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Vol. 28. Issue 3.
Pages 158-166 (January 2001)
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Vol. 28. Issue 3.
Pages 158-166 (January 2001)
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Estructura cognitiva de los médicos de familia en formación sobre la relación médico-paciente
The thought structure of family doctors in training concerning the doctor-patient relationship
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J.R. Loayssa Lara
Corresponding author
jloayssal@papps.org

Correspondencia: Unidad de Programación y Docencia. Ambulatorio Conde Oliveto. 6.a planta. 31002 Pamplona.
, F.M. González García
Centro de Salud de Noain. Servicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea y Departamento de Psicología y Pedagogía. Universidad Pública de Navarra.
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Objetivos

Conocer y comparar la estructura cognitiva de los residentes de MFyC sobre la relación médico-paciente.

Diseño

Descriptivo, cualitativo.

Emplazamiento

Atención primaria.

Participantes

Diez residentes de primer año seleccionados por muestreo intencional.

Mediciones

Entrevista de Piaget modificada por Pinies, evaluada con la técnica del análisis proposicional de conceptos y mapas conceptuales. Se definen 5 áreas temáticas sobre la relación médico-paciente: importancia y repercusiones, características y requisitos, modelo de relación, comportamiento del paciente y comportamiento del médico.

Resultados

Los conceptos no están suficientemente elaborados. La importancia de la relación médico-paciente es reconocida, pero no todas sus repercusiones. El requisito deseable de ésta más citado es la confianza del paciente. Los entrevistados apuestan por una relación en la que el paciente es pasivo aunque son conscientes del peligro del interrogatorio dirigido. La personalidad del paciente es el determinante de su comportamiento más citado, pero se comentan otros como creencias y expectativas. La decisión de consultar no se ve solamente como producto de los síntomas. Entre los mecanismos de defensa la negación es el más reconocido. Se señala el papel de los sentimientos del médico pero no cómo neutralizarlos; tampoco se resalta la formación.

Conclusiones

Existe una insuficiente apreciación de la importancia práctica de la relación médico-paciente. Es mayoritario un modelo de relación directiva y sin una orientación biopsicosocial. La formación en esta área es prioritaria, aunque su necesidad no sea percibida. Se debe investigar qué tipos de conocimientos refleja la estructura cognitiva y su papel en el comportamiento del profesional.

Palabras clave:
Relación médico-paciente
Mapa conceptual
Residencia
Médico de familia
Educación de posgrado
Aprendizaje significativo
Objectives

To find and compare thought structures of family doctors in training concerning the doctor-patient relationship.

Design

Qualitative and descriptive.

Setting

Primary care.

Participants

10 first-year residents selected through intentional sampling.

Measurements

Piaget interview modified by Pinies evaluated with the propositional analysis technique of concepts and conceptual maps. Five thematic areas concerning doctor-patient relationship were defined: importance and repercussions, characteristics and requisites, model of relationship, patient behaviour and doctor´s behaviour.

Results

The concepts were not sufficiently elaborated. The importance of the doctor-patient relationship was recognised, but not all its repercussions. Its most oftcited desirable requisite was patient confidence. Those interviewed opted for a relationship in which the patient is passive, although they were aware of the danger of leading questions. The personality of the patient was the most commonly cited determinant of his/her behaviour, but other determinants were mentioned, such as beliefs and expectations. The decision to go for a consultation was not seen just as a product of the symptoms. Denial was the most widely recognised defence mechanism. The role of the doctor´s feelings was indicated, but not about how to neutralise them. Training was not emphasised, either.

Conclusions

There was insufficient appreciation of the practical importance of the doctor-patient relationship. A directive model of relationship was most common, lacking any biopsychosocial orientation. Training in this area, even though its need is not perceived, should be prioritised. The kind of knowledge underlying doctors’ cognitive structure and its role in their behaviour should be investigated.

Key words:
Doctor-patient relationship
Conceptual map
Residency
Family doctor
Postgraduate education
Significant learning
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Copyright © 2001. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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