covid
Buscar en
Archivos de Cardiología de México
Toda la web
Inicio Archivos de Cardiología de México In-hospital outcome in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction and righ...
Journal Information

Statistics

Follow this link to access the full text of the article

In-hospital outcome in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction and right bundle branch block. A sub-study from RENASICA II, a national multicenter registry
Evolución intrahospitalaria en pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio con elevación del segmento ST y bloqueo de rama derecha. Sub-estudio de RENASICA II, un registro nacional multicéntrico
Úrsulo Juárez-Herreraa, Carlos Jerjes Sánchezb, Héctor González-Pachecoa, Carlos Martínez-Sánchezc
a Staff Coronary Care Unit of Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
b Head of the Emergency Room Department, Hospital de Cardiología N° 34, IMSS. Monterrey, NL. Mexico
c Head of the Coronary Care Unit. Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico.
Read
6075
Times
was read the article
848
Total PDF
5227
Total HTML
Share statistics
 array:20 [
  "pii" => "X1405994010561518"
  "issn" => "14059940"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2010-07-01"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Arch Cardiol Mex. 2010;80:154-8"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 3704
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 38
      "HTML" => 3210
      "PDF" => 456
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:16 [
    "pii" => "X1405994010561526"
    "issn" => "14059940"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2010-07-01"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Arch Cardiol Mex. 2010;80:159-62"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 2318
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 36
        "HTML" => 1815
        "PDF" => 467
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:9 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Editorial Comment. Bundle branch block in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: evidence for action"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "159"
          "paginaFinal" => "162"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Comentario editorial. Bloqueo de rama en el infarto del miocardio con elevación del segmento ST: Evidencias para actuar"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Elliott M. Antman"
          "autores" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Elliott M."
              "apellidos" => "Antman"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X1405994010561526?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/14059940/0000008000000003/v0_201307091120/X1405994010561526/v0_201307091121/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:16 [
    "pii" => "X140599401056150X"
    "issn" => "14059940"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2010-07-01"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Arch Cardiol Mex. 2010;80:141-53"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 10120
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 38
        "HTML" => 9382
        "PDF" => 700
      ]
    ]
    "es" => array:12 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Tetralogía de Fallot con atresia pulmonar. Morfopatología y anatomía quirúrgica"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "es"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "141"
          "paginaFinal" => "153"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia. Morphopathology and surgical anatomy"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "es" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:8 [
          "identificador" => "fig1"
          "etiqueta" => "Figura 1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "copyright" => "Elsevier España"
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "293v80n03-13156150fig1.jpg"
              "Alto" => 1112
              "Ancho" => 987
              "Tamanyo" => 234048
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "es" => "Corazón con tetralogía de Fallot y atresia pulmonar en situs solitus. Obsérvese el tronco de la arteria pulmonar (AP) de calibre disminuido y la aorta (Ao) dextropuesta. Los asteriscos señalan a la arteria descendente anterior y la flecha al conducto arterioso. Abreviaturas: AD = atrio derecho&#59; VD = ventrículo derecho&#59; AI = atrio izquierdo&#59; VI = ventrículo izquierdo."
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Luis Muñoz-Castellanos, Samuel Ramírez-Marroquín, Magdalena Kuri-Nivon"
          "autores" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Luis"
              "apellidos" => "Muñoz-Castellanos"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Samuel"
              "apellidos" => "Ramírez-Marroquín"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Magdalena"
              "apellidos" => "Kuri-Nivon"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X140599401056150X?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/14059940/0000008000000003/v0_201307091120/X140599401056150X/v0_201307091121/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:15 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "titulo" => "In-hospital outcome in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction and right bundle branch block. A sub-study from RENASICA II, a national multicenter registry"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "154"
        "paginaFinal" => "158"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:3 [
        "autoresLista" => "Úrsulo Juárez-Herrera, Carlos Jerjes Sánchez, Héctor González-Pacheco, Carlos Martínez-Sánchez"
        "autores" => array:4 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Úrsulo"
            "apellidos" => "Juárez-Herrera"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Carlos"
            "apellidos" => "Jerjes S&#225;nchez"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "affb"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "H&#233;ctor"
            "apellidos" => "Gonz&#225;lez-Pacheco"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Carlos"
