&#44; after the transplant&#44; she presented a drop of 3 g&#47;dL in hemoglobin&#44; leukocytosis&#44; elevated acute phase reactants&#44; and mixed hyperbilirubinemia&#46; An esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy showed no active bleeding&#46; The hemolysis profile showed a decrease in the haptoglobin value and an increase in DHL&#44; negative Coombs&#44; without schistocytes&#46; An MRCP was requested&#44; with no evidence of bile leakage or active bleeding&#46; Because of the suspicion of hemolysis due to drugs&#44; tacrolimus was changed to mycophenolate mofetil&#44; and because of possible hemolysis due to sepsis&#44; broad-spectrum antibiotic coverage was added without improvement&#46; On day 14&#44; there was a suspicion of transient lymphocyte syndrome&#46; Isohemagglutinin levels were requested and became positive&#44; and two O&#43; blood units were transfused&#46; The following day&#44; she presented a significant improvement in all laboratory parameters&#44; and on day 20 she was discharged from the hospital without any abnormality in her laboratory parameters&#46;</p></span> <span id="abss0003" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0003">Results</span><p id="spara003" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In our management of hemolytic anemia after liver transplantation&#44; two theories initially emerged&#58; 1&#41; Hemolysis due to tacrolimus&#44; for which it was suspended and changed to mycophenolate mofetil&#44; and 2&#41; Hemolysis due to sepsis&#44; due to leukocytosis and inflammation&#44; initiating coverage with meropenem and vancomycin&#46; But without improvement after both interventions&#46; Finally&#44; due to suspicion of transient lymphocyte syndrome&#44; isohemagglutitins were requested and were positive&#44; and after the transfusion of 2 O&#43; blood units&#44; containing anti-A&#43; antibodies&#44; she showed improvement&#44; confirming the diagnosis&#46;</p></span> <span id="abss0004" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0004">Conclusions</span><p id="spara004" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In the passenger lymphocyte syndrome&#44; there is a donor B lymphocyte production of antibodies causing a primary or secondary response to recipient erythrocytes&#46; The incidence is higher in the heart-lung transplant&#44; followed by liver transplantation&#46; The risk also increases according to the donor-recipient ABO mismatch&#44; being more common with group O donors and group A recipient &#40;61&#37;&#41;&#44; followed by group O donors and group B recipients &#40;22&#37;&#41;&#46; The clinical picture is characterized by fever&#44; diarrhea&#44; rash and hemolysis&#46; The hemolysis usually occurs on days 3 to 24 after the liver transplantation and tends to be mild and self-limited&#46; The diagnosis is made when the recipient had a positive direct antiglobulin test and there were donor antibodies in the serum against the recipient&#39;s red blood cell antigens&#46; Treatment options include the transfusion of O red blood cell units and&#44; in cases of severe hemolysis&#44; immunosuppressors or plasmapheresis&#46;</p></span>"
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Article information
ISSN: 16652681
Original language: English
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