metricas
covid
Buscar en
Atención Primaria
Toda la web
Inicio Atención Primaria Prevalence of HIV Infection in Patients Seen at Specialized Diagnosis Centers in...
Journal Information

Statistics

Follow this link to access the full text of the article

Prevalence of HIV Infection in Patients Seen at Specialized Diagnosis Centers in 9 Cities in Spain From 1992 to 2001
Prevalencia de VIH en pacientes de consultas especializadas en el diagnóstico de esta infección en ciudades españolas, 1992-2001
A. Barrasaa, J. del Romeroa, I. Pueyoa, C de Armasa, JA. Varelaa, JM. Ureñaa, FJ. Brua, MV. Aguanella, JR. Ordoñanaa, J. Balaguera, LM. Sáez de Vicuñaa, J. Castillaa
a EPI-VIH Group, Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Madrid, Spain.
Read
3923
Times
was read the article
845
Total PDF
3078
Total HTML
Share statistics
 array:21 [
  "pii" => "13061592"
  "issn" => "02126567"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2004-05-31"
  "documento" => "article"
  "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Aten Primaria. 2004;33:483-8"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 2415
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 43
      "HTML" => 1975
      "PDF" => 397
    ]
  ]
  "Traduccion" => array:1 [
    "es" => array:16 [
      "pii" => "13061610"
      "issn" => "02126567"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2004-05-31"
      "documento" => "article"
      "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
      "subdocumento" => "fla"
      "cita" => "Aten Primaria. 2004;33:483-8"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => true
        "ES2" => true
        "LATM" => true
      ]
      "gratuito" => true
      "lecturas" => array:2 [
        "total" => 3755
        "formatos" => array:3 [
          "EPUB" => 49
          "HTML" => 3350
          "PDF" => 356
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:12 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "titulo" => "Prevalencia de VIH en pacientes de consultas especializadas en el diagnóstico de esta infección"
        "tienePdf" => "es"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
        "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
          0 => "en"
          1 => "es"
        ]
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "483"
            "paginaFinal" => "488"
          ]
        ]
        "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
          "en" => array:1 [
            "titulo" => "Prevalence of the HIV Infection in Patients Seen at Specialized Diagnosis Centers in 9 Cities in Spain From 1992 to 2001"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
          "en" => true
          "es" => true
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
          "original" => 0
          "multimedia" => array:6 [
            "identificador" => "fig1"
            "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
            "mostrarFloat" => true
            "mostrarDisplay" => false
            "copyright" => "Elsevier España"
            "figura" => array:1 [
              0 => array:4 [
                "imagen" => "27v33n09-13061610fig01.jpg"
                "Alto" => 624
                "Ancho" => 400
                "Tamanyo" => 52571
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "A Barrasa, J del Romero, I Pueyo, C de Armas, JA Varela, JM Ureña, FJ Bru, MV Aguanell, JR Ordoñana, J Balaguer, LM Sáez de Vicuña, J Castilla"
            "autores" => array:12 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "A"
                "apellidos" => "Barrasa"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "J"
                "apellidos" => "del Romero"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "I"
                "apellidos" => "Pueyo"
              ]
              3 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "C de"
                "apellidos" => "Armas"
              ]
              4 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "JA"
                "apellidos" => "Varela"
              ]
              5 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "JM"
                "apellidos" => "Ureña"
              ]
              6 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "FJ"
                "apellidos" => "Bru"
              ]
              7 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "MV"
                "apellidos" => "Aguanell"
              ]
              8 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "JR"
                "apellidos" => "Ordoñana"
              ]
              9 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "J"
                "apellidos" => "Balaguer"
              ]
              10 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "LM"
                "apellidos" => "Sáez de Vicuña"
              ]
              11 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "J"
                "apellidos" => "Castilla"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:8 [
          "pii" => "13061592"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => true
            "ES2" => true
            "LATM" => true
          ]
          "gratuito" => true
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/13061592?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/13061610?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      "url" => "/02126567/0000003300000009/v0_201607111426/13061610/v0_201607111427/es/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:16 [
    "pii" => "13061610"
    "issn" => "02126567"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2004-05-31"
    "documento" => "article"
    "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Aten Primaria. 2004;33:483-8"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 3755
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 49
        "HTML" => 3350
        "PDF" => 356
      ]
    ]
    "es" => array:12 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Prevalencia de VIH en pacientes de consultas especializadas en el diagnóstico de esta infección"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "483"
          "paginaFinal" => "488"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Prevalence of the HIV Infection in Patients Seen at Specialized Diagnosis Centers in 9 Cities in Spain From 1992 to 2001"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:6 [
          "identificador" => "fig1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "copyright" => "Elsevier España"
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "27v33n09-13061610fig01.jpg"
              "Alto" => 624
              "Ancho" => 400
              "Tamanyo" => 52571
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "A Barrasa, J del Romero, I Pueyo, C de Armas, JA Varela, JM Ureña, FJ Bru, MV Aguanell, JR Ordoñana, J Balaguer, LM Sáez de Vicuña, J Castilla"
          "autores" => array:12 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "A"
              "apellidos" => "Barrasa"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "J"
              "apellidos" => "del Romero"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "I"
              "apellidos" => "Pueyo"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "C de"
              "apellidos" => "Armas"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "JA"
              "apellidos" => "Varela"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "JM"
              "apellidos" => "Ureña"
            ]
            6 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "FJ"
              "apellidos" => "Bru"
            ]
            7 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "MV"
              "apellidos" => "Aguanell"
            ]
            8 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "JR"
              "apellidos" => "Ordoñana"
            ]
            9 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "J"
              "apellidos" => "Balaguer"
            ]
            10 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "LM"
              "apellidos" => "Sáez de Vicuña"
            ]
            11 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "J"
              "apellidos" => "Castilla"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:8 [
        "pii" => "13061592"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/13061592?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/13061610?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/02126567/0000003300000009/v0_201607111426/13061610/v0_201607111427/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:15 [
    "pii" => "13061611"
    "issn" => "02126567"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2004-05-31"
    "documento" => "article"
    "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Aten Primaria. 2004;33:481-2"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 2269
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 45
        "HTML" => 1942
        "PDF" => 282
      ]
    ]
    "es" => array:9 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "«Spain is different» en la prevención y control del tabaquismo"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "481"
          "paginaFinal" => "482"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "¿Spain Is Different¿ in the Prevention and Monitoring of Tobacco Dependency"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "F Camarelles Guillem"
          "autores" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "Iniciales" => "F"
              "apellidos" => "Camarelles Guillem"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/13061611?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/02126567/0000003300000009/v0_201607111426/13061611/v0_201607111427/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "asociados" => array:1 [
    0 => array:16 [
      "pii" => "13061591"
      "issn" => "02126567"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2004-05-31"
      "documento" => "article"
      "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
      "subdocumento" => "fla"
      "cita" => "Aten Primaria. 2004;33:489-90"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => true
        "ES2" => true
        "LATM" => true
      ]
      "gratuito" => true
      "lecturas" => array:2 [
        "total" => 1860
        "formatos" => array:3 [
          "EPUB" => 41
          "HTML" => 1443
          "PDF" => 376
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:9 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "titulo" => "Commentary: HIV Infection: Are We Doing Our Homework?"
