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Gil-Hernández, L. Vidal-Oliver, F. Alarcón-Correcher, A. López-Montero, F. García-Ibor, N. Ruiz-del Río, A. Duch-Samper" "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "I." "apellidos" => "Gil-Hernández" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "igilher@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Vidal-Oliver" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "F." 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"apellidos" => "Duch-Samper" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Fundación Oftalmología Médica de la Comunidad Valenciana, Valencia, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital de Torrevieja, Alicante, Spain" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Facultad de Medicina, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Corresponding author</span>." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Concordancia inter e intraobservador en la medida de los agujeros maculares por tomografía de coherencia óptica" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2310 "Ancho" => 2508 "Tamanyo" => 298232 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(a–d). Bland-Altmann plots showing the differences (in microns) in MLD measurements for each observer. MLD: minimum linear diameter. MH: macular hole.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) is defined as a full-thickness retinal defect located in the fovea and resulting from vitreomacular traction (VMT).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Due to its location, it causes a severe decrease in visual acuity. This pathology has a prevalence of 7.8 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Gass established the first classification based on funduscopic findings,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> and later Hee et al. developed a new classification of FTMH based on optical coherence tomography (OCT).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">OCT has become the gold standard method used for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with FTMH.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> The International Vitreomacular Traction Study Group established a classification of FTMH into three groups according to their tomographic size: small (<250 µm), medium (250−400 µm) and large (>400 µm).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Recently, some authors have proposed establishing a cut-off point between 500 and 630 microns, from which the management of this pathology changes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7,8</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Treatment of FTMH may be conservative or require vitrectomy. The therapeutic indication and prognosis are conditioned by the size of the FTMH. Small holes have a higher closure rate after surgery, while large or recurrent holes may require additional surgical manoeuvres using grafts.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The method used for the measurement of FTMH is manual, performed by an ophthalmologist using the measurement tool or “caliper” available in the OCT image analysis platform. It is a simple and quick method that is performed multiple times during patient follow-up, often by different ophthalmologists.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aim of this study is to establish whether there are significant inter- and intra-observer differences, using the measurements of resident ophthalmologists and those of retinologists in our department.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Material and methods</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A retrospective, observational study carried out at the Ophthalmology Department of the Hospital Clínico de Valencia. All OCT scans with a diagnosis of FTMH that had an examination performed by ophthalmologists of the service on the DRI-OCT Triton device (Topcon ®, Japan) between 2017 and 2022, inclusive, were reviewed.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The inclusion criteria for the study required patients to be of legal age and to have a previous diagnosis of FTMH based on an OCT scan in our department. The presence of an OCT examination with radial-type slices centred on the macula, with quality higher than 47 out of 100 according to the DRI-TRITON® terminal's own established scale, was required. Exclusion criteria were the presence of an incomplete macular hole or the impossibility of examination due to media opacity.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The scans that met the pre-established criteria were analysed by 4 independent observers: 2 ophthalmology residents and 2 retinologists. The radial slice in which the FTMH was the largest was chosen, and in that same scan the minimum linear diameter (MLD) of the FTMH was measured, using the 1:1 and 1:2 viewing scales using the measurement tool of the IMAGENet 6 platform. Measurements were taken on separate days to avoid observation bias. The Microsoft Office Excel 2019 tool was used to collect the OCT data.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The primary study variable was macular hole MLD measured with the DRI-Triton® OCT caliper. Interobserver and intraobserver variability was analysed using the two-way random effect model of intraclass correlation coefficient. Intra-observer variability is shown with Bland-Altman plots for the two measurement scales (1:1 and 1:2).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> The software used for all analyses was RStudio (The R project, Version 4.1.2). The level of statistical significance is set at an alpha of 0.05.</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Results</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 34 OCT scans with a diagnosis of FTMH were analysed. The mean size of FTMH at minimum diameter for each observer is shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the study of intra-observer variability, the correlation was 0.98 in all cases. The Bland-Altman plots confirmed the homogeneous distribution of the measurements, with no major differences, especially in the group of retinologists. The measurements made by residents showed a slightly higher variability, although these differences were not significant (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Inter-observer variability showed similar results for the 1:1 and 1:2 scales (correlation coefficient 0.94 (95%CI 0.91−0.97, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> < .0001).</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Discussion</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">OCT is one of the most commonly used tools in retinal practices, providing non-invasive, fast and accurate information on the structure and size of FTMHs. Measurement of FTMH using the hand-held OCT tool is a fast and efficient method. According to our results, such measurements are reproducible between residents and retina specialists. Furthermore, we suggest that the scale of the image on which the measurement is performed does not influence the result.</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Multiple OCT structural indices have been studied in an attempt to establish a relationship with the best postoperative anatomical and functional outcome. MLD is the parameter used in numerous studies to assess the size of the FTMH. Ch'ng et al. studied the anatomical outcome after surgery of 258 FTMHs, and reported closure rates of over 91% for FTMHs up to 649 microns, dropping to 76% for lesions with an MLD above this figure. The added use of other surgical techniques to induce MH closure, such as internal limiting membrane (ILM) flaps, is suggested for larger FTMHs<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> or the adjuvant use of platelet concentrate.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the other hand, Ullrich et al. used the Hole Form Factor or HFF, for which the diameter at the level of the pigment epithelium (base diameter) is taken into account and divided by the minimum diameter of the MH. Kusuhara et al. published in 2004 the use of the MHI, macular hole index, which is calculated by dividing the height of the FTMH by the base diameter.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Subsequently, Ruiz-Moreno et al. presented two additional parameters, such as the diameter index (DHI), which is calculated by obtaining the ratio between the minimum diameter and the base diameter, and the traction index (ITH), which is obtained by dividing the height of the hole by the minimum diameter.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> To date, the minimum diameter of the FTMH appears to correlate best with postoperative outcome.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> In actual clinical practice it can be difficult to choose precisely the meridian with the widest diameter of a FTMH, so this measurement is also observer dependent.</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There is a study published by Panagiota et al. in 2020, which included 30 eyes with FTMH, and used the minimum diameter of the MH as the main study variable. The OCT measurement tool used by this group was the OCT-2000 (Topcon®). Their results showed low reproducibility in both intra- and inter-individual measurements. They suggest that the source of error may stem from both the selection of the OCT scan where the largest diameter of the FTMH is located, and the placement of the measuring tool or caliper. There is a difference between the Panagiota et al. study and the one presented here, as in our work the DRI OCT Triton (Topcon®) device was used.</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the other hand, the study conducted by Baumann et al. in 2021 analysed the repeatability and reproducibility of FTMH measurements using Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering ®, Germany), but comparing the MLD on a 1:1 scale by studying the horizontal and radial slices of the macula in 50 patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> This work reveals that the assessment of FTMH size based on horizontal linear slices centred on the macula underestimates the size of the MH compared to the radial mode, due to the fact that more than half of the FTMHs have their largest diameter on an axis away from the horizontal. Radial scans also have a higher detection rate of small FTMHs, as long as the scan is found to be fovea-centred.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In recent years, artificial intelligence has been applied to characterise FTMHs. Some studies have used deep learning in an endeavour to classify MHs according to their etiology. Xiao et al. tested up to 5 machine learning algorithms to assess the prognosis of FTMH after surgery, taking into account different indices of the MH, some of which have been mentioned previously. The algorithm that achieved the highest accuracy in predicting prognosis was the Random Forest algorithm.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> This study highlights the base diameter as the most important parameter for predicting postoperative outcome. However, this tool requires first of all manual measurement by ophthalmologists in order to perform the algorithm. Herein lies the importance of our study, to assess whether FTMH measurements performed manually by ophthalmologists have good reproducibility and repeatability. This would make it possible to give them prognostic value in routine clinical practice, and also within artificial intelligence algorithms in the future.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Conclusions</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">According to the present study, FTMH size values measured by DRI-Triton® OCT are reproducible between ophthalmic specialists and residents and are independent of the scale on which the measurement is made.</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflicts of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:11 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres2008244" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Background and objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Material and methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1720616" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres2008245" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Antecedentes y objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Material y métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1720615" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Material and methods" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 10 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2023-04-13" "fechaAceptado" => "2023-07-04" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1720616" "palabras" => array:2 [ 0 => "Full thickness macular hole" 1 => "Optic coherence tomography" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1720615" "palabras" => array:2 [ 0 => "Agujero macular espesor completo" 1 => "Tomografía coherencia óptica" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Background and objective</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A full-thickness macular hole (“FTMH”) is a foveal lesion caused by a defect in the full thickness of the neurosensory retina. Its diagnosis and the indication for surgical treatment take into account the measurement of the hole according to the tool provided by the OCT. This measurement can be performed by several ophthalmologists during the follow-up of a patient. The aim of this study is to find out whether there is intra-individual and inter-individual variability in these measurements.</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retrospective review of OCT b-scan images with a diagnosis of FTMH. Measurements of the minimum diameter of the FTMH were performed using the hand-held tool available on the DRI-Triton (Topcon, Japan) at 1:1 and 1:2 scales, on different days, by 2 retina specialists and 2 residents. These measurements were compared to assess inter-observer and intra-observer correspondence.</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Thirty-four images were analysed. For intra-observer variability, a correlation index higher than 0.98 was obtained in all cases. For inter-observer variability, the intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.94 (95% CI: 0.91−0.97) for the 1:1 scale, and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.91−0.97) for the 1:2 scale.</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">OCT-measured AMEC size values are reproducible between ophthalmic specialists and residents and are independent of the imaging scale at which the measurement is made.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Background and objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Material and methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Antecedentes y objetivo</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El agujero macular de espesor completo (AMEC) es una lesión foveal causada por un defecto del espesor completo de la retina neurosensorial. En su diagnóstico y en la indicación de tratamiento quirúrgico se tiene en cuenta la medida del agujero según la herramienta proporcionada por la OCT. Dicha medida puede ser realizada por varios oftalmólogos a lo largo del seguimiento de un paciente. El objetivo de este estudio es averiguar si existe variabilidad intra-individual e inter-individual en dichas mediciones.</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Material y métodos</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Revisión retrospectiva de imágenes de b-scans de OCT con diagnóstico de AMEC. Se realizaron mediciones del diámetro mínimo del AMEC mediante la herramienta manual disponible en el DRI-Triton (Topcon, Japón) en las escalas 1:1 y 1:2, en días diferentes, por 2 especialistas en retina y 2 residentes. Se compararon dichas mediciones para valorar la correspondencia inter-observador e intra-observador.</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se analizan 34 imágenes. Para la variabilidad intra-observador se obtuvo un índice de correlación superior a 0,98 en todos los casos. Para la variabilidad inter-observador, el coeficiente de correlación intraclase fue de 0,94 (IC95% 0.91−0,97) para la escala 1:1, y de 0,94 (IC95% 0.91−0,97) para la escala 1:2.</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los valores del tamaño de los AMEC medidos por OCT son reproducibles entre oftalmólogos especialistas y residentes y son independientes de la escala de la imagen en la que se realice dicha medición.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Antecedentes y objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Material y métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusiones" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2310 "Ancho" => 2508 "Tamanyo" => 298232 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(a–d). Bland-Altmann plots showing the differences (in microns) in MLD measurements for each observer. MLD: minimum linear diameter. MH: macular hole.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0010" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">FTMH: full-thickness macular hole.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Resident 1 (1:1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Resident 1 (1:2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Resident 2 (1:1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Resident 2 (1:2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Retinologist 1 (1:1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Retinologist 1 (1:2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Retinologist 2 ( 1:1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Retinologist 2 (1:2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Mean \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">421.66 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">421.81 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">405.11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">384.56 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">446.24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">449.26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">455.51 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">441.95 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">SD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">256.75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">259.37 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">246.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">252.51 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">267.11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">259.55 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">248.51 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">253.63 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Maximum value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">965 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">954 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">978 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">960 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">986 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">978 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">926 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">927 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Minimum value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">93 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">95 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">143 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">97 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">144 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">152 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">179 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">154 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3334616.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Measurements of the FTMHs taken on a 1:1 and 1:2 scale by the 4 observers.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:17 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Idiopathic senile macular hole. 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Inter- and intra-observer agreement in the measurement of macular holes by optical coherence tomography
Concordancia inter e intraobservador en la medida de los agujeros maculares por tomografía de coherencia óptica