            "apellidos" => "Mart&#237;nez-S&#225;nchez"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "affc"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:3 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Staff Coronary Care Unit of Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
            "identificador" => "affa"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Head of the Emergency Room Department, Hospital de Cardiología N° 34, IMSS. Monterrey, NL. Mexico"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
            "identificador" => "affb"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Head of the Coronary Care Unit. Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico. "
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
            "identificador" => "affc"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Evoluci&#243;n intrahospitalaria en pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio con elevaci&#243;n del segmento ST y bloqueo de rama derecha&#46; Sub-estudio de RENASICA II&#44; un registro nacional multic&#233;ntrico"
      ]
    ]
    "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
      "original" => 0
      "multimedia" => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig1"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "293v80n03-13156151fig1.jpg"
            "Alto" => 608
            "Ancho" => 995
            "Tamanyo" => 62864
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "RENASICA II Substudy patients recruited&#46;"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Introduction</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Data coming from reperfusion era showed&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span> that bundle branch block &#40;BBB&#41; in early acute phases of ST-elevation myocardial infarction &#40;STEMI&#41; had close relationship with high mortality&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> Although&#44; the evidences<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span> suggesting that the real incidence of a BBB is variable&#44; higher incidence of right bundle branch block &#40;RBBB&#41; over left bundle branch block &#40;LBBB&#41; has been identified&#46; In patients with RBBB extensive jeopardized myocardium involving interventricular septum&#44; could induce a worse in-hospital outcome&#46; In addition&#44; on ECG bases it is not possible to separate new or presumably new conduction disturbances from a pre-existing condition&#46; The purpose of this <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">post-hoc</span> subs-tudy was to identify in-hospital outcome and prognostic value of RBBB in STEMI from the largest Mexican acute coronary syndromes registry &#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4 </span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Methods</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The characteristics of RENASICA II registry has been previously published&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span> in brief&#58; it is a prospective and observational registry of the Mexican Cardiology Society that included 8098 patients with final diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome&#46; The main target was to identify a representative population to know diagnosis&#44; stratification and treatment trends&#46; Patients were enrolled in primary and tertiary hospitals&#46; To improve the quality of data&#44; criteria of Alpert were used&#46; The hospital varied in terms of access to on-site cardiac catheterization&#44; number of acute care beds and the type of practice setting&#46; Patients were selected during the hospital admission if they had high clinical suspicion of acute coronary syndromes with symptoms and signs of acute ischemia&#44; with or without electrocardiographic changes&#44; with necrosis or not and proved ischemic heart disease by invasive or non invasive test at discharge&#46; Patients with symptoms precipitated by anemia&#44; hypertension&#44; and heart failure or another secondary condition were not considered&#46; On admission and discharge nomenclature with or without ST elevation was standardized&#46; All treatment decisions were made at discretion of treating physicians&#46; In RENASICA tertiary hospitals with capabilities for coronary arteriography&#44; percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty &#40;PTCA&#41; and coronary artery bypass graft &#40;CABG&#41; surgery enrolled 90&#37; of the patients&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> In this substudy&#44; STEMI patients plus LBBB or RBBB were compared in terms of in-hospital outcome and MACE &#40;cardiovascular death&#44; recurrent ischemia and reinfarction&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Clinical and electrocardiographic criteria&#58; 1&#41; Characteristics and definitions of STEMI patients in RENASICA II have been previously published&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span> 2&#41; LBBB under universal criteria with &#8805; 120 msc QRS duration&#46; Exclusion criteria&#58; a&#41; acute ischemia precipitated by anemia&#44; hypertension&#44; heart failure or another secondary condition&#44; b&#41; well identified previous BBB and pacemaker rhythm&#46; </p><p class="elsevierStylePara">RBBB definition&#58; QRS duration &#8805; 120 msc&#44; with an rsr&#39;&#44; rsR&#39; in V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1 </span>or V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> leads&#44; R wave notched in V1 with prolonged R wave peak time &#62; 50 msc in V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> and normal peak time in V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span> and V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">6&#46; </span>Leads DI and V<span class="elsevierStyleInf">6</span> had to show a QRS complex with a wide S wave &#62; R duration or &#62; 40 msc&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span> ST segment deviation was measured at maximum J point&#46; Abnormal Q waves were interpreted according to the European Society of Cardiology &#47; American College of Cardiology consensus&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6 </span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Statistical Analysis&#58; </span>To analyze the clinical characteristics through non-parametric and parametric variables <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">chi-squared</span> test and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Student t</span> test were used&#46; To determine a normal or abnormal distribution&#44; Wilcoxon rank sum test was considered&#46; To analyze the relationship among mortality and mortality markers Pearson&#39;s correlation analysis was performed&#46; Through univariate&#44; logistic and multivariate regression analysis&#44; we examined the relationship between variables for atherosclerosis &#40;smoking habit&#44; diabetes mellitus&#44; systemic hypertension and dislipidemia&#44; etc&#46;&#41; and bad outcome &#40;&#62; 60 years of age&#44; diabetes mellitus&#44; anterior or extensive infarct&#44; LBBB&#44; ventricular dysfunction&#44; and expulsion fraction &#60; 40&#37;&#41; with mortality&#46; To evaluate the relationship between each marker and other variables a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model was used&#46; A <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60;0&#46;05 was considered statistically significant&#46; Data are presented in percentages&#44; mean standard deviation or median values&#44; odds ratio &#40;OR&#41; and confidence intervals 95&#37; &#40;CI&#41;&#46; </p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Results</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">RENASICA II registry enrolled a total of 8098 patients&#44; 4555 with final diagnosis of STEMI&#44; of these&#59; 4010 patients without BBB &#40;88&#37;&#41; and 545 patients with BBB &#40;11&#46;9&#37;&#41; were analyzed in this sub-study &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleBold">Figure 1</span>&#41;&#46; In this group&#44; 318 &#40;58&#46;3&#37;&#41; had RBBB and 227 &#40;41&#46;6&#37;&#41; LBBB&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Table1</span> shows demographic characteristics in both groups&#44; AMI location and Killip &#38; Kimbal status&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Table 2</span> shows reperfusion strategy and adjunctive treatment&#46; Regarding age&#44; major risk factors&#44; AMI location&#44; clinical expression of left ventricular dysfunction&#44; reperfusion strategies and adjunctive treatment no statistical differences were observed&#46; A trend for male gender&#44; incidence of anterior or inferior AMI&#44; pharmacological or mechanical reperfusion was observed in patients with RBBB compared to LBBB group&#46; Low use of reperfusion strategies and optimal treatment was observed in both groups&#46; In terms of mortality no statistically significant difference was observed among RBBB group compared with LBBB patients &#40;20&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span>&#46; 18&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#61; ns&#41;&#46; Among 4555 STEMI patients&#44; 1685 &#40;37&#37;&#41; were under fibrinolytic therapy&#44; the time to onset symptoms and drug administration was &#60; 2 hours in 31&#37;&#44; from 2 to 4 hours in 36&#37;&#44; 4 to 6 hours in 19&#37; and finally &#62; 6 hours in 15&#37;&#46; Primary or facilitated PTCA were performed in 15&#37;&#46; A logistic regression analysis performed to assess the effect of independent variables on mortality while adjusting for potentially confounding factors identified ECG findings as in-hospital mortality predictors &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleBold">Figure 2</span>&#41; including RBBB &#40;OR 1&#46;70&#44; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;19 - 2&#46;4&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#60; 0&#46;0003&#41;&#44; LBBB &#40;OR 1&#46;7&#44; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;1 - 2&#46;5&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#61; 0&#46;007&#41;&#44; AV block high-degree &#40;OR 2&#46;99&#44; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;9-3&#46;1&#41; and STEMI plus ST depression &#62; 3 ECG leads &#40;OR 3&#46;43&#44; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;51 - 7&#46;78&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> &#61; 0&#46;003&#41;&#46; Several multivariate regression models were applied to identify stronger correlation and a higher statistical significance for mortality&#46; In-hospital outcome and MACE are shown in <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Figure 3</span>&#46; A high incidence of cardiovascular mortality and MACE were observed in both groups&#46; </p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="293v80n03-13156151fig1.jpg" alt="Figure 1&#46; RENASICA II Substudy patients recruited&#46;"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Figure 1&#46; </span>RENASICA II Substudy patients recruited&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="293v80n03-13156151fig2.jpg" alt="Table 1&#46; Demographic characteristics&#44; acute myocardial infarction location and Killip &#38; Kimbal status&#46;"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="293v80n03-13156151fig3.jpg" alt="Table 2&#46; Reperfusion strategy and adjunctive treatment in patients with right and left bundle branch block&#46;"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="293v80n03-13156151fig4.jpg" alt="Figure 2&#46; ECG findings and logistic regression in hospital mortality predictors in ST elevation acute myocardial infarction&#46;"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Figure 2&#46;</span> ECG findings and logistic regression in hospital mortality predictors in ST elevation acute myocardial infarction&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="293v80n03-13156151fig5.jpg" alt="Figure 3&#46; Outcomes and in hospital comparison of MACE in both bundle branch block&#46;"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Figure 3&#46;</span> Outcomes and in hospital comparison of MACE in both bundle branch block&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Discussion</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Our data show four important findings&#46; First&#44; in-hospital outcome of STEMI patients with BBB was characterized by a high mortality&#46; Second&#44; as compared with LBBB&#44; RBBB ECG finding was a mortality predictor too&#46; Third&#44; focus in low use of reperfusion strategies and optimal adjunctive treatment is mandatory&#46; Fourth&#44; this could be the first evidence about the outcome of STEMI patients complicated with BBB coming from a Mexican representative population&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> In the setting of STEMI&#44; the clinical relevance of BBB has been established before and after reperfusion era&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span> In the Fibrinolytic Therapy Trialist&#39;s&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span> the mortality with or without thrombolysis was 19&#37; and 24&#37; respectively in the first 35 days&#46; The studies did not establish any distinction between RBBB or LBBB and did not specify if BBB were new or not&#46; Different types of BBB occurring during the initial hours of AMI with different prognostic implications that is independent of other prognostic factors&#46; </p><p class="elsevierStylePara">In our substudy&#44; patients with RBBB had trend to major incidence of anterior or inferior infarction compared to LBBB group&#46; In these patients ECG criteria for diagnosis of STEMI with LBBB possibly were not used&#46; An analysis based on simple ST segment changes&#44; may help identify patients with acute myocardial infarction who can then receive an appropriate reperfusion treatment &#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">In the earliest phase of STEMI&#44; independently of other prognostic factors&#44; several types of BBB occurred with different prognostic implications&#46; In our study it was not possible to identify the new appearance of BBB&#46; This abnormal conduction disturbance in a patient with acute chest pain is highly suggestive of infarction&#46; Ischemic changes superimposed on a pattern of chronic LBBB are easy to recognize when a previous ECG is available for comparison&#46; The timely availability of a previous ECG&#44; however&#44; is the exception rather than the rule&#46; An important issue of this study is that physicians at emergency room department have to decide to administer appropriate reperfusion strategy on the basis of only the most recent ECG&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">An interesting finding in this study was the relationship among STEMI&#44; RBBB and high incidence of MACE&#46; Several anatomic conditions could explain this outcome&#46; a&#41; Abnormal conduction disturbance traverses the interventricular septum toward the cardiac apex&#59; b&#41; in anterior acute myocardial infarction&#44; the proximal occlusion of the left anterior descending artery produces ischemia of the septum and RBBB&#59; c&#41; sometimes&#44; RBBB and LBBB divide into multiple portions with an atrio-ventricular branch&#44; constituting a true bifascicular conduction abnormality&#44; with a distribution network of anterosuperior and central fibers&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span> This variable anatomy in the conduction system produces variations when ischemia or necrosis occurs and causes conduction disturbances in STEMI&#44; explaining the variable incidences and prognostic meanings of the left fascicular blocks occurring simultaneously to RBBB&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span> The contributions from the Mexican school of electrocardiography in the diagnosis of RBBB has been described in three elegant terms&#58; a&#41; without &#34;jumping-wave&#34; phenomenon or minor grade block &#44; b&#41; with &#34;jumping-wave&#34; phenomenon &#44; and c&#41; with limited &#34;jumping-wave&#34; phenomenon or intermediate grade block&#46; The last two types are associated to ischemic conditions and dead septal tissue&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44; 13</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">In the present study patients with RBBB with anterior location AMI had a trend to high in-hospital mortality compared to LBBB patients&#46; This mortality in STEMI and RBBB may be explained by septal ischemia from a more proximal left anterior descending artery occlusion &#40;before the large septal branch&#41;&#46; It is important to emphasize than RBBB was a consistent risk marker&#44; as strong as&#44; LBBB for in-hospital mortality&#46; A wider QRS duration &#40;&#8805; 160 msec&#41; during anterior STEMI and RBBB may reflect more extensive ischemia in the conduction system&#59; currently this ECG finding has been used in the risk stratification&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span> In addition&#44; the observed mortality rates in STEMI were higher than expected and higher than reported previously&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span> this was not unexpected since a substantial proportion of patients had not access to reperfusion facilities&#46; Left ventricular dysfunction was the most important MACE and the strongest mortality predictor&#44; which is in line with the low incidence of reperfusion approaches and possible long ischemia time&#46; New pharmacological reperfusion directions including FT bolus&#44; as is currently used in several countries&#44; might improve even further STEMI outcome&#46; Current evidence to use an optimal treatment &#40;clopidogrel&#44; enoxaparin and statins&#41; was obtained after RENASICA&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">15 -17 </span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Clinical Implications&#58; </span>Abnormal conduction disturbances plus ST depression &#62; 3 leads&#44; in the setting of STEMI allowed to identify a high risk group to in-hospital mortality &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleBold">Figure 2</span>&#41;&#46; Prompt recognition and reperfusion strategies should improve survival&#46; In addition&#44; physicians have to have in mind that the timely availability of a previous ECG is the exception rather than the rule&#46; At emergency room department&#44; physicians in charge have to decide reperfusion strategies on the basis of only the most recent ECG&#46; Considering the significant proportion of patients without any reperfusion strategy&#44; new directions from the Health System and Mexican Cardiology Society are required to improve quality of care&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Limitations&#58; </span>As in all clinical trials&#44; a selection bias could have occurred in RENASICA II resulting in under-representation of very high-risk patients&#44; including those with RBBB accompanying anterior STEMI in the trial cohort&#46; In addition&#44; the ECG interpretation was not performed in all centers by experts in electrocardiography&#46; Thus&#44; it is not possible to study the different types of RBBB&#46; As this was a transversal study&#44; it was not possible to identify if BBB was a new condition&#46; </p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conclusion</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">In STEMI RBBB was an independent predictor of high inhospital mortality and had at least the same risk implication than LBBB&#46; Both should be considered in risk stratification to identify high risk patients&#46; </p><hr></hr><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Corresponding author&#58;</span> Carlos Mart&#237;nez-S&#225;nchez&#46;<br></br> Coronary Care Unit of Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog&#237;a Ignacio Ch&#225;vez&#46; Juan Badiano No&#46; 1&#46; Tlalpan&#46; Mexico City&#46; Col Secc&#46; XVI ZC 14080<br></br> Tel-Fax &#40;&#43;52&#43;55&#41; 54 85-99-99&#46;<br></br><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">E-mail&#58;</span><a href="mailto&#58;carlos&#46;martinez&#64;cardiologia&#46;org&#46;mx" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs">carlos&#46;martinez&#64;cardiologia&#46;org&#46;mx</a></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Received in June 1&#44; 2009&#59;<br></br> accepted in February 15&#44; 2010&#46;</p>"
    "pdfFichero" => "293v80n03a13156151pdf001.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec192566"
          "palabras" => array:1 [
            0 => "S&#237;ndrome coronario agudo&#59; Infarto del miocardio con elevaci&#243;n del ST&#59; Bloqueo de rama&#59; Bloqueo de rama derecha&#59; Mortalidad&#59; M&#233;xico"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec192565"
          "palabras" => array:1 [
            0 => "Acute coronary syndrome&#59; ST elevation myocardial infarction&#59; Bundle branch block&#59; Right bundle branch block&#59; Mortality&#59; Mexico"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        "resumen" => "Objective&#58; Compare in-hospital outcome in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction with right versus left bundle branch block&#46; Methods&#58; RENASICA II&#44; a national mexican registry enrolled 8098 patients with final diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome secondary to ischemic heart disease&#46; In 4555 STEMI patients&#44; 545 had bundle branch block&#44; 318 &#40;58&#46;3&#37;&#41; with right and 225 patients with left &#40;41&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#46; Both groups were compared in terms of in-hospital outcome through major cardiovascular adverse events&#59; &#40;cardiovascular death&#44; recurrent ischemia and reinfarction&#41;&#46; Multivariable analysis was performed to identify in-hospital mortality risk among right and left bundle branch block patients&#46; Results&#58; There were not statistical differences in both groups regarding baseline characteristics&#44; time of ischemia&#44; myocardial infarction location&#44; ventricular dysfunction and reperfusion strategies&#46; In-hospital outcome in bundle branch block group was characterized by a high incidence of major cardiovascular adverse events with a trend to higher mortality in patients with right bundle branch block &#40;OR 1&#46;70&#44; CI 1&#46;19 - 2&#46;42&#44; p &#60; 0&#46;003&#41;&#44; compared to left bundle branch block patients&#46; Conclusion&#58; In this sub-study right bundle branch block accompanying ST-elevation myocardial infarction of any location at emergency room presentation was an independent predictor of high in-hospital mortality&#46;"
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        "resumen" => "Objetivo&#58; Comparar la evoluci&#243;n hospitalaria en pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio con bloqueo de rama derecha versus bloqueo de rama izquierda&#46; M&#233;todo&#58; El Registro Nacional de S&#237;ndromes Coronarios Agudos II&#44; incluy&#243; 8098 pacientes con s&#237;ndrome coronario agudo&#44; de los cuales 4555 corresponden a infarto con elevaci&#243;n del segmento ST&#46; De ellos&#44; se demostr&#243; en 545 bloqueo de rama&#58; 318 &#40;58&#46;3&#37;&#41; tuvieron bloqueo de rama derecha y 227 &#40;41&#46;6&#37;&#41; bloqueo de rama izquierda&#46; Fueron comparados en t&#233;rminos de mortalidad hospitalaria y eventos cardiovasculares mayores adversos&#46; Se realiz&#243; un an&#225;lisis multivariado para identificar mortalidad hospitalaria a trav&#233;s de eventos mayores entre pacientes con ambos bloqueos de rama&#46; Resultados&#58; No hubo deferencia estad&#237;sticamente significativa en ambos grupos en relaci&#243;n con caracter&#237;sticas basales&#44; tiempo de isquemia&#44; localizaci&#243;n del infarto&#44; disfunci&#243;n ventricular o estrategia de reperfusi&#243;n utilizada&#46; Los pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio de cualquier localizaci&#243;n y bloqueo de rama derecha tuvieron mayor tendencia para mortalidad hospitalaria y eventos cardiovasculares mayores &#40;OR 1&#46;70&#44; IC 1&#46;19-2&#46;42&#44; p &#60; 0&#46;003&#41; vs&#46; pacientes con bloqueo de rama izquierda&#46; Conclusi&#243;n&#58; En el infarto agudo del miocardio con elevaci&#243;n del segmento ST&#44; el bloqueo de rama derecha fue un predictor independiente de alta mortalidad hospitalaria&#46;"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:5 [
      0 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig1"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "293v80n03-13156151fig1.jpg"
            "Alto" => 608
            "Ancho" => 995
            "Tamanyo" => 62864
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "RENASICA II Substudy patients recruited&#46;"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl1"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "tablaImagen" => array:1 [
                0 => array:4 [
                  "imagenFichero" => "293v80n03-13156151fig2.jpg"
                  "imagenAlto" => 1208
                  "imagenAncho" => 1020
                  "imagenTamanyo" => 159674
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "Demographic characteristics&#44; acute myocardial infarction location and Killip &#38; Kimbal status&#46;"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl2"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "tablaImagen" => array:1 [
                0 => array:4 [
                  "imagenFichero" => "293v80n03-13156151fig3.jpg"
                  "imagenAlto" => 1479
                  "imagenAncho" => 1020
                  "imagenTamanyo" => 183906
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "Reperfusion strategy and adjunctive treatment in patients with right and left bundle branch block&#46;"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig2"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "293v80n03-13156151fig4.jpg"
            "Alto" => 650
            "Ancho" => 1016
            "Tamanyo" => 80057
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "ECG findings and logistic regression in hospital mortality predictors in ST elevation acute myocardial infarction&#46;"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig3"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "293v80n03-13156151fig5.jpg"
            "Alto" => 633
            "Ancho" => 979
            "Tamanyo" => 62886
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "Outcomes and in hospital comparison of MACE in both bundle branch block&#46;"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Bibliography"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:1 [
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:17 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib1"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Am Heart J&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "Norris RM"
                            1 => "Croxon MS&#58; Bundle branch block in acute myocardial infarction&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "fecha" => "1970"
                        "volumen" => "79"
                        "paginaInicial" => "728"
                        "paginaFinal" => "733"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib2"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Incidencia&#44; caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas y significaci&#243;n pron&#243;stica del bloqueo de rama izquierda asociado a infarto agudo de miocardio&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "es"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "Melgarejo A"
                            1 => "Galcer&#225; J"
                            2 => "Garc&#237;a A"
                            3 => "et al&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "fecha" => "Rev Esp Cardiol 1999"
                        "volumen" => "52"
                        "paginaInicial" => "245"
                        "paginaFinal" => "252"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib3"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "The clinical significance of bundle branch block complicating acute myocardial infarction&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "Hindman MC"
                            1 => "Wagner GS"
                            2 => "JaRo M"
                            3 => "et al&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clinical characteristics, hospital mortality, and one-year follow-up"
                        "fecha" => "Circulation 1978"
                        "volumen" => "58"
                        "paginaInicial" => "679"
                        "paginaFinal" => "688"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib4"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "por los Investigadores del Registro Nacional de S&#237;ndromes Coronarios Agudos II&#46; Registro Nacional de S&#237;ndromes Coronarios Agudos&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "es"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "Castillo GA"
                            1 => "Jerjes-S&#225;nchez C"
                            2 => "Mart&#237;nez BP"
                            3 => "et al&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "RENASICA II"
                        "fecha" => "Arch Cardiol Mex 2005"
                        "volumen" => "75"
                        "paginaInicial" => "S6"
                        "paginaFinal" => "S19"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib5"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Criteria for intraventricular conduction disturbances and pre-exitation&#58; World Heart organization &#47; International Society and Federation for Cardiology Task Force&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "Willems JL"
                            1 => "Robles de Medina EO"
                            2 => "Bernard R"
                            3 => "et al&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Coll Cardiol"
                        "fecha" => "1985"
                        "volumen" => "5"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1261"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1275"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3889097"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib6"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "J Am Coll Cardiol&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "The Joint European Society of Cardiology &#47; American College of Cardiology Committee Myocardial Infarction Redefined&#58; a consensus document for the Joint European Society of Cardiology&#47; American College of Cardiology Committee for the redefinition of Myocardial infarction&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "36"
                        "paginaInicial" => "959"
                        "paginaFinal" => "969"
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0161642010006512"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "01616420"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib7"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Acute myocardial infarction and complete bundle branch block at hospital admission&#58; clinical characteristics and outcome in the thrombolytic era&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "Sgarbossa EB"
                            1 => "Pinski SL"
                            2 => "Topol EJ"
                            3 => "et al"
                            4 => "for the GUSTO Investigators&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "fecha" => "J Am Coll Cardiol 1998"
                        "volumen" => "31"
                        "paginaInicial" => "105"
                        "paginaFinal" => "110"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib8"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "For the Hirulog and Early Reperfusion or Occlusion &#40;HERO-2&#41; Trial Investigators&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "Wong CK"
                            1 => "Stewart RA"
                            2 => "Gao W"
                            3 => "et al&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Prognostic differences between different types of bundle branch block during the early phase of acute myocardial infarction: insights from the Hirulog and Early reperfussion or Oclussion (Hero-2) trial"
                        "fecha" => "Eur Heart J 2006"
                        "volumen" => "27"
                        "paginaInicial" => "21"
                        "paginaFinal" => "28"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib9"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "for the GUSTO Investigators&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "Sgarbossa EB"
                            1 => "Pinski SL"
                            2 => "Barbagelata A"
                            3 => "et al&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Electrocardiographic diagnosis of evolving acute myocardial infarction in the presence of left bundle-branch block"
                        "fecha" => "N Engl J Med 1996"
                        "volumen" => "334"
                        "paginaInicial" => "481"
                        "paginaFinal" => "487"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib10"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Genesis of cardiac arrhythmias&#58; electro-physiological considerations&#46; In&#58; Zipes DP&#44; Libby P&#44; Bonow RO&#44; Braunwald E&#46; editors&#46; Braunwald&#39;&#39;s Heart Disease&#58; A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "Rubart M"
                            1 => "Zipes DP&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "7th ed"
                        "fecha" => "Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders"
                        "volumen" => "2005"
                        "paginaInicial" => "653"
                        "paginaFinal" => "688"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib11"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Influence of right bundle branch block on short- and long- term survival after acute anterior myocardial infarction&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "Ricou F"
                            1 => "Nicod P"
                            2 => "Gilpin E"
                            3 => "et al&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "fecha" => "J Am Coll Cardioll 1991"
                        "volumen" => "17"
                        "paginaInicial" => "858"
                        "paginaFinal" => "863"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib12"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Enfoque electrofisiol&#243;gico del diagn&#243;stico de bloqueos ventriculares derechos no complicados y complicados&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "es"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "De Micheli A"
                            1 => "Medrano GA&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "fecha" => "Arch Inst Cardiol Mex 1996"
                        "volumen" => "66"
                        "paginaInicial" => "269"
                        "paginaFinal" => "281"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib13"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Aspectos el&#233;ctricos de la asociaci&#243;n de miocardio inactivable y bloqueos tronculares de grado intermedio&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "es"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "De Michel&#46;i"
                            1 => "Aranda A"
                            2 => "Medrano GA&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "fecha" => "Arch Cardiol Mex 2007"
                        "volumen" => "77"
                        "paginaInicial" => "67"
                        "paginaFinal" => "73"
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0161642011001308"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "01616420"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib14"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "On behalf of Hero 2 Investigators&#46; Risk stratification of patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction and right bundle branch block&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "Wong CK"
                            1 => "Wanzhen G"
                            2 => "Ralph AH"
                            3 => "et al&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Importance of QRS duration and early ST segment resolution after fibrinolytic therapy"
                        "fecha" => "Circulation 2006"
                        "volumen" => "114"
                        "paginaInicial" => "783"
                        "paginaFinal" => "789"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib15"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "for the CLARITY-TIMI 28 Investigators&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "Sabatine MS"
                            1 => "Cannon CP"
                            2 => "Gibson CM"
                            3 => "et al&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin and fibrinolytic therapy for myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation"
                        "fecha" => "N Engl J Med 2005"
                        "volumen" => "352"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1179"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1189"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib16"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "for the EXTRACT - TIMI 25 Investigators&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "Antman EM"
                            1 => "Morrow DA"
                            2 => "McCabe CH"
                            3 => "et al&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin for ST - elevation myocardial infarction"
                        "fecha" => "N Engl J Med 2006"
                        "volumen" => "354"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1477"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1488"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib17"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "for de Pravastatin or Atorvastatin Evaluation and Infection TIMI 22 Investigators&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "Cannon CP"
                            1 => "Braunwald E"
                            2 => "McCabe CH"
                            3 => "et al&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Intensive versus moderate lipid lowering with statins after acute coronary syndromes"
                        "fecha" => "N Engl J Med 2004"
                        "volumen" => "350"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1495"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1504"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/14059940/0000008000000003/v0_201307091120/X1405994010561518/v0_201307091121/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "14592"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "es" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Investigaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/14059940/0000008000000003/v0_201307091120/X1405994010561518/v0_201307091121/en/293v80n03a13156151pdf001.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/X1405994010561518?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
]
Article information
ISSN: 14059940
Original language: English
The statistics are updated each day
Year/Month Html Pdf Total
2024 November 5 2 7
2024 October 30 6 36
2024 September 31 6 37
2024 August 21 10 31
2024 July 18 6 24
2024 June 47 5 52
2024 May 76 4 80
2024 April 43 4 47
2024 March 55 4 59
2024 February 75 5 80
2024 January 40 7 47
2023 December 42 7 49
2023 November 32 7 39
2023 October 48 7 55
2023 September 30 2 32
2023 August 39 10 49
2023 July 63 3 66
2023 June 46 10 56
2023 May 28 3 31
2023 April 34 3 37
2023 March 29 2 31
2023 February 17 7 24
2023 January 12 3 15
2022 December 20 2 22
2022 November 23 6 29
2022 October 19 5 24
2022 September 25 5 30
2022 August 38 9 47
2022 July 20 8 28
2022 June 16 6 22
2022 May 17 7 24
2022 April 19 6 25
2022 March 41 9 50
2022 February 27 5 32
2022 January 49 16 65
2021 December 30 13 43
2021 November 46 14 60
2021 October 26 10 36
2021 September 36 10 46
2021 August 33 4 37
2021 July 20 10 30
2021 June 25 13 38
2021 May 58 5 63
2021 April 61 23 84
2021 March 71 8 79
2021 February 60 14 74
2021 January 54 10 64
2020 December 40 9 49
2020 November 42 3 45
2020 October 81 4 85
2020 September 22 7 29
2020 August 24 7 31
2020 July 17 3 20
2020 June 13 3 16
2020 May 30 9 39
2020 April 21 4 25
2020 March 26 1 27
2020 February 18 4 22
2020 January 24 3 27
2019 December 27 13 40
2019 November 17 11 28
2019 October 26 4 30
2019 September 24 6 30
2019 August 38 0 38
2019 July 35 6 41
2019 June 112 11 123
2019 May 229 19 248
2019 April 69 15 84
2019 March 18 1 19
2019 February 18 5 23
2019 January 9 8 17
2018 December 2 1 3
2018 November 7 1 8
2018 October 6 12 18
2018 September 28 4 32
2018 August 7 0 7
2018 July 4 0 4
2018 June 3 2 5
2018 May 7 0 7
2018 April 1 1 2
2018 March 4 0 4
2018 February 6 0 6
2018 January 14 0 14
2017 December 2 0 2
2017 November 9 2 11
2017 October 10 0 10
2017 September 7 0 7
2017 August 8 2 10
2017 July 5 2 7
2017 June 7 2 9
2017 May 12 1 13
2017 April 7 1 8
2017 March 21 2 23
2017 February 11 6 17
2017 January 7 0 7
2016 December 13 1 14
2016 November 9 0 9
2016 October 22 5 27
2016 September 13 0 13
2016 August 10 1 11
2016 July 11 0 11
2016 June 34 5 39
2016 May 28 13 41
2016 April 28 12 40
2016 March 38 13 51
2016 February 36 18 54
2016 January 41 20 61
2015 December 38 14 52
2015 November 26 5 31
2015 October 45 9 54
2015 September 31 7 38
2015 August 22 6 28
2015 July 19 2 21
2015 June 13 6 19
2015 May 17 7 24
2015 April 27 3 30
2015 March 29 5 34
2015 February 28 3 31
2015 January 28 6 34
2014 December 40 6 46
2014 November 37 4 41
2014 October 44 3 47
2014 September 42 3 45
2014 August 32 3 35
2014 July 29 2 31
2014 June 46 4 50
2014 May 34 0 34
2014 April 36 3 39
2014 March 75 15 90
2014 February 49 7 56
2014 January 45 14 59
2013 December 52 11 63
2013 November 44 5 49
2013 October 53 11 64
2013 September 64 4 68
2013 August 77 7 84
2013 July 50 6 56
2013 June 20 5 25
2013 May 22 7 29
2013 April 17 11 28
2013 March 13 8 21
2013 February 11 5 16
2013 January 8 2 10
2012 December 7 2 9
2012 November 0 2 2
2012 October 2 0 2
2012 September 1 1 2
2010 June 801 0 801
Show all

Follow this link to access the full text of the article

es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos