Artificial intelligence and new language models in ophthalmology: Complications of the use of silicone oil in vitreoretinal surgery

Asensio-Sánchez, V.M.

doi:10.1016/j.oftale.2023.06.009

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Asensio-Sánchez" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "V.M." "apellidos" => "Asensio-Sánchez" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "vmasensio@yahoo.es" ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Integrando la Inteligencia Artificial y los nuevos modelos de lenguaje en Oftalmología: complicaciones del uso del aceite de silicona en cirugía vítreo-retiniana" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "We have read with great interest the article by Valentín-Bravo et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">1</a> on artificial intelligence (AI) in ophthalmology, which states, among other things, that "AI can be part of the solution to this problem at both the clinical and academic level", "ChatGPT can facilitate the performance of multiple tasks. Information and facilitating training", "can improve the accuracy and quality of scientific texts", "facilitates personalised interaction with a patient and health education". I think the authors treat ChatGPT as their equal but ChatGPT is dumber than you might think. I do not share the authors' enthusiasm for ChatGPT: it lacks the ability to understand the complexity of human language and conversation. It is trained to generate words based on a given input, but it lacks the ability to understand the meaning behind those words (like parrots that learned to "pull the phonebook" to make video calls and feel less lonely)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">2</a>. When I asked ChatGPT to generate a cover letter for a university paper, it did so competently but uninspiredly. It also produced "exactly" the same letter for a job as a medical journal editor. To my query, the AI was unable to evaluate his work ("I am a large language model trained by OpenAI and do not have the ability to evaluate the quality of works or make esthetic judgements"). I then asked for a set of diagnostic criteria for an invented ophthalmological condition I called "Inherited visual malingering". The AI instantly wrote:Diagnostic criteria for hereditary visual impairment:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005">1A tendency not to be able to see and to be able to experience and express aggressive thoughts and feelings.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010">2Loss of vision associated with aggressive behaviour, particularly in interpersonal situations.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015">3Loss of vision associated with aggressive behaviour, indicating a possible genetic or hereditary component of the condition.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020">4Impairment of vision in social, occupational or other important areas of functioning as a result of aggressive behaviour.</li></ul>The answers are plausible but incorrect or nonsensical. The ability to make even incorrect information sound convincingly correct (look at "Inherited visual malingering" as an example) will certainly make information on the Internet even more questionable. In addition, ChatGPT lacks soft skills, which are a must: teamwork, attention to detail, critical and creative thinking, effective communication and interpersonal skills. These have to be present when conducting research such as publishing. AI is able to learn fast, but lacks common sense but is incapable of reasoning and refuting facts to the extent that humans can. As the authors say, "Scientific production is an essential task in our field. However, it can be tedious and requires a great deal of effort", so if you don't have time to publish, don't publish and don't be seduced by the overwhelming potential of AI.Conflict of interestNo conflict of interest." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec1030" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 1 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Integrando la Inteligencia Artificial y los nuevos modelos de lenguaje en Oftalmología: Complicaciones del uso del aceite de silicona en cirugía vítreo-retiniana" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "F.J. Valentín-Bravo" 1 => "E. Mateos-Álvarez" 2 => "R. Usategui-Martín" 3 => "C. Andrés-Iglesias" 4 => "J.C. Pastor-Jimeno" 5 => "S. Pastor-Idoate" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.oftale.2023.04.011" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol" "fecha" => "2023" "volumen" => "98" "paginaInicial" => "298" "paginaFinal" => "303" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37094759" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Kleinberger R, Cunha J, Vemuri M.M, Hirskyj-Douglas I. Birds of a Feather Video-Flock Together: Design and Evaluation of an Agency-Based Parrot-to-Parrot Video-Calling System for Interspecies Ethical Enrichment. CHI’23: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. April 2023; Article No: 534, Pages 1–16. Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581166">https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581166</a>." ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/21735794/0000009800000008/v1_202307310727/S2173579423001032/v1_202307310727/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "5813" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Letter to the Editor" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735794/0000009800000008/v1_202307310727/S2173579423001032/v1_202307310727/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173579423001032?idApp=UINPBA00004N"]

ISSN: 2173-5794
e-ISSN: 1989-7286

Archivos de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmología is the official journal of the Ophthalmology Society of Spain, that has over 4,000 members. It gives priority to the publication of basic, translational and clinic research including reviews, original articles, short communications, editorials, letters to the editor and clinic practice guides related to Ophthalmology and its subspecialties. A small section of the journal is reserved for the most relevant papers presented at the annual Congress of the Society. All manuscripts considered for publication are reviewed by expert examiner peers (double blind). The journal is published monthly and even though its official language is Spanish all articles are translated into English to increase the dissemination of scientific information. At present, Archivos is the only Spanish language Ophthalmology journal indexed in PubMed/MEDLINE in addition to other prestigious international databases such as Scopus.

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