        "tienePdf" => "en"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "489"
            "paginaFinal" => "490"
          ]
        ]
        "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
          "en" => array:1 [
            "titulo" => "Comentario: Infección por el VIH: ¿hacemos los deberes?"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "en" => true
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "V Thomas Mulet"
            "autores" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "Iniciales" => "V"
                "apellidos" => "Thomas Mulet"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:8 [
          "pii" => "13061609"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => true
            "ES2" => true
            "LATM" => true
          ]
          "gratuito" => true
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/13061609?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/13061591?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      "url" => "/02126567/0000003300000009/v0_201607111426/13061591/v0_201607111427/en/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "en" => array:15 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "titulo" => "Prevalence of HIV Infection in Patients Seen at Specialized Diagnosis Centers in 9 Cities in Spain From 1992 to 2001"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "483"
        "paginaFinal" => "488"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:3 [
        "autoresLista" => "A Barrasa, J del Romero, I Pueyo, C de Armas, JA Varela, JM Ureña, FJ Bru, MV Aguanell, JR Ordoñana, J Balaguer, LM Sáez de Vicuña, J Castilla"
        "autores" => array:12 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "A"
            "apellidos" => "Barrasa"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "J"
            "apellidos" => "del Romero"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "I"
            "apellidos" => "Pueyo"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "C de"
            "apellidos" => "Armas"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "JA"
            "apellidos" => "Varela"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          5 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "JM"
            "apellidos" => "Ure&#241;a"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          6 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "FJ"
            "apellidos" => "Bru"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          7 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "MV"
            "apellidos" => "Aguanell"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          8 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "JR"
            "apellidos" => "Ordo&#241;ana"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          9 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "J"
            "apellidos" => "Balaguer"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          10 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "LM"
            "apellidos" => "S&#225;ez de Vicu&#241;a"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          11 => array:3 [
            "Iniciales" => "J"
            "apellidos" => "Castilla"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "affa"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "EPI-VIH Group, Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Madrid, Spain."
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
            "identificador" => "affa"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Prevalencia de VIH en pacientes de consultas especializadas en el diagn&#243;stico de esta infecci&#243;n en ciudades espa&#241;olas&#44; 1992-2001"
      ]
    ]
    "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
      "original" => 0
      "multimedia" => array:6 [
        "identificador" => "fig1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "27v33n09-13061592fig01.jpg"
            "Alto" => 599
            "Ancho" => 389
            "Tamanyo" => 47497
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<p class="elsevierStylePara">Introduction</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Treatments for HIV infection have not achieved a definitive cure&#44; and prevention therefore continues to be the main strategy in the fight against this epidemic&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span> The entire population is potentially susceptible to HIV infection&#59; however&#44; the prevalence is much higher in collectives with a higher frequency of risk exposure&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span> Because prevention is most effective when it is adapted to the characteristics of a specific population&#44; information is needed regarding the main groups who are affected&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">By the end of the 1980s the prevalence of HIV infection in Spain had reached high levels&#58; about 50&#37; in intravenous drug users &#40;IVDU&#41;&#44; 25&#37; in gay men&#44; 9&#37; in female sex workers&#44; and 7&#37; in persons with heterosexual risk behaviors&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span> Since then a number of preventive interventions have been initiated to change the situation&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span> and more recent studies have reported decreases in the rates of infection&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5-7</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The diagnosis of HIV infection and counseling to avoid risk behaviors are aimed at a generally healthy population&#44; and this makes the role of primary care fundamental in providing access to these measures&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span> However&#44; the high demand for these services in some cities led to the creation of alternative centers and offices specialized in HIV counseling and diagnosis&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span> These centers have become reference points for particular collectives who engage in high-risk behaviors&#44; and handle a large number of requests for HIV testing&#46; In the present study we analyze the activity of these alternative centers in 9 cities in Spain&#44; and describe here the prevalence of HIV infection for different types of risk exposure in the population who consulted between 1992 and 2001&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Participants and methods</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">This study was carried out in a network of 10 public health centers specialized in the diagnosis of HIV infection&#44; some of which are also specialized in other sexually transmitted diseases&#46; These centers were located in the cities of Seville&#44; Granada&#44; Malaga&#44; Gij&#243;n&#44; Tenerife&#44; Madrid &#40;2 centers&#41;&#44; Murcia&#44; Cartagena and Vitoria&#46; All offered free HIV testing on demand&#44; and users were not required to show proof of identity&#46; Patients could provide their own name&#44; an alias or a code name to collect the results and for subsequent medical follow-up&#46; The specially trained health care staff provided preventive counseling when the test was requested&#44; and when the patient returned to collect the results&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">In the present analysis we considered all patients older than 12 years who requested their first HIV test at any of the centers during the period from 1992 to 2001&#46; During the interview prior to the test information was recorded on age&#44; sex&#44; intravenous drug use&#44; high-risk sexual exposure involving risk of HIV transmission&#44; and whether the patient was a sex worker&#46; Depending on the type of risk involved&#44; persons were classified into mutually exclusive exposure categories in decreasing order of priority as follows&#58; IVDU&#44; homo- or bisexual men&#44; female sex workers&#44; and heterosexual men and women with no other sources of exposure&#46; For all patients the presence of HIV antibodies was determined in serum samples with an ELISA technique&#44; and positive samples were verified with western blotting or immunofluorescence&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The &#42;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> test was used to compare proportions&#44; and Student&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> test was used to compare means&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="27v33n09-13061592fig01.jpg"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Results</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Description of Persons Who Request HIV Testing</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Between 1992 and 2001 a total of 53 183 persons had their first HIV test at these centers&#46; The number of persons tested per year increased by 46&#37;&#44; from 4401 in 1992 to 6407 in 2001&#46; The percentage of women increased from 38&#46;3&#37; in 1992-1993 to 51&#46;6&#37; in 2000-2001 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;001&#41;&#46; More than half of the persons tested &#40;54&#46;6&#37;&#41; were between 20 and 29 years of age&#44; and this proportion did not change significantly during the study period &#40;Table 1&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="27v33n09-13061592tab02.gif"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">About half of the persons tested &#40;excluding sex workers&#41; were heterosexual&#44; and this proportion showed a slight tendency to increase from 49&#46;4&#37; in 1992-1993 to 53&#46;8&#37; in 2000-2001 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;001&#41;&#46; The number of IVDU decreased by 88&#37;&#44; from 15&#46;3&#37; in 1992-1993 to 1&#46;4&#37; in 2000-2001 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;001&#41;&#46; In contrast&#44; the proportion of female sex workers showed the greatest increase&#44; from 6&#46;7&#37; to 25&#46;1&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;001&#41;&#46; The number of homosexual or bisexual men tested remained relatively constant throughout the study period&#44; although the proportion of patients belonging to this group decreased from 23&#46;3&#37; to 16&#46;7&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;001&#41; &#40;Table 1&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Description of Persons Diagnosed as Having HIV Infection</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">During the 10-year study period a total of 2898 HIV infections were diagnosed in patients who came to the centers for the first time&#46; The number of diagnoses decreased by 71&#37;&#44; from 1058 in 1992-1993 to 304 in 2000-2001&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">More than three fourths &#40;78&#37;&#41; of the persons diagnosed has having HIV infection were men&#44; and no clear tendency was noted in this percentage&#46; Mean age remained unchanged at about 29 years&#44; and increased only among IVDU&#44; from 27 to 32 years &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;001&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The number of patients diagnosed as having HIV infection decreased in all exposure categories with the only exception of female sex workers&#46; The greatest decrease was seen in IVDU&#44; from 49&#46;0&#37; of all persons diagnosed in 1992-1993 to 13&#46;5&#37; in 2000-2001 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;001&#41;&#46; This marked decrease in IVDU was reflected as a corresponding increase in the percentages of patients in all other transmission categories &#40;Table 2&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="27v33n09-13061592tab03.gif"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Evolution of seroprevalence of HIV</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Seroprevalence of HIV in persons who requested the test showed a steady decrease from 14&#37; in 1992 to 2&#37; in 2001 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;001&#41;&#44; although the decline has slowed in recent years &#40;Figure 1&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="27v33n09-13061592fig04.jpg"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Figure 1&#46; Evolution of HIV prevalence in persons who were tested&#44; 1992-2001&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">&#160;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Among IVDU&#44; seroprevalence of HIV decreased from 38&#46;4&#37; in 1992 to 23&#46;8&#37; in 2001 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;008&#41; &#40;Figure 2a&#41;&#44; but remained much higher than in the rest of the exposure categories&#46; In homosexual and bisexual men&#44; this figure declined during the same period from 19&#46;7&#37; to 7&#46;9&#37; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;001&#41;&#46; This decrease was more pronounced during the initial years of the study period&#44; but little further decrease was seen during the final years of the study &#40;Figure 2b&#41;&#46; In female sex workers the prevalence of HIV infection decreased from 2&#46;5&#37; in 1992 to 0&#46;8&#37; in 2001 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;007&#41;&#44; although no particular trend was evident during the final years of the study &#40;Figure 2c&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="27v33n09-13061592fig05.jpg"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Figure 2&#46; Evolution of HIV prevalence in persons who were tested&#44; according to exposure category&#44; 1992-2001&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">&#160;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Among persons exposed via heterosexual risk behaviors the prevalence of HIV infection also decreased in both men and women&#46; In men the prevalence declined from 2&#46;3&#37; in 1992 to 1&#46;0&#37; in 2001 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;005&#41;&#46; In women the initial prevalence was nearly double that in men at the start of the study &#40;4&#46;0&#37; vs 2&#46;3&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;028&#41;&#44; so the decrease was more pronounced&#44; such that by the end of the study period the difference between sexes has disappeared &#40;1&#46;0&#37; in men vs 1&#46;1&#37; in women&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#61;&#46;918&#41; &#40;Figure 2d&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Discussion</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">This study found a decrease in the prevalence of HIV infection in persons who came for testing between 1992 and 2001 because of possible risk exposure&#46; The prevalence decreased in all exposure categories&#44; and the decreases were more pronounced during the early years of the study&#44; with a trend toward stabilization during the final years&#46; Moreover&#44; we found a clear decrease in the number of IVDU who came to the centers to request their first HIV test&#46; The steady decrease in this exposure category&#44; initially associated with a high prevalence of infection&#44; was a major contributing factor to the decrease in overall prevalence&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">This study comprised a large number of participants in widely distant geographical areas within Spain&#46; However&#44; the profile of risk categories for users who came to these centers was different from the overall profile for the HIV epidemic in Spain&#58; in our study homosexual men and female sex workers were over-represented&#46; Moreover&#44; the results should be interpreted in the light of the fact that persons who requested the test voluntarily probably perceived themselves to be at risk&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The yearly increase in the number of persons who came to these centers for the first time to request HIV testing seems to indicate a growing awareness by some collectives of the advantages of knowing ones HIV status&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Among those who requested HIV testing&#44; the decline in the number of IVDU was noteworthy&#46; This is consistent with the decrease in the number of new IVDU observed in Spain&#44; as a result of shifts toward other routes of administration of controlled substances<span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span> and the decline in the number of young IVDU&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;13</span> In addition&#44; among IVDU we detected a moderate decrease in the prevalence of HIV infection&#44; which reflects a lower risk among injection drug users possibly because of the effect of needle exchange programs&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span> These changes have all contributed to the considerable decrease in the number of new infections among IVDU&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The number of female sex workers who request the test has increased considerably in recent years&#46; Information available to date is insufficient to determine whether this is due to an actual increase in the size of this group&#44; or to an increase in the proportion of members who request HIV testing&#46; However&#44; both factors are likely to be involved&#46; Other studies have reported an increase in the presence of immigrant women who work as sex workers in Spain&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span> Of the collectives we studied&#44; this group showed the lowest prevalence of HIV infection&#44; with a rate similar to that in the general population of young adults&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Homosexual men make up a large group of continuous users of these centers&#46; In contrast to IVDU&#44; the number of homosexual men seems to be more stable owing to the steady influx of young men into this group&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span> The prevalence of HIV infection in this collective decreased during the initial years of the study&#44; but by the end of the study period the decline had leveled off at rates that can still be considered high&#46; This pattern indicates the persistence of risk behaviors during sexual relations in these men&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Throughout the study period&#44; the possibility of heterosexual exposure remained the most frequent reason for requesting an HIV test&#44; and this category was equally frequent in men and women after sex workers were excluded&#46; The prevalence of HIV infection in this group has remained higher than in female sex workers&#46; During the early years of the study the prevalence was higher in women than in heterosexual men&#44; possibly because women were more likely to have a sexual partner who was HIV infected&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;17</span> This prevalence subsequently decreased&#44; and eventually the difference between sexes disappeared&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Once notification systems for HIV infection<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;18&#44;19</span> were established and sentinel physicians were incorporated into primary care&#44;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span> we detected a change in the epidemic in Spain&#46; The decrease in the influence of IVDU on the statistics meant that most of the HIV infections diagnosed more recently have been ascribed to sexual transmission&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span> However&#44; this effect does not necessarily mean that infections via this route of transmission have increased&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Alternative centers for the diagnosis of HIV infection play an important role in lightening the burden on primary care centers within the health care network&#44; and in facilitating access by some types of patient to preventive counseling and testing&#46; However&#44; these centers are only available certain cities&#44; and their influence is limited to those persons who seek help voluntarily&#46; Therefore these centers cannot take the place of primary care in making diagnostic tests for HIV available to all citizens&#46; Moreover&#44; primary care services are also able to reach persons who&#44; although not considered at risk&#44; may have been exposed to HIV&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span> To ensure the availability of adequate care to all persons&#44; these services should incorporate the detection of risk behaviors and preventive counseling for patients who are perceived to be at potential risk of exposure&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="27v33n09-13061592fig06.jpg"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Members of the EPI-VIH Group</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> J&#46; del Romero&#44; C&#46; Rodr&#237;guez&#44; S&#46; Garc&#237;a&#44; J&#46; Ballesteros&#44; P&#46; Clavo&#44; M&#46;A&#46; Neila&#44; S&#46; del Corral&#44; N&#46; Jerez &#40;Centro Sanitario Sandoval&#44; Madrid&#41;&#59; I&#46; Puedo&#44; M&#46;A&#46; Mendo&#44; M&#46; Rubio &#40;Centro de ETS&#44; Sevilla&#41;&#59; C&#46; de Armas&#44; E&#46; Garc&#237;a-Ramos&#44; M&#46;A&#46; Guti&#233;rrez&#44; J&#46; Rodr&#237;guez-Franco&#44; L&#46; Capote&#44; L&#46; Haro&#44; D&#46; N&#250;&#241;ez &#40;Centro Dermatol&#243;gico&#44; Tenerife&#41;&#59; J&#46;A&#46; Varela&#44; C&#46; L&#243;pez &#40;Unidad de ETS&#44; Gij&#243;n&#41;&#59; J&#46;M&#46; Ure&#241;a&#44; J&#46;B&#46; Egea&#44; E&#46; Castro&#44; A&#46;M&#46; Calzas&#44; C&#46; Garc&#237;a&#44; M&#46; Lorente &#40;Centro de ETS&#44; Granada&#41;&#59; F&#46;J&#46; Bru&#44; C&#46; Colomo&#44; R&#46; Mart&#237;n&#44; A&#46; Comuni&#243;n &#40;Programa de Prevenci&#243;n del Sida&#44; Madrid&#41;&#59; M&#46;V&#46; Aguanell&#44; F&#46; Montiel&#44; A&#46;M&#46; Burgos &#40;Centro de ETS&#44; M&#225;laga&#41;&#59; J&#46;R&#46; Ordo&#241;ana&#44; J&#46;J&#46; Guti&#233;rrez&#44; J&#46; Ballester&#44; F&#46; P&#233;rez &#40;Unidad de Prevenci&#243;n y Educaci&#243;n sobre Sida&#44; Murcia&#41;&#59; J&#46; Balaguer&#44; J&#46; Dur&#225;n &#40;Centro de Salud &#193;rea II&#44; Cartagena&#41;&#59; J&#46; Ortueta&#44; L&#46;M&#46; S&#225;ez de Vicu&#241;a &#40;Direcci&#243;n Territorial de &#193;lava&#41;&#59; P&#46; Sobrino&#44; A&#46; Barrasa&#44; M&#46;J&#46; Belza&#44; J&#46; Castilla &#40;Centro Nacional de Epidemiolog&#237;a&#44; Instituto de Salud Carlos III&#44; Madrid&#41;&#46;</p>"
    "pdfFichero" => "27v33n09a13061592pdf001.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec691273"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "HIV"
            1 => "Risk behaviors"
            2 => "Diagnosis"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec691274"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "VIH"
            1 => "Conductas de riesgo"
            2 => "Diagn&#243;stico"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "resumen" => "Objetivo&#46; Describir la prevalencia del VIH en personas que se realizaron la prueba entre 1992 y 2001&#46; Dise&#241;o&#46; Estudio epidemiol&#243;gico descriptivo transversal&#46; Emplazamiento&#46; Diez centros ambulatorios especializados en diagn&#243;stico del VIH en 9 ciudades espa&#241;olas&#46; Participantes&#46; Un total de 53&#46;183 personas mayores de 12 a&#241;os analizadas por primera vez para el VIH&#46; Mediciones principales&#46; N&#250;mero anual de personas analizadas&#44; de diagn&#243;sticos de VIH y de seroprevalencia en funci&#243;n del sexo&#44; la edad y las categor&#237;as de exposici&#243;n&#46; Resultados&#46; El n&#250;mero de personas analizadas aument&#243; desde 4&#46;401 en 1992 hasta 6&#46;407 en 2001&#46; Aproximadamente la mitad refer&#237;a exposiciones heterosexuales de riesgo&#44; excluida la prostituci&#243;n&#46; Los usuarios de drogas por v&#237;a parenteral &#40;UDVP&#41; pasaron del 15&#44;3&#37; en 1992-1993 al 1&#44;4&#37; en 2000-2001&#44; y las mujeres que ejerc&#237;an la prostituci&#243;n aumentaron del 6&#44;7 al 25&#44;1&#37;&#46; Se diagnostic&#243; a 2&#46;898 personas infectadas por el VIH&#44; de las que el 78&#37; era varones&#46; El n&#250;mero de diagn&#243;sticos disminuy&#243; de 1&#46;058 en 1992-1993 a 304 en 2000-2001&#44; tendencia observada en todas las categor&#237;as de exposici&#243;n excepto en las mujeres que ejerc&#237;an la prostituci&#243;n y en los varones con riesgo heterosexual&#46; La prevalencia descendi&#243; del 14&#37; en 1992 al 2&#37; en 2001&#46; Se produjeron descensos en todas las categor&#237;as de exposici&#243;n&#44; m&#225;s pronunciados en los primeros a&#241;os y con una posterior tendencia a la estabilizaci&#243;n&#44; con valores que en 2001 fueron&#58; 23&#44;8&#37; en UDVP&#44; 7&#44;9&#37; en homosexuales&#44; 0&#44;8&#37; en prostituci&#243;n y 1&#37; en otros heterosexuales&#46; Conclusiones&#46; Estos centros realizan una importante labor de diagn&#243;stico del VIH que complementa a la de atenci&#243;n primaria&#46; Es preciso dar mayor impulso a la prevenci&#243;n&#46;"
      ]
      "en" => array:1 [
        "resumen" => "Objective&#46; To describe the prevalence of HIV infection in persons tested between 1992 and 2001&#46; Design&#46; Descriptive&#44; cross-sectional epidemiological study&#46; Setting&#46; 10 ambulatory centers specialized in diagnosing HIV&#44; located in 9 cities in Spain&#46; Participants&#46; 53 183 persons older than 12 years&#44; tested for the first time for HIV&#46; Main measures&#46; Number of persons tested per year&#44; number of persons diagnosed as seropositive for HIV according to sex&#44; age group and category of exposure&#46; Results&#46; The number of persons tested increased from 4401 in 1992 to 6407 in 2001&#46; Approximately half reported heterosexual risk exposure&#47;exposure through high-risk heterosexual behaviors&#44; excluding prostitution&#46; Intravenous drug users &#40;IVDU&#41; increased from 15&#46;3&#37; in 1992-1993 to 1&#46;4&#37; in 2000-2001&#44; and women prostitutes&#47;female sex workers increased from 6&#46;7&#37; to 25&#46;1&#37;&#46; A total of 2898 persons were diagnosed as having HIV infection&#59; 78&#37; of them were men&#46; The number of diagnoses decreased from a high of 1058 in 1992-1993 to 304 in 2000-2001&#44; and this trend was seen for all categories of exposure except female prostitutes and men with heterosexual risk factors&#46; The prevalence decreased from 14&#37; in 1992 to 2&#37; in 2001&#46; There were decreases in all categories of exposure&#44; especially during the first years of the study&#44; with a tendency to level off&#46; In 2001 the prevalence figures were 23&#46;8&#37; for IVDU&#44; 7&#46;9&#37; for homosexual men and women&#44; 0&#46;8&#37; for female sex workers and 1&#37; for other heterosexual men and women&#46; Conclusions&#46; The specialized diagnostic centers play an important role in diagnosing HIV&#44; and this service complements primary care services&#46; Greater efforts are needed in the prevention of HIV infection&#46;"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:12 [
      0 => array:6 [
        "identificador" => "fig1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "27v33n09-13061592fig01.jpg"
            "Alto" => 599
            "Ancho" => 389
            "Tamanyo" => 47497
          ]
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:6 [
        "identificador" => "tbl1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "tablaImagen" => array:1 [
                0 => array:4 [
                  "imagenFichero" => "27v33n09-13061592tab02.gif"
                  "imagenAlto" => 463
                  "imagenAncho" => 814
                  "imagenTamanyo" => 25662
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:6 [
        "identificador" => "tbl2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "tablaImagen" => array:1 [
                0 => array:4 [
                  "imagenFichero" => "27v33n09-13061592tab03.gif"
                  "imagenAlto" => 342
                  "imagenAncho" => 816
                  "imagenTamanyo" => 22138
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig2"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "27v33n09-13061592fig04.jpg"
            "Alto" => 361
            "Ancho" => 382
            "Tamanyo" => 19645
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "Evolution of HIV prevalence in persons who were tested&#44; 1992-2001&#46;"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig3"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "27v33n09-13061592fig05.jpg"
            "Alto" => 569
            "Ancho" => 809
            "Tamanyo" => 70261
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "Evolution of HIV prevalence in persons who were tested&#44; according to exposure category&#44; 1992-2001&#46;"
        ]
      ]
      5 => array:6 [
        "identificador" => "fig4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "27v33n09-13061592fig06.jpg"
            "Alto" => 664
            "Ancho" => 389
            "Tamanyo" => 78237
          ]
        ]
      ]
      6 => array:5 [
        "identificador" => "fig5"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
      ]
      7 => array:5 [
        "identificador" => "tbl3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
      ]
      8 => array:5 [
        "identificador" => "tbl4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
      ]
      9 => array:5 [
        "identificador" => "fig6"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
      ]
      10 => array:5 [
        "identificador" => "fig7"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
      ]
      11 => array:5 [
        "identificador" => "fig8"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a"
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Bibliography"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:1 [
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:20 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib1"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "VIH y sida en España. Situación epidemiológica, 2001. Madrid: Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, 2002."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "VIH y sida en Espa&#241;a&#46; Situaci&#243;n epidemiol&#243;gica&#44; 2001&#46; Madrid&#58; Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo&#44; 2002&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "es"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "Secretar&#237;a del Plan Nacional sobre el Sida&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib2"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Vigilancia Epidemiológica del Sida en España. Situación a 31 de diciembre de 2002. Bol Epidemiol Semanal 2002;10:269-76."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Vigilancia Epidemiol&#243;gica del Sida en Espa&#241;a&#46; Situaci&#243;n a 31 de diciembre de 2002&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "es"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "Centro Nacional de Epidemiolog&#237;a&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Bol Epidemiol Semanal"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "269"
                        "paginaFinal" => "76"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib3"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en la población española (II). Metaanálisis de las tendencias temporales y geográficas. Med Clin (Barc) 1990; 95:366-71."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Infecci&#243;n por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en la poblaci&#243;n espa&#241;ola &#40;II&#41;&#46; Metaan&#225;lisis de las tendencias temporales y geogr&#225;ficas&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "es"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "Fern&#225;ndez Sierra MA"
                            1 => "G&#243;mez Olmedo M"
                            2 => "Delgado Rodr&#237;guez M"
                            3 => "G&#225;lvez Vargas R&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Clin (Barc)"
                        "fecha" => "1990"
                        "volumen" => "95"
                        "paginaInicial" => "366"
                        "paginaFinal" => "71"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib4"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Infección por VIH y Sida en España. Plan Multisectorial 2001-2005. Madrid: Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, 2001."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Infecci&#243;n por VIH y Sida en Espa&#241;a&#46; Plan Multisectorial 2001-2005&#46; Madrid&#58; Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo&#44; 2001&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "es"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "Secretar&#237;a del Plan Nacional sobre el Sida&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib5"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in parenteral drug users: evolution of epidemic over 10 years. Int J Epidemiol 1999;28: 335-40."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Human immunodeficiency virus &#40;HIV&#41; infection in parenteral drug users&#58; evolution of epidemic over 10 years&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:7 [
                            0 => "Hern&#225;ndez-Aguado I"
                            1 => "Avi&#241;&#243; MJ"
                            2 => "P&#233;rez-Hoyos S"
                            3 => "Ruiz-P&#233;rez I"
                            4 => "Torrella A"
                            5 => "Garc&#237;a de la Hera M"
                            6 => "et al&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Epidemiol"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "28"
                        "paginaInicial" => "335"
                        "paginaFinal" => "40"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10342700"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib6"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Prevalencia de VIH en varones homo/bisexuales, 1992-2001. Med Clin (Barc) 2002;119: 413-5."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Prevalencia de VIH en varones homo&#47;bisexuales&#44; 1992-2001&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "es"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "Grupo del Estudio EPI-VIH&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Clin (Barc)"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "119"
                        "paginaInicial" => "413"
                        "paginaFinal" => "5"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib7"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Prospective cohort study of female sex workers and risk of HIV infection in Alicante, Spain (1986-1996). Sex Transm Inf 1998;74:264-88."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Prospective cohort study of female sex workers and risk of HIV infection in Alicante&#44; Spain &#40;1986-1996&#41;&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "Vioque J"
                            1 => "Hern&#225;ndez-Aguado I"
                            2 => "Fern&#225;ndez Garc&#237;a E"
                            3 => "Garc&#237;a de la Hera M"
                            4 => "&#193;lvarez Dardet C&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Sex Transm Inf"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "74"
                        "paginaInicial" => "264"
                        "paginaFinal" => "88"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib8"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Solicitud y realización del test del VIH en atención primaria. Estudio de la Red de Médicos Centinelas de Castilla y León 1990-1996. Gac Sanit 2002;16:114-20."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Solicitud y realizaci&#243;n del test del VIH en atenci&#243;n primaria&#46; Estudio de la Red de M&#233;dicos Centinelas de Castilla y Le&#243;n 1990-1996&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "es"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "Redondo S"
                            1 => "Morquecho M"
                            2 => "Berbel C"
                            3 => "Vi&#241;a MC&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Gac Sanit"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "16"
                        "paginaInicial" => "114"
                        "paginaFinal" => "20"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11958747"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib9"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Prevención y asistencia de la infección por VIH en atención primaria. Madrid: Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, 2001."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Prevenci&#243;n y asistencia de la infecci&#243;n por VIH en atenci&#243;n primaria&#46; Madrid&#58; Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo&#44; 2001&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "es"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "Secretar&#237;a del Plan Nacional sobre Sida&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib10"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Infección por el VIH en los centros alternativos para la detección voluntaria de los anticuerpos anti-VIH en Cataluña (1995-1996). Aten Primaria 1998;22:21-6."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Infecci&#243;n por el VIH en los centros alternativos para la detecci&#243;n voluntaria de los anticuerpos anti-VIH en Catalu&#241;a &#40;1995-1996&#41;&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "es"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "Vall M"
                            1 => "Casabona J"
                            2 => "Mur B"
                            3 => "grupo colaborador VIHDEVO&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Aten Primaria"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "22"
                        "paginaInicial" => "21"
                        "paginaFinal" => "6"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9741157"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib11"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Memoria 1996. Madrid: Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas, 1997."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Memoria 1996&#46; Madrid&#58; Delegaci&#243;n del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas&#44; 1997&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "es"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "Plan Nacional sobre Drogas&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib12"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "The AIDS epidemic among Spanish drug users: a birth cohort-associated phenomenon. Am J Public Health 1997;87:770-4."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "The AIDS epidemic among Spanish drug users&#58; a birth cohort-associated phenomenon&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "Castilla J"
                            1 => "Poll&#225;n M"
                            2 => "L&#243;pez-Abente G&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Public Health"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "87"
                        "paginaInicial" => "770"
                        "paginaFinal" => "4"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9184504"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib13"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Categorías de exposición y seroprevalencia del VIH en adolescentes que se realizaron voluntariamente la prueba. Madrid, 1986-2000. Gac Sanit 2001;15:202-8."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Categor&#237;as de exposici&#243;n y seroprevalencia del VIH en adolescentes que se realizaron voluntariamente la prueba&#46; Madrid&#44; 1986-2000&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "es"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:7 [
                            0 => "G&#243;mez-L&#225;zaro R"
                            1 => "del Romero J"
                            2 => "Castilla J"
                            3 => "Rodr&#237;guez C"
                            4 => "Garc&#237;a S"
                            5 => "Clavo P"
                            6 => "et al&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Gac Sanit"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "15"
                        "paginaInicial" => "202"
                        "paginaFinal" => "8"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11423023"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib14"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "HIV infection among people of foreign origin voluntarily tested in Spain. A comparison with national subjects. Sex Transm Infect 2002;78:250-4."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "HIV infection among people of foreign origin voluntarily tested in Spain&#46; A comparison with national subjects&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "The EPI-VIH Study Group&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Sex Transm Infect"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "78"
                        "paginaInicial" => "250"
                        "paginaFinal" => "4"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12181461"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib15"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Seroprevalence of HIV and HTLV in a representative sample of the Spanish population. Epidemiol Infect 2000;125: 159-62."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Seroprevalence of HIV and HTLV in a representative sample of the Spanish population&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:7 [
                            0 => "Castilla J"
                            1 => "Pach&#243;n I"
                            2 => "Gonz&#225;lez MP"
                            3 => "Amela C"
                            4 => "Mu&#241;oz L"
                            5 => "Tello O"
                            6 => "et al&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Epidemiol Infect"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "125"
                        "paginaInicial" => "159"
                        "paginaFinal" => "62"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11057971"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib16"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Sistema integrat de vigilància epidemiològica del VIH/sida a Catalunya (SIVES). Informe anual 2001. Barcelona: Departament de Sanitat i Seguretat Social, 2002."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Sistema integrat de vigil&#224;ncia epidemiol&#242;gica del VIH&#47;sida a Catalunya &#40;SIVES&#41;&#46; Informe anual 2001&#46; Barcelona&#58; Departament de Sanitat i Seguretat Social&#44; 2002&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "it"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "Centre d&#39;Estudis Epidemiol&#242;gics sobre la Sida de Catalunya&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib17"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Seroprevalencia de infección por el VIH en pacientes atendidos en consultas de enfermedades de transmisión sexual. Med Clin (Barc) 2000; 114: 211-3."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Seroprevalencia de infecci&#243;n por el VIH en pacientes atendidos en consultas de enfermedades de transmisi&#243;n sexual&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "es"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "Grupo para el Estudio de Seroprevalencia de VIH An&#243;nimo no Relacionado en pacientes de consultas de ETS&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Clin (Barc)"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "114"
                        "paginaInicial" => "211"
                        "paginaFinal" => "3"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib18"
              "etiqueta" => "18"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Evolución del número de nuevos diagnósticos de infección por el VIH en Asturias, Navarra y La Rioja. Med Clin (Barc) 2000;114:653-5."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Evoluci&#243;n del n&#250;mero de nuevos diagn&#243;sticos de infecci&#243;n por el VIH en Asturias&#44; Navarra y La Rioja&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "es"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "Moreno C"
                            1 => "Huerta I"
                            2 => "Lezaun ME"
                            3 => "Gonz&#225;lez A"
                            4 => "Sola J"
                            5 => "Castilla J&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Med Clin (Barc)"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "114"
                        "paginaInicial" => "653"
                        "paginaFinal" => "5"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib19"
              "etiqueta" => "19"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Prevention in routine general practice: activity patterns and potential promoting factors. Prev Med 2001;32:13-22."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "Prevention in routine general practice&#58; activity patterns and potential promoting factors&#46;"
                      "idioma" => "en"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "L&#243;pez de Munain J"
                            1 => "Torcal J"
                            2 => "L&#243;pez V"
                            3 => "Garay J&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1006/pmed.2000.0777"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Prev Med"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "32"
                        "paginaInicial" => "13"
                        "paginaFinal" => "22"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11162322"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib20"
              "etiqueta" => "20"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:3 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "¿Estamos diagnosticando a tiempo a las personas infectadas por el VIH? Aten Primaria 2002;29:20-5."
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:3 [
                      "titulo" => "&#191;Estamos diagnosticando a tiempo a las personas infectadas por el VIH&#63;"
                      "idioma" => "es"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "Castilla J"
                            1 => "Noguer I"
                            2 => "Belza MJ"
                            3 => "del Amo J"
                            4 => "S&#225;nchez F"
                            5 => "Guerra L&#46;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Aten Primaria"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "29"
                        "paginaInicial" => "20"
                        "paginaFinal" => "5"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11820959"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/02126567/0000003300000009/v0_201607111426/13061592/v0_201607111427/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "14695"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "es" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Originales"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/02126567/0000003300000009/v0_201607111426/13061592/v0_201607111427/en/27v33n09a13061592pdf001.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/13061592?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
]
Article information
ISSN: 02126567
Original language: English
The statistics are updated each day
Year/Month Html Pdf Total
2024 November 4 1 5
2024 October 24 3 27
2024 September 20 3 23
2024 August 38 3 41
2024 July 13 5 18
2024 June 18 2 20
2024 May 21 1 22
2024 April 18 5 23
2024 March 34 7 41
2024 February 21 8 29
2024 January 26 8 34
2023 December 29 4 33
2023 November 28 3 31
2023 October 34 6 40
2023 September 22 1 23
2023 August 19 4 23
2023 July 14 1 15
2023 June 20 4 24
2023 May 11 7 18
2023 April 8 5 13
2023 March 5 2 7
2023 February 12 4 16
2023 January 16 22 38
2022 December 17 9 26
2022 November 26 17 43
2022 October 22 20 42
2022 September 14 19 33
2022 August 26 14 40
2022 July 17 9 26
2022 June 25 4 29
2022 May 28 23 51
2022 April 31 20 51
2022 March 26 17 43
2022 February 10 7 17
2022 January 12 9 21
2021 December 9 8 17
2021 November 20 7 27
2021 October 20 14 34
2021 September 17 14 31
2021 August 14 5 19
2021 July 16 11 27
2021 June 13 6 19
2021 May 31 6 37
2021 April 50 11 61
2021 March 16 8 24
2021 February 15 8 23
2021 January 13 7 20
2020 December 14 8 22
2020 November 8 10 18
2020 October 19 6 25
2020 September 18 8 26
2020 August 10 4 14
2020 July 15 4 19
2020 June 16 9 25
2020 May 15 6 21
2020 April 11 5 16
2020 March 27 5 32
2020 February 20 2 22
2020 January 25 4 29
2019 December 24 7 31
2019 November 11 6 17
2019 October 6 3 9
2019 September 18 2 20
2019 August 12 5 17
2019 July 9 6 15
2019 June 50 28 78
2019 May 116 53 169
2019 April 29 13 42
2019 March 9 6 15
2019 February 9 10 19
2019 January 10 8 18
2018 December 11 17 28
2018 November 11 9 20
2018 October 19 12 31
2018 September 4 4 8
2018 August 6 1 7
2018 July 5 1 6
2018 June 2 7 9
2018 May 6 4 10
2018 April 3 1 4
2018 March 6 2 8
2018 February 6 4 10
2018 January 1 2 3
2017 December 4 3 7
2017 November 1 0 1
2017 October 6 1 7
2017 September 4 1 5
2017 August 4 3 7
2017 July 12 0 12
2017 June 12 1 13
2017 May 17 21 38
2017 April 8 21 29
2017 March 11 3 14
2017 February 17 0 17
2017 January 12 0 12
2016 December 16 4 20
2016 November 21 2 23
2016 October 27 11 38
2016 September 29 2 31
2016 August 21 1 22
2016 July 14 1 15
2016 June 21 12 33
2016 May 14 5 19
2016 April 20 1 21
2016 March 17 3 20
2016 February 17 8 25
2016 January 14 3 17
2015 December 10 6 16
2015 November 13 2 15
2015 October 24 4 28
2015 September 19 4 23
2015 August 9 4 13
2015 July 8 4 12
2015 June 6 0 6
2015 May 14 5 19
2015 April 10 5 15
2015 March 10 2 12
2015 February 4 0 4
2015 January 35 3 38
2014 December 25 3 28
2014 November 22 0 22
2014 October 35 4 39
2014 September 33 1 34
2014 August 21 2 23
2014 July 21 3 24
2014 June 35 6 41
2014 May 21 1 22
2014 April 12 2 14
2014 March 16 2 18
2014 February 16 1 17
2014 January 13 0 13
2013 December 20 2 22
2013 November 16 0 16
2013 October 24 1 25
2013 September 14 4 18
2013 August 19 1 20
2013 July 24 2 26
2004 May 666 0 666
Show all

Follow this link to access the full text of the article

es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos