Contribution of vanadium particles to thermal movement of correlated two-dimensional pancake Abrikosov vortices in Bi-2223 superconducting system | Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio

array:23 ["pii" => "S0366317522000140" "issn" => "03663175" "doi" => "10.1016/j.bsecv.2022.02.006" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2023-05-01" "aid" => "332" "copyright" => "The Author(s)" "copyrightAnyo" => "2022" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Bol Soc Esp Ceram Vidr. 2023;62:257-67" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S0366317522000231" "issn" => "03663175" "doi" => "10.1016/j.bsecv.2022.03.001" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2023-05-01" "aid" => "334" "copyright" => "The Authors" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Bol Soc Esp Ceram Vidr. 2023;62:268-83" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Mineralogical and physico-chemical characterization of bentonite materials from the Oued Zemmour area (Oriental Rif, Nador-Morocco): Valorization in ceramic field" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:3 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "en" 2 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "268" "paginaFinal" => "283" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Caracterización mineralógica y físico-química de materiales bentoníticos de la zona de Oued Zemmour (Rif Oriental, Nador-Marruecos): Valorización en el ámbito cerámico" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 1 "multimedia" => array:5 [ "identificador" => "fig0080" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx1.jpeg" "Alto" => 802 "Ancho" => 1333 "Tamanyo" => 139021 ] ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Yassine Et-Tayea, Achraf Harrati, Ahmed Rachid, Hicham Nasri, Ahmed Attou, Youssef Arkame, Ahmed Manni, Younes Mamouch, Abdeslam El Bouari, Faiçal El Khazanti, Chaouki Sadik" "autores" => array:11 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Yassine" "apellidos" => "Et-Tayea" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Achraf" "apellidos" => "Harrati" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ahmed" "apellidos" => "Rachid" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Hicham" "apellidos" => "Nasri" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ahmed" "apellidos" => "Attou" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Youssef" "apellidos" => "Arkame" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ahmed" "apellidos" => "Manni" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Younes" "apellidos" => "Mamouch" ] 8 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Abdeslam" "apellidos" => "El Bouari" ] 9 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Faiçal" "apellidos" => "El Khazanti" ] 10 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Chaouki" "apellidos" => "Sadik" ] ] ] ] "resumen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Graphical abstract" "clase" => "graphical" "resumen" => "<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0080"></elsevierMultimedia>" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0366317522000231?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/03663175/0000006200000003/v2_202307101707/S0366317522000231/v2_202307101707/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S0366317522000024" "issn" => "03663175" "doi" => "10.1016/j.bsecv.2022.01.002" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2023-05-01" "aid" => "326" "copyright" => "The Author(s)" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Bol Soc Esp Ceram Vidr. 2023;62:243-56" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Controlling the hardness and wear resistance of opaque white glaze by addition of halloysite clay in the composition" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "243" "paginaFinal" => "256" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Controlar la dureza y la resistencia al desgaste del esmalte blanco opaco mediante la adición de arcilla halloysita en la composición" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0075" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 15" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr15.jpeg" "Alto" => 1382 "Ancho" => 2156 "Tamanyo" => 152221 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Vickers hardness value of the glazes with addition uncalcined and calcined halloysite." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Neslihan Tamsu Selli, Neslihan Basaran" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Neslihan" "apellidos" => "Tamsu Selli" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Neslihan" "apellidos" => "Basaran" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0366317522000024?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/03663175/0000006200000003/v2_202307101707/S0366317522000024/v2_202307101707/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:18 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Contribution of vanadium particles to thermal movement of correlated two-dimensional pancake Abrikosov vortices in Bi-2223 superconducting system" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "257" "paginaFinal" => "267" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Asaf Tolga Ulgen, Ümit Erdem, Gurcan Yildirim, Mustafa Burak Turkoz, Tahsin Turgay" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Asaf Tolga" "apellidos" => "Ulgen" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Ümit" "apellidos" => "Erdem" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "umiterdem@kku.edu.tr" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Gurcan" "apellidos" => "Yildirim" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Mustafa Burak" "apellidos" => "Turkoz" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Tahsin" "apellidos" => "Turgay" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "e" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Sirnak University, Department of Electric-Electronic Engineering, Sirnak 73000, Turkey" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Scientific and Technological Research Application Center, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale 71450, Turkey" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bolu 14280, Turkey" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Karabuk University, Karabuk 78050, Turkey" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 4 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Sakarya University, Department of Architecture, Sakarya 54187, Turkey" "etiqueta" => "e" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Contribución de las partículas de vanadio al movimiento térmico de los vórtices de Abrikosov tipo panqueque bidimensionales correlacionados en el sistema superconductor Bi-2223" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 4175 "Ancho" => 2686 "Tamanyo" => 674242 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Change in lnρ/ρ120K over 1/T (K−1) curves of polycrystalline bulk Vanadium added Bi1.8Sr2.0Ca2.2Cu3.0VxOy superconducting materials. Activation energy values for materials are inferred from slopes of linear parts in low magnetoresistivity regions at different external magnetic fields." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionWith the increment in the usage of superconducting materials in today's technology, the humanity breathes a sigh of relief. This is because, some problematic phenomena such as the global population growth rate, inexplicable advance in technology and new generation usage habits increasing harshly the energy consumption requirements. Thus, the scientists should consider the following concepts: energy production, energy consumption and related disciplines including the climate protection, resource conservation and cost savings in their scientific research. As for the duty of humanity, new policies on the efficient energy use and energy efficiency should be developed to restrict the amount of energy used. Especially the energy losses grounded on the dissipation (ohmic resistance) mechanism in the power tools are the problems in themselves. In this context, the usage of superconducting materials seems to solve these kinds of problems due to their intrinsic zero resistance, economic life, power quality, cheap production, and superior efficiency.Among the superconducting materials, the Bi-containing parents discovered in the late 1980s possess three various superconducting phases with regard to the conducting in-plane Cu–O2 layers in the crystal system <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230">[1–3]</a>. These phases are arranged as: superconducting high phase (Bi-2223) with the Tc≈110K, low phase (Bi-2212) with the Tc≈85K and very low phase (Bi-2201) with the Tc of near 20K <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245">[4]</a>. Namely, the material family can be defined by a homologous series as Bi2Sr2Can−1CunO4+2n+x according to the n number. As understood from the critical transition temperature values, of the family members the Bi-2223 superconductor possesses two Ca atoms and three Cu–O2 layers in the unit cell and exhibits the largest magnetic field and current carrying capacity and application temperature regions. Similarly, there are a number of superior characteristic features, namely rather larger critical temperature (about 110K as mentioned above) and thermodynamic stability, extremely higher magnetic field (bigger than 100 T nearly at the irreversibility line temperature of 35K) carrying and current density (greater than 107A/cm2) capability and naturally lesser power consumption and dissipations <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0250">[5–10]</a>. Similarly, the Bi-2223 superconducting ceramic material can simply be prepared in the desired phase and presents the stability against the compositional contents and is resistant towards to the water/humid atmosphere <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270">[9,10]</a>. Moreover, the micaceous structure due to the presence of Bi-O layers in the crystal structure allow the Bi-2223 compound to be deformed, rolled and shaped easily for the long cable construction over 1 km in length <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280">[11]</a> and production of tape-casting and feature texturing materials <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285">[12]</a>. In this regard, the usage in much more areas of Bi-2223 superconducting material with its alluring features under the relatively higher external magnetic field in daily life is important for the decrease of energy consumption requirements.In the present work, we try to analyze the change of magnetic strength performance, flux pinning and energy dissipation mechanism of polycrystalline bulk Bi1.8Sr2.0Ca2.2Cu3.0VxOy superconducting materials with the vanadium addition in case of the external dc magnetic field strengths applied up to 5T so that we can discuss the fundamental energy dissipation mechanisms grounded on the thermal fluxon motions of 2D discrete pancakelike vortices within the discrete pancakelike nature, jumping to neighboring states, interplane connection energy and flux pinning energy parameters. Similarly, we investigate the variation of temperature-dependent thermodynamics and quantum mechanical quantities with vanadium concentration to discuss the energy barriers, vortex lattice elasticity, vortex dynamics, distance for interlayer Josephson couplings and flux pinning centers. We also provide a strong link between inter-grain boundary coupling problems (due to the vanadium addition) and energy dissipation mechanisms to determine the change in susceptibility to the applied magnetic field strength. It is found that the vanadium addition is noted to damage the general magnetic strength performance. Accordingly, it can be concluded that the vanadium addition in the Bi-2223 crystal lattice is not the preferred method to meet the energy consumption requirements.Experimental detailsIn the previous scientific papers published <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0290">[13–15]</a>, we deal with the role of vanadium addition in the polycrystalline bulk Bi1.8Sr2.0Ca2.2Cu3.0VxOy superconducting materials prepared within the mole-to-mole ratio of 0.0≤x≤0.30 on the fundamental electrical, superconducting, crystallographic, microstructural, morphological, magneto-resistivity performance features with the aid of dc electrical curves depending on the temperature, powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron dispersive X-ray and magneto-transport measurement setups. We also make some theoretical discussions computations grounded on the electrical findings, formation of effective flux pinning centers, gap coefficients, two-stage transition temperatures and structural disorders-defects. One can see all the experimental procedures (material preparation by the standard solid-state reaction route, chemicals with their purities, experimental setup, measurement temperature ranges) in detail in Refs. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0290">[13–15]</a>. The key findings deduced from the papers depend on the fact that the presence of vanadium damages dramatically the fundamental characteristic features of Bi-2223 ceramic superconducting materials. In fact, the properties get more and more degraded with the increase of addition level and some of them are unobservable. Thus, the vanadium addition idea in the crystal structure is not turned to be a useful solution for the usage of Bi-2223 superconducting ceramics in the advanced engineering and large-scale application fields.This study provides some critical detail about how the pair-breaking mechanism (based on the orbital limit effect) proposed by Abrikosov-Gorkov, Arrhenius activation law, Ginzburg Landau relation, power law and intercept of extrapolation approaches use to determine the thermodynamics and quantum mechanical quantities. Accordingly, the crucial roles of vanadium and external magnetic field strength on the sophisticated and phenomenological discussions such as the thermal fluxon motions (small whiskers) of two-dimension (2D) discrete pancakelike vortices (related to the vortex dynamics), vortex lattice elasticity, flux pinning energy, jumping to neighboring states, interplane connection energy, variation in the distance for the flux pinning centers, energy barriers between in-plane Cu–O2 layers and distance between interlayer Josephson couplings are thoroughly discussed in detail.In the paper, the pure and vanadium added bulk Bi-2223 superconducting compounds prepared at the different molar concentration level of x=0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.10 and 0.30 will thenceforward be named as pure V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, and V6, respectively. As for the experimental parts, the magneto-transport measurements belonging to the materials were conducted in the cryostat system in case of 5mA current applied on specimen surfaces at different applied magnetic field strengths (up to 5T). The measurement signals were gathered in a temperature range of 8 K≤T≤120K and one can see all the experimental evidence in Ref. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300">[15]</a> in detail. However, it is obvious that much more sophisticated interpretation is needed for the full magnetic performance characterization. Thus, in the current work the measurement results are converted to Arrhenius (lnρ/ρ120K versus 1/T) curves grounded on the logarithmic resistivity variation with reciprocal of temperature to calculate the flux pinning energy values (in K unit) using the slopes of linear parts in low magnetoresistivity regions at different external magnetic fields applied for all the bulk Bi1.8Sr2.0Ca2.2Cu3.0VxOy superconducting ceramic compounds. Right after, we have a chance to discuss the effect of vanadium addition and applied magnetic field strength on the flux pinning (activation) energies for the motion of 2D pancake vortices in the Bi-2223 superconducting matrix. We also define the dependence (sensitivity) of flux pinning energy on the external magnetic field strengths by means of power-law approach to establish a strong link between the activation energy and inter-grain boundary coupling problems (weak-interactions) due to the vanadium addition in the Bi-2223 superconducting crystal structure. At the same time, the magnetoresistivity curves enable us to find the temperature-dependent thermodynamics and quantum mechanical quantities as regards thermodynamic critical (μ0Hc), lower critical (μ0Hc1), irreversibility (μ0Hirr), upper critical fields (μ0Hc2), coherence length (ξ), penetration depth (λ), and Ginzburg Landau parameter (κ) so that we can easily scientifically interpret the differentiation in the magnetic strength performance, vortex dynamics, flux pinning ability, vortex lattice elasticity, formation of super-electrons (cooper-pair probabilities) in the crystal system, energy barrier size and discrete pancakelike nature of vortices (characterized by the normal cores) depending on the vanadium addition level and applied magnetic field strength.Results and discussionPrior to this part, we declare that the current work is a continuation of a book chapter published in Ref. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300">[15]</a> and prepared to bring the unfinished study on the magnetic strength performance in the literature. In more detail, the present work delves deeply into the effect of vanadium addition on the energy dissipation mechanisms related to the thermal fluxon motions of 2D discrete pancakelike vortices (vortex dynamics), jumping to neighboring states, interplane connection energy and flux pinning energy. Similarly, the numerical data (related to the thermodynamics and quantum mechanical calculations, viz. the thermodynamic critical, lower critical, irreversibility, upper critical fields, corresponding activation (flux pinning) energy, coherence length, penetration depth and Ginzburg Landau parameter) enable us to discuss the differentiation in the length between flux pinning centers, vortex lattice elasticity, energy barriers between in-plane Cu–O2 layers in the valance band and distance for the interlayer Josephson couplings depending on the vanadium addition. Besides, we describe a strong relationship between the vanadium addition level and discrete pancakelike vortices in the bulk Bi-2223 crystal system for the first time.Shortly, this paper focuses mainly on three basic sections. The first of them consists of change in the flux pinning energy with vanadium addition level and applied magnetic field strength. The second one is directly interested in the finding the parameters of μ0Hirr, μ0Hc1, μ0Hc, μ0Hc2 and μ0Hc3, and understanding of fundamental features mentioned above. The last section paves way to calculate the parameters of ξ, λ, and κ and describe the influence of vanadium concentration and external magnetic field strength on the vortex dynamics, flux pinning ability and vortex lattice elasticity in the bulk Bi-2223 crystal structure.Change in flux pinning energyIt is without any doubt that the intrinsic characteristics affect seriously the application fields of materials. For our samples studied in this work, the typical anisotropy grounded on the crystalline directions leads to limit seriously the usage of Bi-2223 superconducting materials in the advanced engineering and large-scale application fields due to the weak flux pinning ability under relatively small external magnetic field strength and current applications. This is because, the applied magnetic field moves and accelerates the 2D discrete pancakelike vortices as a consequence of the decrease in the vortex dynamics, flux pinning ability and vortex lattice elasticity in the bulk Bi-2223 crystal structure. That is to say, the applied magnetic field automatically improves the decoupling (discrete pancakelike or recoupling linelike nature of localized magnetic fluxoids) of in-plane Cu–O2 (adjacent multilayers) layers in the valance bands of bulk Bi-2223 superconducting ceramics. Therefore, the interplane interaction energy immediately increases and the related distance for interlayer Josephson couplings decreases remarkably. Consequently, the 2D discrete pancakelike vortices begin to thermally move and accelerate to be able to jump towards near neighboring states with much higher energy barriers at the external magnetic field strength higher than certain value for the materials <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0305">[16,17]</a>. This fact triggers to generate the heat energy with the beginning of resistivity (energy losses) in the system <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315">[18]</a>. As of now, the fluxoids (Abrikosov vortices within the 2D discrete pancakelike nature) are thermally activated to overcome the pinning energy barrier. In the present work, we give some detail for the change of vortex dynamics, elasticity of vortex lattice, effective flux pinning ability, potential energy barriers belonging to the pinning centers and flux pinning energy values in the polycrystalline bulk Bi1.8Sr2.0Ca2.2Cu3.0VxOy superconducting materials depending on the vanadium concentrations (0.0≤x≤0.30) and external magnetic field strengths (up to 5T) using the Arrhenius activation law grounded on thermally activated flux flow (abbreviated as TAFF) approach <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0320">[19,20]</a>. According to Arrhenius activation law, one can see below how to calculate the flux pinning energy values for the movement (hop to neighborhoods over potential energy barriers) of Abrikosov vortices within the 2D discrete pancakelike nature:<elsevierMultimedia ident="eq0005"></elsevierMultimedia>in the relation, kB presents Boltzmann's constant, ρ shows the certain value for dissipation mechanism at any temperature region when ρ0 displays the field-independent pre-exponential factor (for our samples the factor is chosen to be the resistivity value at 120K) <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330">[21]</a>. The abbreviation of U0 shows the flux pinning energy value. In the Arrhenius graphics provided at various applied magnetic fields (up to the value of 5T), we can determine the U0 values from linear slope points in broadening tail regions. One can see all the Arrhenius activation curves founded on the logarithmic resistivity variation with reciprocal of temperature (lnρ/ρ120K versus 1/T) of polycrystalline bulk Bi1.8Sr2.0Ca2.2Cu3.0VxOy superconducting materials in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>a–e. It is apparent from the figure that the increment in the vanadium concentration value and external magnetic field strength affect seriously the magnetic strength performance, vortex dynamics, flux pinning ability and vortex lattice elasticity in the Bi-2223 crystal structure. The main reason in the change of magnetic characteristics can be explained by the energy dissipation mechanism stemmed from the sudden movement (hop to neighborhoods over potential energy barriers) of Abrikosov vortices within the 2D discrete pancakelike nature. In fact, from the vanadium concentration level of x=0.05 onwards we cannot determine the flux pinning energy values for the movement of 2D discrete pancakelike Abrikosov vortices at the applied field of 5 T for the V4 sample, and 1T and higher field level for the bulk V5 and V6 sample because of the complete loss of superconductivity at the applied fields. Shortly, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>a–e displays that the vanadium addition as well as the external magnetic field strength is not good for the flux pinning capability of bulk Bi-2223 superconducting ceramics compound due to the presence of pair-breaking mechanism proposed by Abrikosov-Gorkov. We also provide numerically the flux pinning energy parameters (extracted from the Arrhenius activation curves) for every superconducting material studied at various external magnetic field strengths in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>. One can easily understand that the U0 values (the potential energy barriers for the movement of Abrikosov vortices) are found to decrease dramatically with the enhancement in the vanadium concentration level and external magnetic field strength. In this respect, the maximum pinning energy value of 5132K is obtained for the pure sample whereas the V6 compound exhibits the U0 value of 498K at zero applied magnetic field strength. The other (V1, V2, V3, V4 and V5) materials possess the moderate U0 values between 4265K (for the V1 sample) and 716K (for the V5 sample). As the external magnetic field strength increases towards to the maximum value of 5T, the pure sample presents the flux pinning energy value of 1201K for the movement of Abrikosov vortices as against the value of about 819K for the V3 material. For the V4 compound, we can determine the U0 value as 387K for the maximum 3T external field strength whereas the flux pinning energy values such as 142K and 36K can be found at the maximum 1T applied field for the V5 and V6 compound, respectively. In other words, it is not possible to stop the movement of Abrikosov vortices at such an applied magnetic field strength slightly greater than 1T, and accordingly the energy losses (dissipations) begin immediately in the crystal structure. The descriptors show that the presence of vanadium particles in the Bi-2223 superconducting matrix leads to increase harshly the interplane interaction energy and inter-grain boundary coupling problems (weak-interactions) due to the reduction of nucleation centers with the capacity of flux pinning. Even, the degradation in both the crystallinity quality and appearance of surface morphology has already been discussed in Refs. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0290">[13,14]</a> where it has been found that the crystal structural was found to diminish depending on the vanadium addition level due to the increment in the grain misorientations, problems of grain alignment and size distributions, porosity, microvoids, intra/inter-grain boundary interactions between the grains and formation of new internal, structural and microscopic problems in the crystal system” depending on the vanadium addition level. Besides, the SEM images showed that the increase in the vanadium addition considerably harms on the well linked flaky layers of platelet-like shape, uniform surface view, porous and granular structure for superconducting grains <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290">[13]</a>. All in all, the related distance for interlayer Josephson couplings and the flux pinning centers as well as the energy barriers between in-plane Cu–O2 layers decrease considerably depending on the vanadium concentration level. In the light of observed results, the rule of thumb is that the variation in the fundamental characteristics mentioned above damages significantly the magnetic strength performance.<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>Furthermore, we scrutinize the differentiation of flux pinning energy values against the external magnetic field strengths (see <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>) to reveal the role of vanadium on the magnetic strength performance of bulk Bi-2223 superconductor. It is visible from the figure that the activation energy curves for every material (including V4, V5 and V6) exhibit the sharp/exponential decrease up to 1T applied magnetic field strength after which the curves follow the slight softer decrease for the pure, V1, V2 and V3 compounds followed by the linear reduction trend in the curve for the V4 sample. Besides, the magnetic performance will have already been invisible for the other compounds (V5 and V6) at even higher applied magnetic field strengths. The scenario is based on the fact that the external magnetic field firstly penetrates into inter-granular regions; thus, 2D discrete pancakelike Abrikosov vortices begin to move immediately (beginning of thermal small whisker motions) due to the presence of inter-grain boundary coupling problems in the Bi-2223 crystal system <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335">[22]</a>. From the applied magnetic field strength of 1 T onwards the applied magnetic field lines can easily penetrate totally into the material. It should be declared here that the resistivity mechanism (beginning of Abrikosov vortices and entangled with each other) starts below 1T external magnetic field strength applied.<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia>At the same time, the flux pinning curves interested in the variation in the activation energy values for the movement of Abrikosov vortices over the external magnetic field strengths enable us to examine the sensitivity of flux pinning energy on the external magnetic field strengths using power-law approaches so that we can easily develop a strong relationship between the activation energy and inter-grain boundary coupling problems with the vanadium addition in the polycrystalline Bi-2223 superconducting system, even already confirmed clearly by the XRD and SEM measurement results displayed in Refs. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0290">[13,14]</a>. In this context, the log-log curves are graphed in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig. 3</a> where all the curves behave as if it were linear. Hence, it is obvious that we can use the power law to define the dependence of flux pinning energy for the correlated 2D pancake Abrikosov vortices on the applied magnetic field strength. Namely,<elsevierMultimedia ident="eq0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia>in the power law equation, the variable of β displays the orientation of external magnetic field strength depending on the basal plane. When fitting the results, the β values are found to decrease from 0.492 until 0.269 with the increment in the vanadium concentration level and in fact we could not compute the β constant for the V5 and V6 samples because of the insufficient data. On this basis, the pure sample shows the maximum β value of 0.492 whereas the minimum value of 0.269 ascribes to the bulk V4 sample. The gradual reduction of β values with the addition level results from the augmentation of inter-grain boundary coupling problems (weak interactions between the adjacent multilayers) in the crystal structure, even already expressed in Refs. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0290">[13,14]</a>. To sum up, the pure sample with finest crystal structure presents the least sensitivity to applied magnetic field whereas the sensitivity to external magnetic field tends to increase gradually with the vanadium addition. This comprehensive result is known to exhibit in parallel with the resistivity and barrier height of junction <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0340">[23–26]</a>.Variation of temperature-dependent thermodynamics and quantum mechanical quantities of Bi1.8Sr2.0Ca2.2Cu3.0VxOy superconductors with vanadium concentrationThe effect of vanadium concentration in the Bi-2223 superconducting materials on the vortex lattice elasticity and vortex dynamics in the crystal system is analyzed by the critical field parameters. The main approach is based on the entanglement (broadening nature) of correlated 2D pancake Abrikosov vortices (quantized fluxoids carrying the flux quantum of Φ=h/2e) in the high temperature superconducting cuprates at even lower external field strength as a consequence of characteristic negative surface energy of materials. The state is previously studied in the scientific paper published in Ref. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360">[27]</a>. As a result, any applied magnetic field strength can damage seriously the formation of super-electrons (cooper-pair probabilities) in the crystal system. The first thing that comes to mind is the presence of temperature-dependent thermodynamics and quantum mechanical quantities such as μ0Hirr, μ0Hc1, μ0Hc, μ0Hc2 and μ0Hc3 parameters. To introduce the parameters briefly, the smallest critical field (called as lower critical field, μ0Hc1) at the vicinity of which the external magnetic field is wholly expelled by the solid material, being the perfect Meissner effect behavior <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365">[28]</a>. Namely, in case of smaller applied magnetic field than μ0Hc1 value the magnetic flux could not penetrate into the material. If only higher external magnetic field than μ0Hc1 value is applied, the magnetic fluxes penetrate. It is to be emphasized here that the value cannot be determined easily for the high temperature superconducting materials. As in other studies, we define the Hc1 values for our prepared samples from the μ0Hirr parameters with the aid of following relation:<elsevierMultimedia ident="eq0015"></elsevierMultimedia>As for the irreversibility field (μ0Hirr) parameter, the value locates between μ0Hc1 and μ0Hc2 values, where any external magnetic field strength can partially penetrate into the solid compound in the form of quantized fluxons within the discrete nature (correlated 2D pancake Abrikosov vortices). This case is called as Schubnikov phase of mixed state in which the applied magnetic field mostly damages the formation of super-electrons in the crystal system <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370">[29]</a>.Moreover, the other term is upper critical field (μ0Hc2) where the average penetrated field equals the external magnetic field. At higher applied magnetic field than μ0Hc2, the superconductivity phenomenon in the system breaks and slowly disappears due to 2nd order phase transition.Additionally, the other term is thermodynamic critical field (μ0Hc) and in case of without any applied magnetic field the parameter provides a measurement of the degree to which the superconductivity state is promoted over the normal state. The μ0Hc value can be calculated from the following relation:<elsevierMultimedia ident="eq0020"></elsevierMultimedia>The last term of μ0Hc3 before which the material exhibits the superconductivity phenomenon within a thin surface layer can theoretically be calculated from the formula of μ0Hc3≈1.69μ0Hc2 (last tangent point of superconductivity). However, it should be known that the superconductivity vanishes totally from the material.There are a number of literature works serving as finding the temperature-dependent thermodynamics and quantum mechanical quantities mentioned above so that the scientists can easily discuss the vortex lattice elasticity and vortex dynamics for the high temperature superconducting ceramic materials. Among the techniques, the dc magnetization, ac susceptibility and magnetoresistivity measurements can be arranged as the most popular methods <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0375">[30,31]</a>. All the methods possess some advantages over the other approaches. For example, the magnetoresistivity measurement method provides the superior information about the vortex lattice elasticity, resistive transitions, vortex dynamics and pinning or movement of correlated 2D pancake Abrikosov vortices as compared to other ones <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0385">[32,33]</a>. In our investigation for this paper, we exert the magnetoresistivity measurements at the magnetic field strengths applied up to 5 T to describe the influence of vanadium addition concentration on the fundamental thermodynamics and quantum mechanical quantities. Initially, we determine the μ0Hirr and μ0Hc2 values from the temperature-dependent magnetoresistivity measurements as provided below <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395">[34,35]</a>, and then we calculate the other parameters of μ0Hc1, μ0Hc, and μ0Hc3 with the aid of μ0Hirr and μ0Hc2 values (having already given above). Namely,<elsevierMultimedia ident="eq0025"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="eq0030"></elsevierMultimedia>in the relations ρn presents the normal state resistivity values of bulk Bi1.8Sr2.0Ca2.2Cu3.0VxOy superconducting ceramic compounds at such a temperature of 120K. At Schubnikov phase we separately find the μ0Hirr(T) and μ0Hc2(T) values for all the materials, and we need to determine μ0Hirr(0) and μ0Hc2(0) at zero point value to calculate the coherence length (ξ), penetration depth (λ), and Ginzburg Landau parameter (κ) for every material. It is well-known that there are numerous methods such as Almeida-Thouless (AT), Abrikosov-flux dynamics, Ginzburg Landau (GL), Werthamer–Helfand–Hohenberg, intercept of extrapolation of parameters to zero in the temperature axis, etc. in the literature to determine the change in the fundamental aspects of thermodynamics and quantum mechanical (and related) quantities; namely, the thermodynamic critical, lower critical, irreversibility, upper critical fields, corresponding flux pinning energy, coherence length, penetration depth and Ginzburg Landau parameter <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0405">[36–40]</a>. The method used in the paper for the determination of μ0Hirr(0) and μ0Hc2(0) we prefer is the relatively easy to define the effect of vanadium addition mechanism on the fundamental characteristic features mentioned above. Similarly, it is to be emphasized here that the model used in our work is also preferred in several papers including different types of superconductors <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0415">[38,39,41–43]</a>. Besides, it is important to declare that some scientific papers directly claim that the calculation for the μ0Hc2 parameter at 0K by WHH model is rather less than that of GL model <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0400">[35,36]</a>. Thus, it is clear that the model preferred in this paper is useful and reliable to discuss the magnetic performance features mentioned above. Hence, for absolute zero temperature we use the interpolation to approximate values on y-axis to find the values of μ0Hirr(0) and μ0Hc2(0), respectively <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0440">[43]</a>, the μ0Hc, μ0Hc1, and μ0Hc3 parameters at absolute zero temperature as they do. One can observe graphically the temperature-dependent μ0Hirr(T) and μ0Hc2(T) values for all the bulk Bi1.8Sr2.0Ca2.2Cu3.0VxOy superconducting ceramic compounds in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig. 4</a>. The obtained numerical results are listed in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>. It is visible from the table that the μ0Hirr(0) and μ0Hc2(0) values are found to decrease regularly with the systematic increase in the vanadium concentration level in the bulk Bi-2223 crystal structure. The decrease trend stems directly from the reduction of flux pinning capability and pair-breaking mechanism. Numerically, the maximum μ0Hirr(0) and μ0Hc2(0) values are found to be about 70.01 T and 134.68 T for the pure sample whereas the V6 sample possesses the global minimum values of 1.54T and 6.93T for the μ0Hirr(0) and μ0Hc2(0) parameters, respectively. Depending on these values, μ0Hc1(0), μ0Hc(0) and μ0Hc3(0) parameters are calculated to be about 0.3501T (0.0077T), 6.87T (0.23T) and 227.61T (146.30T) for the pure (V6) compound. The other materials prepared have the moderate values for the thermodynamics and quantum mechanical quantities. The last findings reveal why we cannot record the temperature-dependent magnetoresisitivity experimental measurement results at relatively higher external field strength applied. Besides, it is fair to summarize that the dramatic reduction of thermodynamics and quantum mechanical quantities is due to the diminish of vortex lattice elasticity, vortex dynamics, flux pinning mechanism (force) and Josephson coupling length <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445">[44]</a>.<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>Coherence length, penetration depth and Ginzburg Landau parameterIn the last part of paper dealing with the magnetic strength performance, we search the differentiation in the coherence length (ξ), penetration depth (λ) and related Ginzburg Landau parameter (κ) depending on the vanadium addition level. To remind, with the penetration of magnetic field lines into the superconducting material the correlated 2D pancake fluxons begin to move thermally. Thus, the findings allow us to display why the movement of correlated 2D pancake Abrikosov vortices (discrete pancakelike nature) in the in-plane Cu–O2 layers increases with the vanadium addition level in detail. It is another advantage of determination of the parameters that we can easily decide the type (type-I or type-II) of superconducting compounds prepared. Similarly, the variation of ξ and λ parameters enables us to determine the role of vanadium concentration on the strength of type-II nature. Based on the quantum mechanical approach, the ξ parameter is related to a cylindrical core of a radius while the λ parameter is in accordance with a distance for the current circulating around the core <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0450">[45]</a>. Nevertheless, it is well-known that it is very difficult to obtain the experimental parameters from the measurements and in fact it is impossible to determine at the absolute zero temperature. On this basis, the μ0Hirr(0) and μ0Hc2(0) parameters are appropriate to define the effect of vanadium addition level on the ξ and λ parameters. In the current study, the parameters of ξ and λ at the absolute zero temperature are calculated from the following equations:<elsevierMultimedia ident="eq0035"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="eq0040"></elsevierMultimedia>where ϕ0 equals 2.07×10−15 Tm2. One can see all the computations for the ξ(0) and λ(0) values in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>. According to the table, there seems to increase trend in the parameters depending on the vanadium concentration level. In this regard, the pure sample possesses the minimum ξ(0) and λ(0) parameters of 15.65Å and 21.70Å, respectively. On the other hand, the maximum values of 68.97Å and 146.30Å ascribe to the bulk V6 superconducting compound for the ξ(0) and λ(0) parameters, respectively. The other samples have the moderate values. It is to be mentioned here that the presence of vanadium accelerates the 2D pancake Abrikosov vortices within the discrete pancakelike nature as a result of the decrease in the energy barrier level. Likewise, it can be interpreted that the vanadium addition idea in the Bi-2223 crystal structure hinders the formation of super-electrons (cooper-pair probabilities) in the crystal system. We also compute the κ(0) parameters for all the bulk Bi1.8Sr2.0Ca2.2Cu3.0VxOy superconducting ceramic compounds from the ratio of ξ/λ and insert numerically the obtained data in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> to discuss the magnetic strength of materials to the applied magnetic field strength. It is apparent from the table that the smallest κ(0) value is calculated to be about 1.39 for the pure sample due to its own highest magnetic strength to the external magnetic field (strength of type-II nature). Besides, it can be explained that all the materials prepared in this work exhibit the London type superconductors in the electrodynamics locality due to the κ value higher than the value of 1/2.ConclusionTo conclude that, in the current work we provide some crucial detail for the effect of vanadium addition (within the different mole-to-mole ratios of 0.0≤x≤0.30 for the stoichiometric bulk Bi1.8Sr2.0Ca2.2Cu3.0VxOy superconducting system) on the magnetic strength performance, flux pinning and energy dissipation mechanism under the magnetic field strengths applied up to 5T. For this aim, we divide the paper in three main sections: (I) role of vanadium addition and different external magnetic field strengths on the flux pinning energy values for 2D pancake Abrikosov vortices within the discrete pancakelike nature; (II) differentiation in the temperature-dependent thermodynamics and quantum mechanical quantities with vanadium concentration and research of vortex dynamics; (III) establishment a link between the vanadium addition and quantum mechanical quantities (Coherence length, penetration depth and Ginzburg Landau parameter). According to the results obtained from the first part, it is found that the magnetic strength performance, vortex dynamics, flux pinning ability and vortex lattice elasticity are seriously degraded with the increment in the vanadium concentration value and external magnetic field strength. Thus, the excess vanadium ions cause the dissipation at relatively smaller magnetic field due to the beginning of movement of correlated 2D pancake Abrikosov vortices between the in-plane Cu–O2 layers in the valance band. Similarly, the enhancement in the interplane interaction energy and inter-grain boundary coupling problems (weak-interactions) due to the reduction of nucleation centers with the capacity of flux pinning with the vanadium addition causes the dramatic decrease in the flux pinning energy. It is another strong claim for the decrease in the flux pinning capability and magnetic strength performance that the presence of vanadium particles in the polycrystalline Bi-2223 structure harshly truncates the energy barriers, distance for interlayer Josephson couplings and flux pinning centers. The second part also shows that the μ0Hirr, μ0Hc1, μ0Hc, μ0Hc2 and μ0Hc3 parameters are found to considerably decrease with the increase in the vanadium addition level. This is correlated to the reduction of flux pinning capability, vortex lattice elasticity, vortex dynamics, flux pinning mechanism (force) and Josephson coupling length. In the third part, we find that all the bulk Bi1.8Sr2.0Ca2.2Cu3.0VxOy superconducting ceramic compounds falls into the London type superconductors in the electrodynamics locality as a result of their κ values. Besides, it is pointed out that the vanadium addition in the Bi-2223 matrix hinders the formation of super-electrons (cooper-pair probabilities) in the crystal system. To sum up, the vanadium addition idea is not good for the flux pinning capability of bulk Bi-2223 superconducting ceramics compound due to the presence of pair-breaking mechanism proposed by Abrikosov-Gorkov." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:9 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1928466" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1662417" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1928467" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1662418" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Experimental details" ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Results and discussion" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Change in flux pinning energy" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Variation of temperature-dependent thermodynamics and quantum mechanical quantities of BiSrCaCuVO superconductors with vanadium concentration" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Coherence length, penetration depth and Ginzburg Landau parameter" ] ] ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] 8 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2021-10-14" "fechaAceptado" => "2022-02-09" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1662417" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Bi-2223 material" 1 => "Magnetic strength performance" 2 => "Energy dissipation" 3 => "Flux pinning energy" 4 => "Flux pinning ability" 5 => "Abrikosov vortices" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1662418" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Material Bi-2223" 1 => "Rendimiento de fuerza magnética" 2 => "Disipación de energía" 3 => "Energía de fijación de flujo" 4 => "Capacidad de fijación de flujo" 5 => "Vórtices de Abrikosov" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "This article breaks new ground in understanding of variation in the magnetic strength performance, flux pinning and energy dissipation mechanism of polycrystalline bulk Bi1.8Sr2.0Ca2.2Cu3.0Oy (Bi-2223) superconducting materials added with the different vanadium concentration level (0.0≤x≤0.30) under the magnetic field strengths applied up to 5T for the first time. We provide the sophisticated and phenomenological discussions on the magnetoresistivity measurement results in three main sections along the paper. All the findings show that the increase of both the vanadium concentration in the crystal structure and external magnetic field strength damages significantly the magnetic strength performance, vortex dynamics, flux pinning ability and vortex lattice elasticity of bulk Bi-2223 superconducting ceramics. The vanadium addition promotes thermally the movement of correlated two-dimensional (2D) pancake Abrikosov vortices between the in-plane Cu–O2 layers in the valance band, vortex lattice elasticity, vortex dynamics, distance for interlayer Josephson couplings and flux pinning centers and the theoretical computations confirm the remarkable degradation in the formation of super-electrons in the Bi-2223 crystal system. Thus, the vanadium addition is anticipated to be one of the best selectable materials to examine the differentiation in the thermal movement of correlated 2D Pancake Abrikosov vortices in the bulk Bi-2223 superconducting system." ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "Este artículo abre nuevos caminos en la comprensión de la variación en el rendimiento de la fuerza magnética, fijación de flujo y mecanismo de disipación de energía de los materiales superconductores Bi1.8Sr2.0Ca2.2Cu3.0Oy (Bi-2223) a granel policristalino agregados con los diferentes niveles de concentración de vanadio (0.0≤ x ≤ 0,30) bajo las intensidades de campo magnético aplicadas hasta 5 T por primera vez. Proporcionamos discusiones sofisticadas y fenomenológicas sobre los resultados de la medición de magnetorresistividad en tres secciones principales a lo largo del documento. Todos los hallazgos muestran que el aumento tanto de la concentración de vanadio en la estructura cristalina como de la fuerza del campo magnético externo daña significativamente el rendimiento de la fuerza magnética, la dinámica del vórtice, la capacidad de fijación del flujo y la elasticidad del retículo del vórtice de las cerámicas superconductoras Bi-2223 a granel. La adición de vanadio promueve térmicamente el movimiento de los vórtices de Abrikosov tipo panqueque bidimensionales (2D) correlacionados entre las capas de Cu2O en el plano en la banda de cenefa, la elasticidad del retículo de vórtice, la dinámica de vórtice, la distancia para los acoplamientos de Josephson entre capas y los centros de fijación de flujo. Los cálculos teóricos confirman la notable degradación en la formación de superelectrones en el sistema cristalino Bi-2223. Por lo tanto, se prevé que la adición de vanadio sea uno de los mejores materiales seleccionables para examinar la diferenciación en el movimiento térmico de los vórtices 2D pancake Abrikosov correlacionados en el sistema superconductor Bi-2223 a granel." ] ] "multimedia" => array:14 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 4175 "Ancho" => 2686 "Tamanyo" => 674242 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Change in lnρ/ρ120K over 1/T (K−1) curves of polycrystalline bulk Vanadium added Bi1.8Sr2.0Ca2.2Cu3.0VxOy superconducting materials. Activation energy values for materials are inferred from slopes of linear parts in low magnetoresistivity regions at different external magnetic fields." ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 584 "Ancho" => 755 "Tamanyo" => 55807 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Differentiation of flux pinning energy values for movement of correlated 2D Pancake Abrikosov vortices in crystal system with magnetic field strengths applied up to 5T. (Continuous lines guide to the eye, and slopes are grounded on linear regression)." ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 1037 "Ancho" => 1341 "Tamanyo" => 115755 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Variation in flux pinning energy values as a function of magnetic field strengths applied up to 5T for every material studied. (Continuous lines guide to the eye, and slopes are grounded on linear regression)." ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0020" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg" "Alto" => 896 "Ancho" => 2341 "Tamanyo" => 166162 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Temperature-dependent (a) Irreversibility critical fields and (b) Upper critical fields. (Continuous lines guide to the eye, and slopes are determined with regard to linear regression)." ] ] 4 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Materials \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="6" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Activation energies (K)</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">0T \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">0.5T \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1T \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">3T \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">5T \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">β values \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Pure \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">5132 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3808 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2667 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1623 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1201 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.492 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">V1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4265 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2832 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2148 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1370 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1061 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.422 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">V2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3011 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2047 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1614 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1117 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">955 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.332 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">V3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2422 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1687 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1330 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">946 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">819 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.314 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">V4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1154 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">627 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">511 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">387 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.269 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">V5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">716 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">334 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">142 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">V6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">498 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">219 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">36 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">– \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3211309.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Flux pinning energy parameters for movement of correlated 2D Pancake Abrikosov vortices and applied magnetic field-dependent activation energy values for Bi1.8Sr2.0Ca2.2Cu3.0VxOy superconducting materials." ] ] 5 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Compounds \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Hc1(0) (T) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Hirr(0) (T) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Hc2(0) (T) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Hc(0) (T) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Hc3(0) (T) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">λ(0) (Å) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ξ(0) (Å) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">κ(0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Pure \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.3501 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">70.01 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">134.68 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6.87 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">227.61 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">21.70 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15.65 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.39 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">V1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.1776 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">35.51 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">107.60 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.37 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">181.85 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30.47 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17.50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.74 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">V2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.1048 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20.95 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">45.14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">76.29 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">39.67 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">27.02 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.47 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">V3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.0548 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10.95 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30.91 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">52.24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">54.86 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">32.66 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.68 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">V4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.0191 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.82 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18.21 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.59 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30.78 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">92.89 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">42.55 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">V5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.0080 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.59 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9.74 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.28 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16.46 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">143.98 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">58.17 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.48 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">V6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.0077 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.54 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6.93 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11.71 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">146.30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">68.97 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3211310.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Temperature-dependent thermodynamics and quantum mechanical quantities including μ0Hirr, μ0Hc1, μ0Hc, μ0Hc2, μ0Hc3, λ, ξ and κ for every compound studied in this work." ] ] 6 => array:6 [ "identificador" => "eq0005" "etiqueta" => "(1)" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFORMULA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "Formula" => array:5 [ "Matematica" => "ρ=ρ0exp−U0kBT" "Fichero" => "STRIPIN_si1.jpeg" "Tamanyo" => 1592 "Alto" => 40 "Ancho" => 127 ] ] 7 => array:6 [ "identificador" => "eq0010" "etiqueta" => "(2)" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFORMULA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "Formula" => array:5 [ "Matematica" => "U(µ0H)≈µ0H−β" "Fichero" => "STRIPIN_si2.jpeg" "Tamanyo" => 1095 "Alto" => 17 "Ancho" => 109 ] ] 8 => array:6 [ "identificador" => "eq0015" "etiqueta" => "(3)" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFORMULA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "Formula" => array:5 [ "Matematica" => "µ0Hirr≅200×µ0Hc1" "Fichero" => "STRIPIN_si4.jpeg" "Tamanyo" => 1332 "Alto" => 13 "Ancho" => 138 ] ] 9 => array:6 [ "identificador" => "eq0020" "etiqueta" => "(4)" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFORMULA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "Formula" => array:5 [ "Matematica" => "μ0Hc1=μ02Hc2μ0Hc2" "Fichero" => "STRIPIN_si5.jpeg" "Tamanyo" => 1390 "Alto" => 36 "Ancho" => 98 ] ] 10 => array:6 [ "identificador" => "eq0025" "etiqueta" => "(5)" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFORMULA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "Formula" => array:5 [ "Matematica" => "ρ(μ0Hirr,T)=0.1 ρn for the μ0Hirr(T) and" "Fichero" => "STRIPIN_si6.jpeg" "Tamanyo" => 2440 "Alto" => 16 "Ancho" => 270 ] ] 11 => array:6 [ "identificador" => "eq0030" "etiqueta" => "(6)" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFORMULA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "Formula" => array:5 [ "Matematica" => "ρ(μ0Hc2,T)=0.9 ρn for the μ0Hc2(T)" "Fichero" => "STRIPIN_si7.jpeg" "Tamanyo" => 2196 "Alto" => 16 "Ancho" => 237 ] ] 12 => array:6 [ "identificador" => "eq0035" "etiqueta" => "(7)" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFORMULA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "Formula" => array:5 [ "Matematica" => "ξ(T)=ϕ02πμ0Hc2(T)1/2" "Fichero" => "STRIPIN_si8.jpeg" "Tamanyo" => 1977 "Alto" => 42 "Ancho" => 156 ] ] 13 => array:6 [ "identificador" => "eq0040" "etiqueta" => "(8)" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFORMULA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "Formula" => array:5 [ "Matematica" => "λ(T)=ϕ02πμ0Hirr(T)1/2" "Fichero" => "STRIPIN_si9.jpeg" "Tamanyo" => 2049 "Alto" => 42 "Ancho" => 159 ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:45 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0230" "etiqueta" => "[1]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "New high-Tc oxide superconductor without a rare earth element" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "H. Maeda" 1 => "Y. Tanaka" 2 => "M. Fukutomi" 3 => "T.A. Asano" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Jpn. J. Appl. Phys." "fecha" => "1988" "volumen" => "27" "numero" => "2A" "paginaInicial" => "L209" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0235" "etiqueta" => "[2]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Superconductivity in the Bi–Sr–Cu–O system" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => "C. Michel" 1 => "M. Hervieu" 2 => "M.M. Borel" 3 => "A. Grandin" 4 => "F. Deslandes" 5 => "J. Provost" 6 => "B. Raveau" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Z. Phys. B Con. Mat." "fecha" => "1987" "volumen" => "68" "paginaInicial" => "421" "paginaFinal" => "423" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0240" "etiqueta" => "[3]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "H.G. Von" 1 => "Schnering" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl." "fecha" => "1988" "volumen" => "27" "paginaInicial" => "119881" ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0245" "etiqueta" => "[4]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Structural and physical properties of Cd-doped Bi1.64Pb0.36Sr2Ca2−xCdxCu3Oy superconductor" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "S.E. Mousavi Ghahfarokhi" 1 => "M. Zargar" 2 => "Shoushtari" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Phys. B Condens. Matter" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "405" "paginaInicial" => "4643" "paginaFinal" => "4649" ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0250" "etiqueta" => "[5]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Application of high-pressure techniques: stabilization and oxidation-state control of novel superconductive and related multi-layered copper oxides" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "H. Yamauchi" 1 => "M. Karppinen" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Supercond. Sci. Techol." "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "13" "paginaInicial" => "R33" "paginaFinal" => "R52" ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0255" "etiqueta" => "[6]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Joining of Bi-2212 high-Tc superconductors and metals using indium solders" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "S.Y. Oh" 1 => "H.R. Kim" 2 => "Y.H. Jeong" 3 => "O.B. Hyun" 4 => "C.J. Kim" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Physica C" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "463–465" "paginaInicial" => "464" "paginaFinal" => "467" ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0260" "etiqueta" => "[7]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A novel research on the subject of the load-independent microhardness performances of Sr/Ti partial displacement in Bi-2212 ceramics" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "Y. Zalaoglu" 1 => "T. Turgay" 2 => "A.T. Ulgen" 3 => "U. Erdem" 4 => "M.B. Turkoz" 5 => "G. Yildirim" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J. Mater. Sci: Mater. Electron." "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "31" "paginaInicial" => "22239" "paginaFinal" => "22251" ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0265" "etiqueta" => "[8]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "6.4MVA resitive fault current limiter based on Bi-2212 superconductor" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:8 [ 0 => "M. Chen" 1 => "W. Paul" 2 => "M. Lakner" 3 => "L. Donzel" 4 => "M. Hoidis" 5 => "P. Unternaehrer" 6 => "R. Weder" 7 => "M. Mendik" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Physica C" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "372" "paginaInicial" => "1657" "paginaFinal" => "1663" ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0270" "etiqueta" => "[9]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "High-pressure synthesis of homologous series of high critical temperature (Tc) superconductors" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "M.E. Takayama" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Chem. Mater." "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "10" "paginaInicial" => "2686" "paginaFinal" => "2698" ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0275" "etiqueta" => "[10]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Role of trivalent Bi/Tm partial substitution on active operable slip systems in Bi 2212 crystal structure" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "U. Erdem" 1 => "Y. Zalaoglu" 2 => "A.T. Ulgen" 3 => "T. Turgay" 4 => "G. Yildirim" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Cryogenics" "fecha" => "2021" "volumen" => "113" "paginaInicial" => "103212" ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0280" "etiqueta" => "[11]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Introduction to High-temperature Superconductivity" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "T.P. Sheahen" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:4 [ "edicion" => "1st ed." "fecha" => "2002" "editorial" => "Kluwer Academic Publishers" "editorialLocalizacion" => "New York Boston" ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0285" "etiqueta" => "[12]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "High-Temperature Superconductors" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "A.K. Saxena" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:4 [ "edicion" => "2nd ed." "fecha" => "2012" "editorial" => "Springer Heidelberg" "editorialLocalizacion" => "New York/Dordrecht/London" ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0290" "etiqueta" => "[13]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Evaluation of crystallographic and electrical-superconducting features of Bi-2223 advanced ceramics with vanadium addition" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "B. Akkurt" 1 => "U. Erdem" 2 => "Y. Zalaoglu" 3 => "A.T. Ulgen" 4 => "T. Turgay" 5 => "G. Yildirim" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s10854-021-05238-5" "Revista" => array:2 [ "tituloSerie" => "J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron." "fecha" => "2021" ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0295" "etiqueta" => "[14]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effect of vanadium addition on fundamental electrical quantities of Bi-2223 crystal structure and semi-empirical model on structural disorders-defects" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "A.T. Ulgen" 1 => "U. Erdem" 2 => "Y. Zalaoglu" 3 => "T. Turgay" 4 => "G. Yildirim" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron." "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "31" "paginaInicial" => "13765" "paginaFinal" => "13777" ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0300" "etiqueta" => "[15]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Evaluation of Magneto-Resistivity Performances and Flux Pinning Centers with Vanadium Addition in Bi-2223 Main Matrix" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "M.B. Turkoz" 1 => "M. Oz" 2 => "T. Turgay" 3 => "G. Yildirim" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:5 [ "edicion" => "1st ed." "fecha" => "2020" "paginaInicial" => "139" "paginaFinal" => "158" "editorial" => "Gece Publishing" ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0305" "etiqueta" => "[16]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "M.V. Feigelman" 1 => "V.B. Geshkenbein" 2 => "A.I. Larkin" 3 => "V.M. Vinokur" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1103/PhysRevLett.63.2303" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Phys. Rev. Lett." "fecha" => "1989" "volumen" => "63" "paginaInicial" => "2303" "paginaFinal" => "2306" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10040852" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0310" "etiqueta" => "[17]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "M.P.A. Fisher" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1103/PhysRevLett.62.1415" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Phys. Rev. Lett." "fecha" => "1989" "volumen" => "62" "paginaInicial" => "1415" "paginaFinal" => "1418" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10039668" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0315" "etiqueta" => "[18]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The Physics of Superconductors: Introduction to Fundamentals and Applications" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "V.V. Schmidt" 1 => "P. Muller" 2 => "A.V. Ustinov" 3 => "I.V. Grigorieva" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:4 [ "edicion" => "1st ed." "fecha" => "2010" "editorial" => "Springer" "editorialLocalizacion" => "Berlin" ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0320" "etiqueta" => "[19]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Important defeats on pinning of 2D pancake vortices in highly anisotropic Bi-2212 superconducting matrix with homovalent Bi/La substitution" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => "Y. Zalaoglu" 1 => "G. Yildirim" 2 => "H. Buyukuslu" 3 => "N.K. Saritekin" 4 => "A. Varilci" 5 => "C. Terzioglu" 6 => "O. Gorur" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J. Alloys Compd." "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "631" "paginaInicial" => "111" "paginaFinal" => "119" ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0325" "etiqueta" => "[20]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "J(c)-B-T surface of high-J(c) Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x/Ag tape" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:8 [ 0 => "I. Kusevic" 1 => "P. Simundic" 2 => "E. Babic" 3 => "J. Ivkov" 4 => "Z. Marohnic" 5 => "M. Ionescu" 6 => "H.K. Lui" 7 => "S.X. Dou" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Supercond. Sci. Technol." "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "9" "paginaInicial" => "1060" "paginaFinal" => "1065" ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0330" "etiqueta" => "[21]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Role of diffusion-annealing time on the superconducting, microstructural and mechanical properties of Cu-diffused bulk MgB2 superconductor" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => "M. Dogruer" 1 => "O. Gorur" 2 => "Y. Zalaoglu" 3 => "O. Ozturk" 4 => "G. Yildirim" 5 => "A. Varilci" 6 => "C. Terzioglu" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron." "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "24" "paginaInicial" => "352" "paginaFinal" => "361" ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0335" "etiqueta" => "[22]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Magnetoresistivity study on Cr added Bi-2212 superconductor ceramics with experimental and theoretical approaches" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "Y. Zalaoglu" 1 => "G. Yildirim" 2 => "C. Terzioglu" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron." "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "24" "paginaInicial" => "239" "paginaFinal" => "247" ] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0340" "etiqueta" => "[23]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Phase-slip analysis of the nonohmic transition in granular YBa2Cu3O6.9" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "C. Gaffney" 1 => "H. Petersen" 2 => "R. Bednar" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Phys. Rev. B" "fecha" => "1993" "volumen" => "48" "paginaInicial" => "3388" "paginaFinal" => "3392" ] ] ] ] ] ] 23 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0345" "etiqueta" => "[24]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Voltage due to thermal noise in the Dc Josephson effect" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "V. Ambegaokar" 1 => "B.I. Halperin" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Phys. Rev. Lett." "fecha" => "1969" "volumen" => "23" "paginaInicial" => "274" ] ] ] ] ] ] 24 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0350" "etiqueta" => "[25]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Magnetic transport properties and Hall effect in Gd1−xPrxBa2Cu3O7−y system" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "H. Khosroabadi" 1 => "V. Daadmehr" 2 => "M. Akhavan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Physica C" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "384" "paginaInicial" => "169" "paginaFinal" => "177" ] ] ] ] ] ] 25 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0355" "etiqueta" => "[26]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Magnetoresistance in Gd(Ba2−xPrx)Cu3O7+y system" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "M.R. Mohammadizadeh" 1 => "M. Akhavan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Physica C" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "390" "paginaInicial" => "134" "paginaFinal" => "142" ] ] ] ] ] ] 26 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0360" "etiqueta" => "[27]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Formation of artificial flux pinning centers in Bi-2223 cuprate superconductor with Ni impurities and enhanced resistant to thermal fluxon motions of correlated 2D pancake vortices in new matrix" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "G. Yildirim" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J. Alloys Compd." "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "745" "paginaInicial" => "100" "paginaFinal" => "110" ] ] ] ] ] ] 27 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0365" "etiqueta" => "[28]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "New theory of superconductivity. method of equilibrium density matrix. Magnetic field in superconductor" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "W. Meissner" 1 => "R. Ochsenfeld" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Naturwissenschaften" "fecha" => "1933" "volumen" => "21" "paginaInicial" => "787" "paginaFinal" => "788" ] ] ] ] ] ] 28 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0370" "etiqueta" => "[29]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Special features of properties of the “Shubnikov phases”" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "Y.N. Ovchinnikov" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Usp. Fiz. Nauk." "fecha" => "1982" "volumen" => "137" "paginaInicial" => "473" "paginaFinal" => "478" ] ] ] ] ] ] 29 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0375" "etiqueta" => "[30]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Ac losses and irreversibility line of Bi–(Pb)–Sr–Ca–Cu–O high-T-C superconductors" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "S. Celebi" 1 => "S. Nezir" 2 => "A. Gencer" 3 => "E. Yanmaz" 4 => "M. Altunbas" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J. Alloys Compd." "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "255" "paginaInicial" => "5" "paginaFinal" => "10" ] ] ] ] ] ] 30 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0380" "etiqueta" => "[31]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Flux pinning and irreversibility in YBa2Cu3O7 superconducting crystal" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "L.T. Sagdahl" 1 => "S. Gjolmesli" 2 => "T. Laegreid" 3 => "K. Fossheim" 4 => "W. Assmus" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1103/physrevb.42.6797" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter." "fecha" => "1990" "volumen" => "42" "paginaInicial" => "6797" "paginaFinal" => "6800" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9994789" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 31 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0385" "etiqueta" => "[32]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resistive transition of high-temperature superconductors" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "M. Tinkham" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1103/PhysRevLett.61.1658" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Phys. Rev. Lett." "fecha" => "1988" "volumen" => "61" "paginaInicial" => "1658" "paginaFinal" => "1661" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10038862" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 32 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0390" "etiqueta" => "[33]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Dissipative flux motion in high-temperature superconductors" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "T.T.M. Palstra" 1 => "B. Batlogg" 2 => "R.B. Van Dover" 3 => "L.F. Schneemeyer" 4 => "J.V. Waszczak" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1103/physrevb.41.6621" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter." "fecha" => "1990" "volumen" => "41" "paginaInicial" => "6621" "paginaFinal" => "6632" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9992912" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 33 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0395" "etiqueta" => "[34]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "High temperature performance of Mgb2 powder-in-tube composite tapes" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "H. Kitaguchi" 1 => "A. Matsumoto" 2 => "H. Hatakeyama" 3 => "H. Kumakura" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Supercond. Sci. Technol." "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "17" "paginaInicial" => "S486" "paginaFinal" => "S489" ] ] ] ] ] ] 34 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0400" "etiqueta" => "[35]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Study of MgO formation and structural defects in in-situ processed MgB2/Fe wires" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "J.H. Kim" 1 => "S.X. Dou" 2 => "D.Q. Shi" 3 => "M. Rindfleisch" 4 => "M. Tomsic" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Supercond. Sci. Technol." "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "20" "paginaInicial" => "1026" "paginaFinal" => "1031" ] ] ] ] ] ] 35 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0405" "etiqueta" => "[36]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "An intercomparison of the upper critical fields (Hc2) of different superconductors-YBa2Cu3O7, MgB2, NdFeAsO0.8F0.2, FeSe0.5 Te0.5 and Nb2PdS5" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "R. Sultana" 1 => "P. Rani" 2 => "A.K. Hafiz" 3 => "Reena Goyal" 4 => "V.P.S. Awana" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J. Supercond. Nov. Magn." "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "29" "paginaInicial" => "1399" "paginaFinal" => "1404" ] ] ] ] ] ] 36 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0410" "etiqueta" => "[37]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Enhanced critical parameters of nanocarbon doped MgB2 superconductor" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M. Mudgel" 1 => "L.S. Sharath Chandra" 2 => "V. Ganesan" 3 => "G.L. Bhalla" 4 => "H. Kishan" 5 => "V.P.S. Awana" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "J. Appl. Phys." "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "106" "paginaInicial" => "033904" ] ] ] ] ] ] 37 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0415" "etiqueta" => "[38]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Study of microstructure and magneto-transport properties in Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca3GdxCu4Oδ superconducting systems" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "H. Agil" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J. Mater. Sci: Mater. Electron." "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "29" "paginaInicial" => "16157" "paginaFinal" => "16165" ] ] ] ] ] ] 38 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0420" "etiqueta" => "[39]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Magnetoresistance irreversibility fields, and critical currents of superconducting 2G tape" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "W.M. Woch" 1 => "M. Kowalik" 2 => "M. Giebułtowski" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J. Supercond. Nov. Magn." "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "30" "paginaInicial" => "569" "paginaFinal" => "574" ] ] ] ] ] ] 39 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0425" "etiqueta" => "[40]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "An innovative approach to fabricate MgB2/Fe IMD wires by magnesium powder method" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "H. Yetiş" 1 => "D. Avcı" 2 => "F. Karaboğa" 3 => "D. Gajda" 4 => "M. Akdoğan" 5 => "I. Belenli" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Physica B" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "593" "paginaInicial" => "412277" ] ] ] ] ] ] 40 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0430" "etiqueta" => "[41]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Influence of coronene addition on some superconducting properties of bulk MgB2" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "O. Erdem" 1 => "G. Kirat" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J. Mater. Sci: Mater. Electron." "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "29" "paginaInicial" => "17222" "paginaFinal" => "17233" ] ] ] ] ] ] 41 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0435" "etiqueta" => "[42]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Upper limit for the critical field in hard superconductors" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "A.M. Clogston" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Phys. Rev. Lett." "fecha" => "1962" "volumen" => "9" "paginaInicial" => "266" ] ] ] ] ] ] 42 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0440" "etiqueta" => "[43]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effect of MgB2 addition on thermal fluxon motions of two-dimensional pancake vortices in Bi-2223 superconducting ceramic" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "M. Dogruer" 1 => "C. Terzioglu" 2 => "G. Yildirim" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J. Alloys Compd." "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "15" "paginaInicial" => "879" "paginaFinal" => "886" ] ] ] ] ] ] 43 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0445" "etiqueta" => "[44]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effect of rare-earth doping on the superconducting properties of MgB2" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "N. Ojha" 1 => "G.D. Varma" 2 => "H.K. Singh" 3 => "V.P.S. Awana" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "J. Appl. Phys." "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "105" "paginaInicial" => "07E315" ] ] ] ] ] ] 44 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0450" "etiqueta" => "[45]" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effect of zirconium diffusion on the microstructural and superconducting properties of YBa2Cu3O7−y superconductors" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => "S.B. Guner" 1 => "O. Gorur" 2 => "S. Celik" 3 => "M. Dogruer" 4 => "G. Yildirim" 5 => "A. Varilci" 6 => "C. Terzioglu" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J. Alloys Compd." "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "540" "paginaInicial" => "260" "paginaFinal" => "266" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/03663175/0000006200000003/v2_202307101707/S0366317522000140/v2_202307101707/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => null "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/03663175/0000006200000003/v2_202307101707/S0366317522000140/v2_202307101707/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0366317522000140?idApp=UINPBA00004N"]

Statistics

Contribution of vanadium particles to thermal movement of correlated two-dimensional pancake Abrikosov vortices in Bi-2223 superconducting system

Contribución de las partículas de vanadio al movimiento térmico de los vórtices de Abrikosov tipo panqueque bidimensionales correlacionados en el sistema superconductor Bi-2223

Asaf Tolga Ulgena, Ümit Erdemb,

Corresponding author

umiterdem@kku.edu.tr

Corresponding author.

, Gurcan Yildirimc, Mustafa Burak Turkozd, Tahsin Turgaye

a Sirnak University, Department of Electric-Electronic Engineering, Sirnak 73000, Turkey

b Scientific and Technological Research Application Center, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale 71450, Turkey

c Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bolu 14280, Turkey

d Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Karabuk University, Karabuk 78050, Turkey

e Sakarya University, Department of Architecture, Sakarya 54187, Turkey

Read

669

Times
was read the article

310

Total PDF

359

Total HTML

Share statistics

 array:23 [
  "pii" => "S0366317522000140"
  "issn" => "03663175"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.bsecv.2022.02.006"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2023-05-01"
  "aid" => "332"
  "copyright" => "The Author&#40;s&#41;"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2022"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 1
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Bol Soc Esp Ceram Vidr. 2023;62:257-67"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:1 [
    "total" => 0
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S0366317522000231"
    "issn" => "03663175"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.bsecv.2022.03.001"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2023-05-01"
    "aid" => "334"
    "copyright" => "The Authors"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Bol Soc Esp Ceram Vidr. 2023;62:268-83"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:1 [
      "total" => 0
    ]
    "en" => array:13 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Mineralogical and physico-chemical characterization of bentonite materials from the Oued Zemmour area &#40;Oriental Rif&#44; Nador-Morocco&#41;&#58; Valorization in ceramic field"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:3 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "en"
        2 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "268"
          "paginaFinal" => "283"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Caracterizaci&#243;n mineral&#243;gica y f&#237;sico-qu&#237;mica de materiales benton&#237;ticos de la zona de Oued Zemmour &#40;Rif Oriental&#44; Nador-Marruecos&#41;&#58; Valorizaci&#243;n en el &#225;mbito cer&#225;mico"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 1
        "multimedia" => array:5 [
          "identificador" => "fig0080"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => false
          "mostrarDisplay" => true
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "fx1.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 802
              "Ancho" => 1333
              "Tamanyo" => 139021
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Yassine Et-Tayea, Achraf Harrati, Ahmed Rachid, Hicham Nasri, Ahmed Attou, Youssef Arkame, Ahmed Manni, Younes Mamouch, Abdeslam El Bouari, Fai&#231;al El Khazanti, Chaouki Sadik"
          "autores" => array:11 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Yassine"
              "apellidos" => "Et-Tayea"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Achraf"
              "apellidos" => "Harrati"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Ahmed"
              "apellidos" => "Rachid"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Hicham"
              "apellidos" => "Nasri"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Ahmed"
              "apellidos" => "Attou"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Youssef"
              "apellidos" => "Arkame"
            ]
            6 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Ahmed"
              "apellidos" => "Manni"
            ]
            7 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Younes"
              "apellidos" => "Mamouch"
            ]
            8 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Abdeslam"
              "apellidos" => "El Bouari"
            ]
            9 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Fai&#231;al"
              "apellidos" => "El Khazanti"
            ]
            10 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Chaouki"
              "apellidos" => "Sadik"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "resumen" => array:1 [
        0 => array:3 [
          "titulo" => "Graphical abstract"
          "clase" => "graphical"
          "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0080"></elsevierMultimedia></p></span>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0366317522000231?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/03663175/0000006200000003/v2_202307101707/S0366317522000231/v2_202307101707/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S0366317522000024"
    "issn" => "03663175"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.bsecv.2022.01.002"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2023-05-01"
    "aid" => "326"
    "copyright" => "The Author&#40;s&#41;"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Bol Soc Esp Ceram Vidr. 2023;62:243-56"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:1 [
      "total" => 0
    ]
    "en" => array:12 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Controlling the hardness and wear resistance of opaque white glaze by addition of halloysite clay in the composition"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "243"
          "paginaFinal" => "256"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Controlar la dureza y la resistencia al desgaste del esmalte blanco opaco mediante la adici&#243;n de arcilla halloysita en la composici&#243;n"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0075"
          "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 15"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr15.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 1382
              "Ancho" => 2156
              "Tamanyo" => 152221
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Vickers hardness value of the glazes with addition uncalcined and calcined halloysite&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Neslihan Tamsu Selli, Neslihan Basaran"
          "autores" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Neslihan"
              "apellidos" => "Tamsu Selli"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Neslihan"
              "apellidos" => "Basaran"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0366317522000024?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/03663175/0000006200000003/v2_202307101707/S0366317522000024/v2_202307101707/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:18 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "titulo" => "Contribution of vanadium particles to thermal movement of correlated two-dimensional pancake Abrikosov vortices in Bi-2223 superconducting system"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "257"
        "paginaFinal" => "267"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "Asaf Tolga Ulgen, &#220;mit Erdem, Gurcan Yildirim, Mustafa Burak Turkoz, Tahsin Turgay"
        "autores" => array:5 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Asaf Tolga"
            "apellidos" => "Ulgen"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "&#220;mit"
            "apellidos" => "Erdem"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "umiterdem@kku.edu.tr"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Gurcan"
            "apellidos" => "Yildirim"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Mustafa Burak"
            "apellidos" => "Turkoz"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0020"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Tahsin"
            "apellidos" => "Turgay"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0025"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:5 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Sirnak University&#44; Department of Electric-Electronic Engineering&#44; Sirnak 73000&#44; Turkey"
            "etiqueta" => "a"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Scientific and Technological Research Application Center&#44; Kirikkale University&#44; Kirikkale 71450&#44; Turkey"
            "etiqueta" => "b"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University&#44; Department of Mechanical Engineering&#44; Bolu 14280&#44; Turkey"
            "etiqueta" => "c"
            "identificador" => "aff0015"
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering&#44; Karabuk University&#44; Karabuk 78050&#44; Turkey"
            "etiqueta" => "d"
            "identificador" => "aff0020"
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Sakarya University&#44; Department of Architecture&#44; Sakarya 54187&#44; Turkey"
            "etiqueta" => "e"
            "identificador" => "aff0025"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Corresponding author</span>&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Contribuci&#243;n de las part&#237;culas de vanadio al movimiento t&#233;rmico de los v&#243;rtices de Abrikosov tipo panqueque bidimensionales correlacionados en el sistema superconductor Bi-2223"
      ]
    ]
    "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
      "original" => 0
      "multimedia" => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 4175
            "Ancho" => 2686
            "Tamanyo" => 674242
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Change in ln<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#961;</span>&#47;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#961;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">120K</span> over 1&#47;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span> &#40;K<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span>&#41; curves of polycrystalline bulk Vanadium added Bi<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1&#46;8</span>Sr<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2&#46;0</span>Ca<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2&#46;2</span>Cu<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3&#46;0</span>V<span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><span class="elsevierStyleInf">x</span></span>O<span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><span class="elsevierStyleInf">y</span></span> superconducting materials&#46; Activation energy values for materials are inferred from slopes of linear parts in low magnetoresistivity regions at different external magnetic fields&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With the increment in the usage of superconducting materials in today&#39;s technology&#44; the humanity breathes a sigh of relief&#46; This is because&#44; some problematic phenomena such as the global population growth rate&#44; inexplicable advance in technology and new generation usage habits increasing harshly the energy consumption requirements&#46; Thus&#44; the scientists should consider the following concepts&#58; energy production&#44; energy consumption and related disciplines including the climate protection&#44; resource conservation and cost savings in their scientific research&#46; As for the duty of humanity&#44; new policies on the efficient energy use and energy efficiency should be developed to restrict the amount of energy used&#46; Especially the energy losses grounded on the dissipation &#40;ohmic resistance&#41; mechanism in the power tools are the problems in themselves&#46; In this context&#44; the usage of superconducting materials seems to solve these kinds of problems due to their intrinsic zero resistance&#44; economic life&#44; power quality&#44; cheap production&#44; and superior efficiency&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Among the superconducting materials&#44; the Bi-containing parents discovered in the late 1980s possess three various superconducting phases with regard to the conducting in-plane Cu&#8211;O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> layers in the crystal system <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230">&#91;1&#8211;3&#93;</a>&#46; These phases are arranged as&#58; superconducting high phase &#40;Bi-2223&#41; with the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8776;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>110<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>K&#44; low phase &#40;Bi-2212&#41; with the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8776;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>85<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>K and very low phase &#40;Bi-2201&#41; with the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span></span> of near 20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>K <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245">&#91;4&#93;</a>&#46; Namely&#44; the material family can be defined by a homologous series as Bi<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Sr<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Ca<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#8722;1</span>Cu<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span></span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4&#43;2<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span></span> according to the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> number&#46; As understood from the critical transition temperature values&#44; of the family members the Bi-2223 superconductor possesses two Ca atoms and three Cu&#8211;O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> layers in the unit cell and exhibits the largest magnetic field and current carrying capacity and application temperature regions&#46; Similarly&#44; there are a number of superior characteristic features&#44; namely rather larger critical temperature &#40;about 110<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>K as mentioned above&#41; and thermodynamic stability&#44; extremely higher magnetic field &#40;bigger than 100 T nearly at the irreversibility line temperature of 35<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>K&#41; carrying and current density &#40;greater than 10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A&#47;cm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41; capability and naturally lesser power consumption and dissipations <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0250">&#91;5&#8211;10&#93;</a>&#46; Similarly&#44; the Bi-2223 superconducting ceramic material can simply be prepared in the desired phase and presents the stability against the compositional contents and is resistant towards to the water&#47;humid atmosphere <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270">&#91;9&#44;10&#93;</a>&#46; Moreover&#44; the micaceous structure due to the presence of Bi-O layers in the crystal structure allow the Bi-2223 compound to be deformed&#44; rolled and shaped easily for the long cable construction over 1 km in length <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280">&#91;11&#93;</a> and production of tape-casting and feature texturing materials <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285">&#91;12&#93;</a>&#46; In this regard&#44; the usage in much more areas of Bi-2223 superconducting material with its alluring features under the relatively higher external magnetic field in daily life is important for the decrease of energy consumption requirements&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the present work&#44; we try to analyze the change of magnetic strength performance&#44; flux pinning and energy dissipation mechanism of polycrystalline bulk Bi<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1&#46;8</span>Sr<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2&#46;0</span>Ca<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2&#46;2</span>Cu<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3&#46;0</span>V<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span></span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">y</span></span> superconducting materials with the vanadium addition in case of the external dc magnetic field strengths applied up to 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T so that we can discuss the fundamental energy dissipation mechanisms grounded on the thermal fluxon motions of 2D discrete pancakelike vortices within the discrete pancakelike nature&#44; jumping to neighboring states&#44; interplane connection energy and flux pinning energy parameters&#46; Similarly&#44; we investigate the variation of temperature-dependent thermodynamics and quantum mechanical quantities with vanadium concentration to discuss the energy barriers&#44; vortex lattice elasticity&#44; vortex dynamics&#44; distance for interlayer Josephson couplings and flux pinning centers&#46; We also provide a strong link between inter-grain boundary coupling problems &#40;due to the vanadium addition&#41; and energy dissipation mechanisms to determine the change in susceptibility to the applied magnetic field strength&#46; It is found that the vanadium addition is noted to damage the general magnetic strength performance&#46; Accordingly&#44; it can be concluded that the vanadium addition in the Bi-2223 crystal lattice is not the preferred method to meet the energy consumption requirements&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Experimental details</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the previous scientific papers published <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0290">&#91;13&#8211;15&#93;</a>&#44; we deal with the role of vanadium addition in the polycrystalline bulk Bi<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1&#46;8</span>Sr<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2&#46;0</span>Ca<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2&#46;2</span>Cu<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3&#46;0</span>V<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span></span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">y</span></span> superconducting materials prepared within the mole-to-mole ratio of 0&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;30 on the fundamental electrical&#44; superconducting&#44; crystallographic&#44; microstructural&#44; morphological&#44; magneto-resistivity performance features with the aid of dc electrical curves depending on the temperature&#44; powder X-ray diffraction&#44; scanning electron microscopy&#44; electron dispersive X-ray and magneto-transport measurement setups&#46; We also make some theoretical discussions computations grounded on the electrical findings&#44; formation of effective flux pinning centers&#44; gap coefficients&#44; two-stage transition temperatures and structural disorders-defects&#46; One can see all the experimental procedures &#40;material preparation by the standard solid-state reaction route&#44; chemicals with their purities&#44; experimental setup&#44; measurement temperature ranges&#41; in detail in Refs&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0290">&#91;13&#8211;15&#93;</a>&#46; The key findings deduced from the papers depend on the fact that the presence of vanadium damages dramatically the fundamental characteristic features of Bi-2223 ceramic superconducting materials&#46; In fact&#44; the properties get more and more degraded with the increase of addition level and some of them are unobservable&#46; Thus&#44; the vanadium addition idea in the crystal structure is not turned to be a useful solution for the usage of Bi-2223 superconducting ceramics in the advanced engineering and large-scale application fields&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study provides some critical detail about how the pair-breaking mechanism &#40;based on the orbital limit effect&#41; proposed by Abrikosov-Gorkov&#44; Arrhenius activation law&#44; Ginzburg Landau relation&#44; power law and intercept of extrapolation approaches use to determine the thermodynamics and quantum mechanical quantities&#46; Accordingly&#44; the crucial roles of vanadium and external magnetic field strength on the sophisticated and phenomenological discussions such as the thermal fluxon motions &#40;small whiskers&#41; of two-dimension &#40;2D&#41; discrete pancakelike vortices &#40;related to the vortex dynamics&#41;&#44; vortex lattice elasticity&#44; flux pinning energy&#44; jumping to neighboring states&#44; interplane connection energy&#44; variation in the distance for the flux pinning centers&#44; energy barriers between in-plane Cu&#8211;O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> layers and distance between interlayer Josephson couplings are thoroughly discussed in detail&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the paper&#44; the pure and vanadium added bulk Bi-2223 superconducting compounds prepared at the different molar concentration level of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44; 0&#46;01&#44; 0&#46;03&#44; 0&#46;05&#44; 0&#46;07&#44; 0&#46;10 and 0&#46;30 will thenceforward be named as pure V1&#44; V2&#44; V3&#44; V4&#44; V5&#44; and V6&#44; respectively&#46; As for the experimental parts&#44; the magneto-transport measurements belonging to the materials were conducted in the cryostat system in case of 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mA current applied on specimen surfaces at different applied magnetic field strengths &#40;up to 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T&#41;&#46; The measurement signals were gathered in a temperature range of 8 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">K</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>K and one can see all the experimental evidence in Ref&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300">&#91;15&#93;</a> in detail&#46; However&#44; it is obvious that much more sophisticated interpretation is needed for the full magnetic performance characterization&#46; Thus&#44; in the current work the measurement results are converted to Arrhenius &#40;ln<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#961;</span>&#47;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#961;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">120K</span> versus 1&#47;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span>&#41; curves grounded on the logarithmic resistivity variation with reciprocal of temperature to calculate the flux pinning energy values &#40;in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">K</span> unit&#41; using the slopes of linear parts in low magnetoresistivity regions at different external magnetic fields applied for all the bulk Bi<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1&#46;8</span>Sr<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2&#46;0</span>Ca<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2&#46;2</span>Cu<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3&#46;0</span>V<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span></span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">y</span></span> superconducting ceramic compounds&#46; Right after&#44; we have a chance to discuss the effect of vanadium addition and applied magnetic field strength on the flux pinning &#40;activation&#41; energies for the motion of 2D pancake vortices in the Bi-2223 superconducting matrix&#46; We also define the dependence &#40;sensitivity&#41; of flux pinning energy on the external magnetic field strengths by means of power-law approach to establish a strong link between the activation energy and inter-grain boundary coupling problems &#40;weak-interactions&#41; due to the vanadium addition in the Bi-2223 superconducting crystal structure&#46; At the same time&#44; the magnetoresistivity curves enable us to find the temperature-dependent thermodynamics and quantum mechanical quantities as regards thermodynamic critical &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span></span>&#41;&#44; lower critical &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>1</span>&#41;&#44; irreversibility &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">irr</span></span>&#41;&#44; upper critical fields &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>2</span>&#41;&#44; coherence length &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#958;</span>&#41;&#44; penetration depth &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#955;</span>&#41;&#44; and Ginzburg Landau parameter &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#954;</span>&#41; so that we can easily scientifically interpret the differentiation in the magnetic strength performance&#44; vortex dynamics&#44; flux pinning ability&#44; vortex lattice elasticity&#44; formation of super-electrons &#40;cooper-pair probabilities&#41; in the crystal system&#44; energy barrier size and discrete pancakelike nature of vortices &#40;characterized by the normal cores&#41; depending on the vanadium addition level and applied magnetic field strength&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Results and discussion</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Prior to this part&#44; we declare that the current work is a continuation of a book chapter published in Ref&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300">&#91;15&#93;</a> and prepared to bring the unfinished study on the magnetic strength performance in the literature&#46; In more detail&#44; the present work delves deeply into the effect of vanadium addition on the energy dissipation mechanisms related to the thermal fluxon motions of 2D discrete pancakelike vortices &#40;vortex dynamics&#41;&#44; jumping to neighboring states&#44; interplane connection energy and flux pinning energy&#46; Similarly&#44; the numerical data &#40;related to the thermodynamics and quantum mechanical calculations&#44; viz&#46; the thermodynamic critical&#44; lower critical&#44; irreversibility&#44; upper critical fields&#44; corresponding activation &#40;flux pinning&#41; energy&#44; coherence length&#44; penetration depth and Ginzburg Landau parameter&#41; enable us to discuss the differentiation in the length between flux pinning centers&#44; vortex lattice elasticity&#44; energy barriers between in-plane Cu&#8211;O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> layers in the valance band and distance for the interlayer Josephson couplings depending on the vanadium addition&#46; Besides&#44; we describe a strong relationship between the vanadium addition level and discrete pancakelike vortices in the bulk Bi-2223 crystal system for the first time&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Shortly&#44; this paper focuses mainly on three basic sections&#46; The first of them consists of change in the flux pinning energy with vanadium addition level and applied magnetic field strength&#46; The second one is directly interested in the finding the parameters of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">irr</span></span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>1</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span></span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>2</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>3</span>&#44; and understanding of fundamental features mentioned above&#46; The last section paves way to calculate the parameters of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#958;</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#955;</span>&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#954;</span> and describe the influence of vanadium concentration and external magnetic field strength on the vortex dynamics&#44; flux pinning ability and vortex lattice elasticity in the bulk Bi-2223 crystal structure&#46;</p><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Change in flux pinning energy</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is without any doubt that the intrinsic characteristics affect seriously the application fields of materials&#46; For our samples studied in this work&#44; the typical anisotropy grounded on the crystalline directions leads to limit seriously the usage of Bi-2223 superconducting materials in the advanced engineering and large-scale application fields due to the weak flux pinning ability under relatively small external magnetic field strength and current applications&#46; This is because&#44; the applied magnetic field moves and accelerates the 2D discrete pancakelike vortices as a consequence of the decrease in the vortex dynamics&#44; flux pinning ability and vortex lattice elasticity in the bulk Bi-2223 crystal structure&#46; That is to say&#44; the applied magnetic field automatically improves the decoupling &#40;discrete pancakelike or recoupling linelike nature of localized magnetic fluxoids&#41; of in-plane Cu&#8211;O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> &#40;adjacent multilayers&#41; layers in the valance bands of bulk Bi-2223 superconducting ceramics&#46; Therefore&#44; the interplane interaction energy immediately increases and the related distance for interlayer Josephson couplings decreases remarkably&#46; Consequently&#44; the 2D discrete pancakelike vortices begin to thermally move and accelerate to be able to jump towards near neighboring states with much higher energy barriers at the external magnetic field strength higher than certain value for the materials <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0305">&#91;16&#44;17&#93;</a>&#46; This fact triggers to generate the heat energy with the beginning of resistivity &#40;energy losses&#41; in the system <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315">&#91;18&#93;</a>&#46; As of now&#44; the fluxoids &#40;Abrikosov vortices within the 2D discrete pancakelike nature&#41; are thermally activated to overcome the pinning energy barrier&#46; In the present work&#44; we give some detail for the change of vortex dynamics&#44; elasticity of vortex lattice&#44; effective flux pinning ability&#44; potential energy barriers belonging to the pinning centers and flux pinning energy values in the polycrystalline bulk Bi<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1&#46;8</span>Sr<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2&#46;0</span>Ca<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2&#46;2</span>Cu<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3&#46;0</span>V<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span></span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">y</span></span> superconducting materials depending on the vanadium concentrations &#40;0&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;30&#41; and external magnetic field strengths &#40;up to 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T&#41; using the Arrhenius activation law grounded on thermally activated flux flow &#40;abbreviated as TAFF&#41; approach <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0320">&#91;19&#44;20&#93;</a>&#46; According to Arrhenius activation law&#44; one can see below how to calculate the flux pinning energy values for the movement &#40;hop to neighborhoods over potential energy barriers&#41; of Abrikosov vortices within the 2D discrete pancakelike nature&#58;<elsevierMultimedia ident="eq0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">in the relation&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">k</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B</span></span> presents Boltzmann&#39;s constant&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#961;</span> shows the certain value for dissipation mechanism at any temperature region when <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#961;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span> displays the field-independent pre-exponential factor &#40;for our samples the factor is chosen to be the resistivity value at 120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>K&#41; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330">&#91;21&#93;</a>&#46; The abbreviation of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span> shows the flux pinning energy value&#46; In the Arrhenius graphics provided at various applied magnetic fields &#40;up to the value of 5T&#41;&#44; we can determine the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span> values from linear slope points in broadening tail regions&#46; One can see all the Arrhenius activation curves founded on the logarithmic resistivity variation with reciprocal of temperature &#40;ln<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#961;</span>&#47;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#961;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">120K</span> versus 1&#47;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span>&#41; of polycrystalline bulk Bi<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1&#46;8</span>Sr<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2&#46;0</span>Ca<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2&#46;2</span>Cu<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3&#46;0</span>V<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span></span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">y</span></span> superconducting materials in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>a&#8211;e&#46; It is apparent from the figure that the increment in the vanadium concentration value and external magnetic field strength affect seriously the magnetic strength performance&#44; vortex dynamics&#44; flux pinning ability and vortex lattice elasticity in the Bi-2223 crystal structure&#46; The main reason in the change of magnetic characteristics can be explained by the energy dissipation mechanism stemmed from the sudden movement &#40;hop to neighborhoods over potential energy barriers&#41; of Abrikosov vortices within the 2D discrete pancakelike nature&#46; In fact&#44; from the vanadium concentration level of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05 onwards we cannot determine the flux pinning energy values for the movement of 2D discrete pancakelike Abrikosov vortices at the applied field of 5 T for the V4 sample&#44; and 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T and higher field level for the bulk V5 and V6 sample because of the complete loss of superconductivity at the applied fields&#46; Shortly&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>a&#8211;e displays that the vanadium addition as well as the external magnetic field strength is not good for the flux pinning capability of bulk Bi-2223 superconducting ceramics compound due to the presence of pair-breaking mechanism proposed by Abrikosov-Gorkov&#46; We also provide numerically the flux pinning energy parameters &#40;extracted from the Arrhenius activation curves&#41; for every superconducting material studied at various external magnetic field strengths in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; One can easily understand that the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span> values &#40;the potential energy barriers for the movement of Abrikosov vortices&#41; are found to decrease dramatically with the enhancement in the vanadium concentration level and external magnetic field strength&#46; In this respect&#44; the maximum pinning energy value of 5132<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>K is obtained for the pure sample whereas the V6 compound exhibits the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span> value of 498<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>K at zero applied magnetic field strength&#46; The other &#40;V1&#44; V2&#44; V3&#44; V4 and V5&#41; materials possess the moderate <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span> values between 4265<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>K &#40;for the V1 sample&#41; and 716<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>K &#40;for the V5 sample&#41;&#46; As the external magnetic field strength increases towards to the maximum value of 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T&#44; the pure sample presents the flux pinning energy value of 1201<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>K for the movement of Abrikosov vortices as against the value of about 819<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>K for the V3 material&#46; For the V4 compound&#44; we can determine the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span> value as 387<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>K for the maximum 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T external field strength whereas the flux pinning energy values such as 142<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>K and 36<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>K can be found at the maximum 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T applied field for the V5 and V6 compound&#44; respectively&#46; In other words&#44; it is not possible to stop the movement of Abrikosov vortices at such an applied magnetic field strength slightly greater than 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T&#44; and accordingly the energy losses &#40;dissipations&#41; begin immediately in the crystal structure&#46; The descriptors show that the presence of vanadium particles in the Bi-2223 superconducting matrix leads to increase harshly the interplane interaction energy and inter-grain boundary coupling problems &#40;weak-interactions&#41; due to the reduction of nucleation centers with the capacity of flux pinning&#46; Even&#44; the degradation in both the crystallinity quality and appearance of surface morphology has already been discussed in Refs&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0290">&#91;13&#44;14&#93;</a> where it has been found that the crystal structural was found to diminish depending on the vanadium addition level due to the increment in the grain misorientations&#44; problems of grain alignment and size distributions&#44; porosity&#44; microvoids&#44; intra&#47;inter-grain boundary interactions between the grains and formation of new internal&#44; structural and microscopic problems in the crystal system&#8221; depending on the vanadium addition level&#46; Besides&#44; the SEM images showed that the increase in the vanadium addition considerably harms on the well linked flaky layers of platelet-like shape&#44; uniform surface view&#44; porous and granular structure for superconducting grains <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290">&#91;13&#93;</a>&#46; All in all&#44; the related distance for interlayer Josephson couplings and the flux pinning centers as well as the energy barriers between in-plane Cu&#8211;O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> layers decrease considerably depending on the vanadium concentration level&#46; In the light of observed results&#44; the rule of thumb is that the variation in the fundamental characteristics mentioned above damages significantly the magnetic strength performance&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Furthermore&#44; we scrutinize the differentiation of flux pinning energy values against the external magnetic field strengths &#40;see <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41; to reveal the role of vanadium on the magnetic strength performance of bulk Bi-2223 superconductor&#46; It is visible from the figure that the activation energy curves for every material &#40;including V4&#44; V5 and V6&#41; exhibit the sharp&#47;exponential decrease up to 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T applied magnetic field strength after which the curves follow the slight softer decrease for the pure&#44; V1&#44; V2 and V3 compounds followed by the linear reduction trend in the curve for the V4 sample&#46; Besides&#44; the magnetic performance will have already been invisible for the other compounds &#40;V5 and V6&#41; at even higher applied magnetic field strengths&#46; The scenario is based on the fact that the external magnetic field firstly penetrates into inter-granular regions&#59; thus&#44; 2D discrete pancakelike Abrikosov vortices begin to move immediately &#40;beginning of thermal small whisker motions&#41; due to the presence of inter-grain boundary coupling problems in the Bi-2223 crystal system <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335">&#91;22&#93;</a>&#46; From the applied magnetic field strength of 1 T onwards the applied magnetic field lines can easily penetrate totally into the material&#46; It should be declared here that the resistivity mechanism &#40;beginning of Abrikosov vortices and entangled with each other&#41; starts below 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T external magnetic field strength applied&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At the same time&#44; the flux pinning curves interested in the variation in the activation energy values for the movement of Abrikosov vortices over the external magnetic field strengths enable us to examine the sensitivity of flux pinning energy on the external magnetic field strengths using power-law approaches so that we can easily develop a strong relationship between the activation energy and inter-grain boundary coupling problems with the vanadium addition in the polycrystalline Bi-2223 superconducting system&#44; even already confirmed clearly by the XRD and SEM measurement results displayed in Refs&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0290">&#91;13&#44;14&#93;</a>&#46; In this context&#44; the log-log curves are graphed in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a> where all the curves behave as if it were linear&#46; Hence&#44; it is obvious that we can use the power law to define the dependence of flux pinning energy for the correlated 2D pancake Abrikosov vortices on the applied magnetic field strength&#46; Namely&#44;<elsevierMultimedia ident="eq0010"></elsevierMultimedia></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">in the power law equation&#44; the variable of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#946;</span> displays the orientation of external magnetic field strength depending on the basal plane&#46; When fitting the results&#44; the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#946;</span> values are found to decrease from 0&#46;492 until 0&#46;269 with the increment in the vanadium concentration level and in fact we could not compute the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#946;</span> constant for the V5 and V6 samples because of the insufficient data&#46; On this basis&#44; the pure sample shows the maximum <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#946;</span> value of 0&#46;492 whereas the minimum value of 0&#46;269 ascribes to the bulk V4 sample&#46; The gradual reduction of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#946;</span> values with the addition level results from the augmentation of inter-grain boundary coupling problems &#40;weak interactions between the adjacent multilayers&#41; in the crystal structure&#44; even already expressed in Refs&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0290">&#91;13&#44;14&#93;</a>&#46; To sum up&#44; the pure sample with finest crystal structure presents the least sensitivity to applied magnetic field whereas the sensitivity to external magnetic field tends to increase gradually with the vanadium addition&#46; This comprehensive result is known to exhibit in parallel with the resistivity and barrier height of junction <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0340">&#91;23&#8211;26&#93;</a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Variation of temperature-dependent thermodynamics and quantum mechanical quantities of Bi<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1&#46;8</span>Sr<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2&#46;0</span>Ca<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2&#46;2</span>Cu<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3&#46;0</span>V<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span></span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">y</span></span> superconductors with vanadium concentration</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The effect of vanadium concentration in the Bi-2223 superconducting materials on the vortex lattice elasticity and vortex dynamics in the crystal system is analyzed by the critical field parameters&#46; The main approach is based on the entanglement &#40;broadening nature&#41; of correlated 2D pancake Abrikosov vortices &#40;quantized fluxoids carrying the flux quantum of &#934;&#61;h&#47;2e&#41; in the high temperature superconducting cuprates at even lower external field strength as a consequence of characteristic negative surface energy of materials&#46; The state is previously studied in the scientific paper published in Ref&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360">&#91;27&#93;</a>&#46; As a result&#44; any applied magnetic field strength can damage seriously the formation of super-electrons &#40;cooper-pair probabilities&#41; in the crystal system&#46; The first thing that comes to mind is the presence of temperature-dependent thermodynamics and quantum mechanical quantities such as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">irr</span></span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>1</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span></span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>2</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>3</span> parameters&#46; To introduce the parameters briefly&#44; the smallest critical field &#40;called as lower critical field&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c1</span></span>&#41; at the vicinity of which the external magnetic field is wholly expelled by the solid material&#44; being the perfect Meissner effect behavior <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365">&#91;28&#93;</a>&#46; Namely&#44; in case of smaller applied magnetic field than <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>1</span> value the magnetic flux could not penetrate into the material&#46; If only higher external magnetic field than <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>1</span> value is applied&#44; the magnetic fluxes penetrate&#46; It is to be emphasized here that the value cannot be determined easily for the high temperature superconducting materials&#46; As in other studies&#44; we define the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>1</span> values for our prepared samples from the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">irr</span></span> parameters with the aid of following relation&#58;<elsevierMultimedia ident="eq0015"></elsevierMultimedia></p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As for the irreversibility field &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">irr</span></span>&#41; parameter&#44; the value locates between <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>1</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>2</span> values&#44; where any external magnetic field strength can partially penetrate into the solid compound in the form of quantized fluxons within the discrete nature &#40;correlated 2D pancake Abrikosov vortices&#41;&#46; This case is called as Schubnikov phase of mixed state in which the applied magnetic field mostly damages the formation of super-electrons in the crystal system <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370">&#91;29&#93;</a>&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Moreover&#44; the other term is upper critical field &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>2</span>&#41; where the average penetrated field equals the external magnetic field&#46; At higher applied magnetic field than <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>2</span>&#44; the superconductivity phenomenon in the system breaks and slowly disappears due to 2nd order phase transition&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Additionally&#44; the other term is thermodynamic critical field &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span></span>&#41; and in case of without any applied magnetic field the parameter provides a measurement of the degree to which the superconductivity state is promoted over the normal state&#46; The <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span></span> value can be calculated from the following relation&#58;<elsevierMultimedia ident="eq0020"></elsevierMultimedia></p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The last term of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>3</span> before which the material exhibits the superconductivity phenomenon within a thin surface layer can theoretically be calculated from the formula of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>3</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8776;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;69<span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>2</span> &#40;last tangent point of superconductivity&#41;&#46; However&#44; it should be known that the superconductivity vanishes totally from the material&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are a number of literature works serving as finding the temperature-dependent thermodynamics and quantum mechanical quantities mentioned above so that the scientists can easily discuss the vortex lattice elasticity and vortex dynamics for the high temperature superconducting ceramic materials&#46; Among the techniques&#44; the dc magnetization&#44; ac susceptibility and magnetoresistivity measurements can be arranged as the most popular methods <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0375">&#91;30&#44;31&#93;</a>&#46; All the methods possess some advantages over the other approaches&#46; For example&#44; the magnetoresistivity measurement method provides the superior information about the vortex lattice elasticity&#44; resistive transitions&#44; vortex dynamics and pinning or movement of correlated 2D pancake Abrikosov vortices as compared to other ones <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0385">&#91;32&#44;33&#93;</a>&#46; In our investigation for this paper&#44; we exert the magnetoresistivity measurements at the magnetic field strengths applied up to 5 T to describe the influence of vanadium addition concentration on the fundamental thermodynamics and quantum mechanical quantities&#46; Initially&#44; we determine the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">irr</span></span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>2</span> values from the temperature-dependent magnetoresistivity measurements as provided below <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0395">&#91;34&#44;35&#93;</a>&#44; and then we calculate the other parameters of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>1</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span></span>&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>3</span> with the aid of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">irr</span></span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>2</span> values &#40;having already given above&#41;&#46; Namely&#44;<elsevierMultimedia ident="eq0025"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="eq0030"></elsevierMultimedia></p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">in the relations <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#961;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span></span> presents the normal state resistivity values of bulk Bi<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1&#46;8</span>Sr<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2&#46;0</span>Ca<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2&#46;2</span>Cu<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3&#46;0</span>V<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span></span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">y</span></span> superconducting ceramic compounds at such a temperature of 120<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>K&#46; At Schubnikov phase we separately find the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">irr</span></span>&#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span>&#41; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c2</span></span>&#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span>&#41; values for all the materials&#44; and we need to determine <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">irr</span></span>&#40;0&#41; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c2</span></span>&#40;0&#41; at zero point value to calculate the coherence length &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#958;</span>&#41;&#44; penetration depth &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#955;</span>&#41;&#44; and Ginzburg Landau parameter &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#954;</span>&#41; for every material&#46; It is well-known that there are numerous methods such as Almeida-Thouless &#40;AT&#41;&#44; Abrikosov-flux dynamics&#44; Ginzburg Landau &#40;GL&#41;&#44; Werthamer&#8211;Helfand&#8211;Hohenberg&#44; intercept of extrapolation of parameters to zero in the temperature axis&#44; etc&#46; in the literature to determine the change in the fundamental aspects of thermodynamics and quantum mechanical &#40;and related&#41; quantities&#59; namely&#44; the thermodynamic critical&#44; lower critical&#44; irreversibility&#44; upper critical fields&#44; corresponding flux pinning energy&#44; coherence length&#44; penetration depth and Ginzburg Landau parameter <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0405">&#91;36&#8211;40&#93;</a>&#46; The method used in the paper for the determination of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">irr</span></span>&#40;0&#41; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>2</span>&#40;0&#41; we prefer is the relatively easy to define the effect of vanadium addition mechanism on the fundamental characteristic features mentioned above&#46; Similarly&#44; it is to be emphasized here that the model used in our work is also preferred in several papers including different types of superconductors <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0415">&#91;38&#44;39&#44;41&#8211;43&#93;</a>&#46; Besides&#44; it is important to declare that some scientific papers directly claim that the calculation for the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>2</span> parameter at 0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>K by WHH model is rather less than that of GL model <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0400">&#91;35&#44;36&#93;</a>&#46; Thus&#44; it is clear that the model preferred in this paper is useful and reliable to discuss the magnetic performance features mentioned above&#46; Hence&#44; for absolute zero temperature we use the interpolation to approximate values on <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">y</span>-axis to find the values of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">irr</span></span>&#40;0&#41; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>2</span>&#40;0&#41;&#44; respectively <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0440">&#91;43&#93;</a>&#44; the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span></span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>1</span>&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>3</span> parameters at absolute zero temperature as they do&#46; One can observe graphically the temperature-dependent <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">irr</span></span>&#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span>&#41; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>2</span>&#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span>&#41; values for all the bulk Bi<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1&#46;8</span>Sr<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2&#46;0</span>Ca<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2&#46;2</span>Cu<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3&#46;0</span>V<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span></span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">y</span></span> superconducting ceramic compounds in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig&#46; 4</a>&#46; The obtained numerical results are listed in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#46; It is visible from the table that the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">irr</span></span>&#40;0&#41; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>2</span>&#40;0&#41; values are found to decrease regularly with the systematic increase in the vanadium concentration level in the bulk Bi-2223 crystal structure&#46; The decrease trend stems directly from the reduction of flux pinning capability and pair-breaking mechanism&#46; Numerically&#44; the maximum <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">irr</span></span>&#40;0&#41; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>2</span>&#40;0&#41; values are found to be about 70&#46;01 T and 134&#46;68 T for the pure sample whereas the V6 sample possesses the global minimum values of 1&#46;54<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T and 6&#46;93<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T for the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">irr</span></span>&#40;0&#41; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c2</span></span>&#40;0&#41; parameters&#44; respectively&#46; Depending on these values&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>1</span>&#40;0&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span></span>&#40;0&#41; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c3</span></span>&#40;0&#41; parameters are calculated to be about 0&#46;3501<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T &#40;0&#46;0077<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T&#41;&#44; 6&#46;87<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T &#40;0&#46;23<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T&#41; and 227&#46;61<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T &#40;146&#46;30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T&#41; for the pure &#40;V6&#41; compound&#46; The other materials prepared have the moderate values for the thermodynamics and quantum mechanical quantities&#46; The last findings reveal why we cannot record the temperature-dependent magnetoresisitivity experimental measurement results at relatively higher external field strength applied&#46; Besides&#44; it is fair to summarize that the dramatic reduction of thermodynamics and quantum mechanical quantities is due to the diminish of vortex lattice elasticity&#44; vortex dynamics&#44; flux pinning mechanism &#40;force&#41; and Josephson coupling length <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445">&#91;44&#93;</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Coherence length&#44; penetration depth and Ginzburg Landau parameter</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the last part of paper dealing with the magnetic strength performance&#44; we search the differentiation in the coherence length &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#958;</span>&#41;&#44; penetration depth &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#955;</span>&#41; and related Ginzburg Landau parameter &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#954;</span>&#41; depending on the vanadium addition level&#46; To remind&#44; with the penetration of magnetic field lines into the superconducting material the correlated 2D pancake fluxons begin to move thermally&#46; Thus&#44; the findings allow us to display why the movement of correlated 2D pancake Abrikosov vortices &#40;discrete pancakelike nature&#41; in the in-plane Cu&#8211;O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> layers increases with the vanadium addition level in detail&#46; It is another advantage of determination of the parameters that we can easily decide the type &#40;type-I or type-II&#41; of superconducting compounds prepared&#46; Similarly&#44; the variation of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#958;</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#955;</span> parameters enables us to determine the role of vanadium concentration on the strength of type-II nature&#46; Based on the quantum mechanical approach&#44; the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#958;</span> parameter is related to a cylindrical core of a radius while the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#955;</span> parameter is in accordance with a distance for the current circulating around the core <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0450">&#91;45&#93;</a>&#46; Nevertheless&#44; it is well-known that it is very difficult to obtain the experimental parameters from the measurements and in fact it is impossible to determine at the absolute zero temperature&#46; On this basis&#44; the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">irr</span></span>&#40;0&#41; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>2</span>&#40;0&#41; parameters are appropriate to define the effect of vanadium addition level on the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#958;</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#955;</span> parameters&#46; In the current study&#44; the parameters of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#958;</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#955;</span> at the absolute zero temperature are calculated from the following equations&#58;<elsevierMultimedia ident="eq0035"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="eq0040"></elsevierMultimedia></p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">where &#981;0 equals 2&#46;07&#215;10&#8722;15&#8201;Tm2&#46; One can see all the computations for the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#958;</span>&#40;0&#41; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#955;</span>&#40;0&#41; values in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#46; According to the table&#44; there seems to increase trend in the parameters depending on the vanadium concentration level&#46; In this regard&#44; the pure sample possesses the minimum <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#958;</span>&#40;0&#41; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#955;</span>&#40;0&#41; parameters of 15&#46;65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8491; and 21&#46;70<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8491;&#44; respectively&#46; On the other hand&#44; the maximum values of 68&#46;97<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8491; and 146&#46;30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8491; ascribe to the bulk V6 superconducting compound for the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#958;</span>&#40;0&#41; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#955;</span>&#40;0&#41; parameters&#44; respectively&#46; The other samples have the moderate values&#46; It is to be mentioned here that the presence of vanadium accelerates the 2D pancake Abrikosov vortices within the discrete pancakelike nature as a result of the decrease in the energy barrier level&#46; Likewise&#44; it can be interpreted that the vanadium addition idea in the Bi-2223 crystal structure hinders the formation of super-electrons &#40;cooper-pair probabilities&#41; in the crystal system&#46; We also compute the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#954;</span>&#40;0&#41; parameters for all the bulk Bi<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1&#46;8</span>Sr<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2&#46;0</span>Ca<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2&#46;2</span>Cu<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3&#46;0</span>V<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span></span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">y</span></span> superconducting ceramic compounds from the ratio of &#958;&#47;&#955; and insert numerically the obtained data in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> to discuss the magnetic strength of materials to the applied magnetic field strength&#46; It is apparent from the table that the smallest <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#954;</span>&#40;0&#41; value is calculated to be about 1&#46;39 for the pure sample due to its own highest magnetic strength to the external magnetic field &#40;strength of type-II nature&#41;&#46; Besides&#44; it can be explained that all the materials prepared in this work exhibit the London type superconductors in the electrodynamics locality due to the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#954;</span> value higher than the value of 1&#47;2&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Conclusion</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To conclude that&#44; in the current work we provide some crucial detail for the effect of vanadium addition &#40;within the different mole-to-mole ratios of 0&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;30 for the stoichiometric bulk Bi<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1&#46;8</span>Sr<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2&#46;0</span>Ca<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2&#46;2</span>Cu<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3&#46;0</span>V<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span></span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">y</span></span> superconducting system&#41; on the magnetic strength performance&#44; flux pinning and energy dissipation mechanism under the magnetic field strengths applied up to 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T&#46; For this aim&#44; we divide the paper in three main sections&#58; &#40;I&#41; role of vanadium addition and different external magnetic field strengths on the flux pinning energy values for 2D pancake Abrikosov vortices within the discrete pancakelike nature&#59; &#40;II&#41; differentiation in the temperature-dependent thermodynamics and quantum mechanical quantities with vanadium concentration and research of vortex dynamics&#59; &#40;III&#41; establishment a link between the vanadium addition and quantum mechanical quantities &#40;Coherence length&#44; penetration depth and Ginzburg Landau parameter&#41;&#46; According to the results obtained from the first part&#44; it is found that the magnetic strength performance&#44; vortex dynamics&#44; flux pinning ability and vortex lattice elasticity are seriously degraded with the increment in the vanadium concentration value and external magnetic field strength&#46; Thus&#44; the excess vanadium ions cause the dissipation at relatively smaller magnetic field due to the beginning of movement of correlated 2D pancake Abrikosov vortices between the in-plane Cu&#8211;O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> layers in the valance band&#46; Similarly&#44; the enhancement in the interplane interaction energy and inter-grain boundary coupling problems &#40;weak-interactions&#41; due to the reduction of nucleation centers with the capacity of flux pinning with the vanadium addition causes the dramatic decrease in the flux pinning energy&#46; It is another strong claim for the decrease in the flux pinning capability and magnetic strength performance that the presence of vanadium particles in the polycrystalline Bi-2223 structure harshly truncates the energy barriers&#44; distance for interlayer Josephson couplings and flux pinning centers&#46; The second part also shows that the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">irr</span></span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>1</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span></span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>2</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>3</span> parameters are found to considerably decrease with the increase in the vanadium addition level&#46; This is correlated to the reduction of flux pinning capability&#44; vortex lattice elasticity&#44; vortex dynamics&#44; flux pinning mechanism &#40;force&#41; and Josephson coupling length&#46; In the third part&#44; we find that all the bulk Bi<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1&#46;8</span>Sr<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2&#46;0</span>Ca<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2&#46;2</span>Cu<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3&#46;0</span>V<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span></span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">y</span></span> superconducting ceramic compounds falls into the London type superconductors in the electrodynamics locality as a result of their <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#954;</span> values&#46; Besides&#44; it is pointed out that the vanadium addition in the Bi-2223 matrix hinders the formation of super-electrons &#40;cooper-pair probabilities&#41; in the crystal system&#46; To sum up&#44; the vanadium addition idea is not good for the flux pinning capability of bulk Bi-2223 superconducting ceramics compound due to the presence of pair-breaking mechanism proposed by Abrikosov-Gorkov&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:9 [
        0 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres1928466"
          "titulo" => "Abstract"
          "secciones" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "identificador" => "abst0005"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1662417"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
        ]
        2 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres1928467"
          "titulo" => "Resumen"
          "secciones" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "identificador" => "abst0010"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1662418"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introduction"
        ]
        5 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Experimental details"
        ]
        6 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0015"
          "titulo" => "Results and discussion"
          "secciones" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0020"
              "titulo" => "Change in flux pinning energy"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0025"
              "titulo" => "Variation of temperature-dependent thermodynamics and quantum mechanical quantities of BiSrCaCuVO superconductors with vanadium concentration"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0030"
              "titulo" => "Coherence length&#44; penetration depth and Ginzburg Landau parameter"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0035"
          "titulo" => "Conclusion"
        ]
        8 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2021-10-14"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2022-02-09"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1662417"
          "palabras" => array:6 [
            0 => "Bi-2223 material"
            1 => "Magnetic strength performance"
            2 => "Energy dissipation"
            3 => "Flux pinning energy"
            4 => "Flux pinning ability"
            5 => "Abrikosov vortices"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1662418"
          "palabras" => array:6 [
            0 => "Material Bi-2223"
            1 => "Rendimiento de fuerza magn&#233;tica"
            2 => "Disipaci&#243;n de energ&#237;a"
            3 => "Energ&#237;a de fijaci&#243;n de flujo"
            4 => "Capacidad de fijaci&#243;n de flujo"
            5 => "V&#243;rtices de Abrikosov"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This article breaks new ground in understanding of variation in the magnetic strength performance&#44; flux pinning and energy dissipation mechanism of polycrystalline bulk Bi<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1&#46;8</span>Sr<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2&#46;0</span>Ca<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2&#46;2</span>Cu<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3&#46;0</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">y</span></span> &#40;Bi-2223&#41; superconducting materials added with the different vanadium concentration level &#40;0&#46;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;30&#41; under the magnetic field strengths applied up to 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T for the first time&#46; We provide the sophisticated and phenomenological discussions on the magnetoresistivity measurement results in three main sections along the paper&#46; All the findings show that the increase of both the vanadium concentration in the crystal structure and external magnetic field strength damages significantly the magnetic strength performance&#44; vortex dynamics&#44; flux pinning ability and vortex lattice elasticity of bulk Bi-2223 superconducting ceramics&#46; The vanadium addition promotes thermally the movement of correlated two-dimensional &#40;2D&#41; pancake Abrikosov vortices between the in-plane Cu&#8211;O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> layers in the valance band&#44; vortex lattice elasticity&#44; vortex dynamics&#44; distance for interlayer Josephson couplings and flux pinning centers and the theoretical computations confirm the remarkable degradation in the formation of super-electrons in the Bi-2223 crystal system&#46; Thus&#44; the vanadium addition is anticipated to be one of the best selectable materials to examine the differentiation in the thermal movement of correlated 2D Pancake Abrikosov vortices in the bulk Bi-2223 superconducting system&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Este art&#237;culo abre nuevos caminos en la comprensi&#243;n de la variaci&#243;n en el rendimiento de la fuerza magn&#233;tica&#44; fijaci&#243;n de flujo y mecanismo de disipaci&#243;n de energ&#237;a de los materiales superconductores Bi1&#46;8Sr2&#46;0Ca2&#46;2Cu3&#46;0Oy &#40;Bi-2223&#41; a granel policristalino agregados con los diferentes niveles de concentraci&#243;n de vanadio &#40;0&#46;0&#8804; x &#8804; 0&#44;30&#41; bajo las intensidades de campo magn&#233;tico aplicadas hasta 5 T por primera vez&#46; Proporcionamos discusiones sofisticadas y fenomenol&#243;gicas sobre los resultados de la medici&#243;n de magnetorresistividad en tres secciones principales a lo largo del documento&#46; Todos los hallazgos muestran que el aumento tanto de la concentraci&#243;n de vanadio en la estructura cristalina como de la fuerza del campo magn&#233;tico externo da&#241;a significativamente el rendimiento de la fuerza magn&#233;tica&#44; la din&#225;mica del v&#243;rtice&#44; la capacidad de fijaci&#243;n del flujo y la elasticidad del ret&#237;culo del v&#243;rtice de las cer&#225;micas superconductoras Bi-2223 a granel&#46; La adici&#243;n de vanadio promueve t&#233;rmicamente el movimiento de los v&#243;rtices de Abrikosov tipo panqueque bidimensionales &#40;2D&#41; correlacionados entre las capas de Cu<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O en el plano en la banda de cenefa&#44; la elasticidad del ret&#237;culo de v&#243;rtice&#44; la din&#225;mica de v&#243;rtice&#44; la distancia para los acoplamientos de Josephson entre capas y los centros de fijaci&#243;n de flujo&#46; Los c&#225;lculos te&#243;ricos confirman la notable degradaci&#243;n en la formaci&#243;n de superelectrones en el sistema cristalino Bi-2223&#46; Por lo tanto&#44; se prev&#233; que la adici&#243;n de vanadio sea uno de los mejores materiales seleccionables para examinar la diferenciaci&#243;n en el movimiento t&#233;rmico de los v&#243;rtices 2D pancake Abrikosov correlacionados en el sistema superconductor Bi-2223 a granel&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:14 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 4175
            "Ancho" => 2686
            "Tamanyo" => 674242
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Change in ln<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#961;</span>&#47;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#961;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">120K</span> over 1&#47;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span> &#40;K<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;1</span>&#41; curves of polycrystalline bulk Vanadium added Bi<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1&#46;8</span>Sr<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2&#46;0</span>Ca<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2&#46;2</span>Cu<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3&#46;0</span>V<span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><span class="elsevierStyleInf">x</span></span>O<span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><span class="elsevierStyleInf">y</span></span> superconducting materials&#46; Activation energy values for materials are inferred from slopes of linear parts in low magnetoresistivity regions at different external magnetic fields&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 584
            "Ancho" => 755
            "Tamanyo" => 55807
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Differentiation of flux pinning energy values for movement of correlated 2D Pancake Abrikosov vortices in crystal system with magnetic field strengths applied up to 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T&#46; &#40;Continuous lines guide to the eye&#44; and slopes are grounded on linear regression&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1037
            "Ancho" => 1341
            "Tamanyo" => 115755
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Variation in flux pinning energy values as a function of magnetic field strengths applied up to 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T for every material studied&#46; &#40;Continuous lines guide to the eye&#44; and slopes are grounded on linear regression&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 896
            "Ancho" => 2341
            "Tamanyo" => 166162
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Temperature-dependent &#40;a&#41; Irreversibility critical fields and &#40;b&#41; Upper critical fields&#46; &#40;Continuous lines guide to the eye&#44; and slopes are determined with regard to linear regression&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Materials&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Activation energies &#40;K&#41;</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">0&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#946;</span> values&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pure&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5132&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3808&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2667&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1623&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1201&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;492&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">V1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4265&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2832&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2148&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1370&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1061&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;422&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">V2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3011&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2047&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1614&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1117&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">955&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;332&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">V3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2422&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1687&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1330&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">946&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">819&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;314&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">V4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1154&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">627&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">511&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">387&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;269&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">V5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">716&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">334&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">142&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">V6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">498&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">219&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab3211309.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Flux pinning energy parameters for movement of correlated 2D Pancake Abrikosov vortices and applied magnetic field-dependent activation energy values for Bi<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1&#46;8</span>Sr<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2&#46;0</span>Ca<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2&#46;2</span>Cu<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3&#46;0</span>V<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span></span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">y</span></span> superconducting materials&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      5 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at2"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Compounds&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>1</span>&#40;0&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">irr</span></span>&#40;0&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>2</span>&#40;0&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span></span>&#40;0&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>3</span>&#40;0&#41; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#955;</span>&#40;0&#41; &#40;&#8491;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#958;</span>&#40;0&#41; &#40;&#8491;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#954;</span>&#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pure&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;3501&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">70&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">134&#46;68&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#46;87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">227&#46;61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21&#46;70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15&#46;65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">V1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;1776&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35&#46;51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">107&#46;60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;37&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">181&#46;85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30&#46;47&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17&#46;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">V2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;1048&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&#46;95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">45&#46;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">76&#46;29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">39&#46;67&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27&#46;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;47&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">V3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;0548&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#46;95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30&#46;91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">52&#46;24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">54&#46;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">32&#46;66&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;68&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">V4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;0191&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18&#46;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;59&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30&#46;78&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">92&#46;89&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">42&#46;55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">V5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;0080&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;59&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#46;74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&#46;46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">143&#46;98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">58&#46;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">V6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;0077&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;54&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#46;93&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#46;71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">146&#46;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">68&#46;97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab3211310.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Temperature-dependent thermodynamics and quantum mechanical quantities including <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">irr</span></span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>1</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span></span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>2</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#956;</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf">0</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">H</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span>3</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#955;</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#958;</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#954;</span> for every compound studied in this work&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      6 => array:6 [
        "identificador" => "eq0005"
        "etiqueta" => "&#40;1&#41;"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFORMULA"
        "mostrarFloat" => false
        "mostrarDisplay" => true
        "Formula" => array:5 [
          "Matematica" => "&#961;&#61;&#961;0exp&#8722;U0kBT"
          "Fichero" => "STRIPIN_si1.jpeg"
          "Tamanyo" => 1592
          "Alto" => 40
          "Ancho" => 127
        ]
      ]
      7 => array:6 [
        "identificador" => "eq0010"
        "etiqueta" => "&#40;2&#41;"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFORMULA"
        "mostrarFloat" => false
        "mostrarDisplay" => true
        "Formula" => array:5 [
          "Matematica" => "U&#40;&#181;0H&#41;&#8776;&#181;0H&#8722;&#946;"
          "Fichero" => "STRIPIN_si2.jpeg"
          "Tamanyo" => 1095
          "Alto" => 17
          "Ancho" => 109
        ]
      ]
      8 => array:6 [
        "identificador" => "eq0015"
        "etiqueta" => "&#40;3&#41;"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFORMULA"
        "mostrarFloat" => false
        "mostrarDisplay" => true
        "Formula" => array:5 [
          "Matematica" => "&#181;0Hirr&#8773;200&#215;&#181;0Hc1"
          "Fichero" => "STRIPIN_si4.jpeg"
          "Tamanyo" => 1332
          "Alto" => 13
          "Ancho" => 138
        ]
      ]
      9 => array:6 [
        "identificador" => "eq0020"
        "etiqueta" => "&#40;4&#41;"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFORMULA"
        "mostrarFloat" => false
        "mostrarDisplay" => true
        "Formula" => array:5 [
          "Matematica" => "&#956;0Hc1&#61;&#956;02Hc2&#956;0Hc2"
          "Fichero" => "STRIPIN_si5.jpeg"
          "Tamanyo" => 1390
          "Alto" => 36
          "Ancho" => 98
        ]
      ]
      10 => array:6 [
        "identificador" => "eq0025"
        "etiqueta" => "&#40;5&#41;"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFORMULA"
        "mostrarFloat" => false
        "mostrarDisplay" => true
        "Formula" => array:5 [
          "Matematica" => "&#961;&#40;&#956;0Hirr&#44;T&#41;&#61;0&#46;1&#8201;&#961;n&#8201;for&#8201;the&#8201;&#956;0Hirr&#40;T&#41;&#8201;and"
          "Fichero" => "STRIPIN_si6.jpeg"
          "Tamanyo" => 2440
          "Alto" => 16
          "Ancho" => 270
        ]
      ]
      11 => array:6 [
        "identificador" => "eq0030"
        "etiqueta" => "&#40;6&#41;"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFORMULA"
        "mostrarFloat" => false
        "mostrarDisplay" => true
        "Formula" => array:5 [
          "Matematica" => "&#961;&#40;&#956;0Hc2&#44;T&#41;&#61;0&#46;9&#8201;&#961;n&#8201;for&#8201;the&#8201;&#956;0Hc2&#40;T&#41;"
          "Fichero" => "STRIPIN_si7.jpeg"
          "Tamanyo" => 2196
          "Alto" => 16
          "Ancho" => 237
        ]
      ]
      12 => array:6 [
        "identificador" => "eq0035"
        "etiqueta" => "&#40;7&#41;"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFORMULA"
        "mostrarFloat" => false
        "mostrarDisplay" => true
        "Formula" => array:5 [
          "Matematica" => "&#958;&#40;T&#41;&#61;&#981;02&#960;&#956;0Hc2&#40;T&#41;1&#47;2"
          "Fichero" => "STRIPIN_si8.jpeg"
          "Tamanyo" => 1977
          "Alto" => 42
          "Ancho" => 156
        ]
      ]
      13 => array:6 [
        "identificador" => "eq0040"
        "etiqueta" => "&#40;8&#41;"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFORMULA"
        "mostrarFloat" => false
        "mostrarDisplay" => true
        "Formula" => array:5 [
          "Matematica" => "&#955;&#40;T&#41;&#61;&#981;02&#960;&#956;0Hirr&#40;T&#41;1&#47;2"
          "Fichero" => "STRIPIN_si9.jpeg"
          "Tamanyo" => 2049
          "Alto" => 42
          "Ancho" => 159
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:45 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0230"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;1&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "New high-Tc oxide superconductor without a rare earth element"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Maeda"
                            1 => "Y&#46; Tanaka"
                            2 => "M&#46; Fukutomi"
                            3 => "T&#46;A&#46; Asano"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Jpn&#46; J&#46; Appl&#46; Phys&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1988"
                        "volumen" => "27"
                        "numero" => "2A"
                        "paginaInicial" => "L209"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0235"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;2&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Superconductivity in the Bi&#8211;Sr&#8211;Cu&#8211;O system"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:7 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Michel"
                            1 => "M&#46; Hervieu"
                            2 => "M&#46;M&#46; Borel"
                            3 => "A&#46; Grandin"
                            4 => "F&#46; Deslandes"
                            5 => "J&#46; Provost"
                            6 => "B&#46; Raveau"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Z&#46; Phys&#46; B Con&#46; Mat&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1987"
                        "volumen" => "68"
                        "paginaInicial" => "421"
                        "paginaFinal" => "423"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0240"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;3&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "H&#46;G&#46; Von"
                            1 => "Schnering"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Angew&#46; Chem&#46; Int&#46; Ed&#46; Engl&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1988"
                        "volumen" => "27"
                        "paginaInicial" => "119881"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0245"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;4&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Structural and physical properties of Cd-doped Bi<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1&#46;64</span>Pb<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;36</span>Sr<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Ca<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span></span>Cd<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span></span>Cu<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">y</span></span> superconductor"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "S&#46;E&#46; Mousavi Ghahfarokhi"
                            1 => "M&#46; Zargar"
                            2 => "Shoushtari"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Phys&#46; B Condens&#46; Matter"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "405"
                        "paginaInicial" => "4643"
                        "paginaFinal" => "4649"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0250"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;5&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Application of high-pressure techniques&#58; stabilization and oxidation-state control of novel superconductive and related multi-layered copper oxides"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Yamauchi"
                            1 => "M&#46; Karppinen"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Supercond&#46; Sci&#46; Techol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                        "paginaInicial" => "R33"
                        "paginaFinal" => "R52"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0255"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;6&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Joining of Bi-2212 high-<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span></span> superconductors and metals using indium solders"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "S&#46;Y&#46; Oh"
                            1 => "H&#46;R&#46; Kim"
                            2 => "Y&#46;H&#46; Jeong"
                            3 => "O&#46;B&#46; Hyun"
                            4 => "C&#46;J&#46; Kim"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Physica C"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "463&#8211;465"
                        "paginaInicial" => "464"
                        "paginaFinal" => "467"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0260"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;7&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A novel research on the subject of the load-independent microhardness performances of Sr&#47;Ti partial displacement in Bi-2212 ceramics"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "Y&#46; Zalaoglu"
                            1 => "T&#46; Turgay"
                            2 => "A&#46;T&#46; Ulgen"
                            3 => "U&#46; Erdem"
                            4 => "M&#46;B&#46; Turkoz"
                            5 => "G&#46; Yildirim"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J&#46; Mater&#46; Sci&#58; Mater&#46; Electron&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "31"
                        "paginaInicial" => "22239"
                        "paginaFinal" => "22251"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0265"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;8&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "6&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>MVA resitive fault current limiter based on Bi-2212 superconductor"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:8 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Chen"
                            1 => "W&#46; Paul"
                            2 => "M&#46; Lakner"
                            3 => "L&#46; Donzel"
                            4 => "M&#46; Hoidis"
                            5 => "P&#46; Unternaehrer"
                            6 => "R&#46; Weder"
                            7 => "M&#46; Mendik"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Physica C"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "372"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1657"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1663"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0270"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;9&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "High-pressure synthesis of homologous series of high critical temperature &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c</span></span>&#41; superconductors"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "M&#46;E&#46; Takayama"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Chem&#46; Mater&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2686"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2698"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0275"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;10&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Role of trivalent Bi&#47;Tm partial substitution on active operable slip systems in Bi 2212 crystal structure"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "U&#46; Erdem"
                            1 => "Y&#46; Zalaoglu"
                            2 => "A&#46;T&#46; Ulgen"
                            3 => "T&#46; Turgay"
                            4 => "G&#46; Yildirim"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cryogenics"
                        "fecha" => "2021"
                        "volumen" => "113"
                        "paginaInicial" => "103212"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0280"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;11&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Introduction to High-temperature Superconductivity"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "T&#46;P&#46; Sheahen"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:4 [
                        "edicion" => "1st ed&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "editorial" => "Kluwer Academic Publishers"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "New York Boston"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0285"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;12&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "High-Temperature Superconductors"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "A&#46;K&#46; Saxena"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:4 [
                        "edicion" => "2nd ed&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "editorial" => "Springer Heidelberg"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "New York&#47;Dordrecht&#47;London"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0290"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;13&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Evaluation of crystallographic and electrical-superconducting features of Bi-2223 advanced ceramics with vanadium addition"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "B&#46; Akkurt"
                            1 => "U&#46; Erdem"
                            2 => "Y&#46; Zalaoglu"
                            3 => "A&#46;T&#46; Ulgen"
                            4 => "T&#46; Turgay"
                            5 => "G&#46; Yildirim"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s10854-021-05238-5"
                      "Revista" => array:2 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J&#46; Mater&#46; Sci&#46;&#58; Mater&#46; Electron&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2021"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0295"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;14&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effect of vanadium addition on fundamental electrical quantities of Bi-2223 crystal structure and semi-empirical model on structural disorders-defects"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "A&#46;T&#46; Ulgen"
                            1 => "U&#46; Erdem"
                            2 => "Y&#46; Zalaoglu"
                            3 => "T&#46; Turgay"
                            4 => "G&#46; Yildirim"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J&#46; Mater&#46; Sci&#46;&#58; Mater&#46; Electron&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "31"
                        "paginaInicial" => "13765"
                        "paginaFinal" => "13777"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0300"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;15&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Evaluation of Magneto-Resistivity Performances and Flux Pinning Centers with Vanadium Addition in Bi-2223 Main Matrix"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "M&#46;B&#46; Turkoz"
                            1 => "M&#46; Oz"
                            2 => "T&#46; Turgay"
                            3 => "G&#46; Yildirim"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:5 [
                        "edicion" => "1st ed&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "paginaInicial" => "139"
                        "paginaFinal" => "158"
                        "editorial" => "Gece Publishing"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0305"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;16&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "M&#46;V&#46; Feigelman"
                            1 => "V&#46;B&#46; Geshkenbein"
                            2 => "A&#46;I&#46; Larkin"
                            3 => "V&#46;M&#46; Vinokur"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1103/PhysRevLett.63.2303"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Phys&#46; Rev&#46; Lett&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1989"
                        "volumen" => "63"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2303"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2306"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10040852"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0310"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;17&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "M&#46;P&#46;A&#46; Fisher"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1103/PhysRevLett.62.1415"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Phys&#46; Rev&#46; Lett&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1989"
                        "volumen" => "62"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1415"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1418"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10039668"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0315"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;18&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The Physics of Superconductors&#58; Introduction to Fundamentals and Applications"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "V&#46;V&#46; Schmidt"
                            1 => "P&#46; Muller"
                            2 => "A&#46;V&#46; Ustinov"
                            3 => "I&#46;V&#46; Grigorieva"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:4 [
                        "edicion" => "1st ed&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "editorial" => "Springer"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Berlin"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0320"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;19&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Important defeats on pinning of 2D pancake vortices in highly anisotropic Bi-2212 superconducting matrix with homovalent Bi&#47;La substitution"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:7 [
                            0 => "Y&#46; Zalaoglu"
                            1 => "G&#46; Yildirim"
                            2 => "H&#46; Buyukuslu"
                            3 => "N&#46;K&#46; Saritekin"
                            4 => "A&#46; Varilci"
                            5 => "C&#46; Terzioglu"
                            6 => "O&#46; Gorur"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J&#46; Alloys Compd&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "631"
                        "paginaInicial" => "111"
                        "paginaFinal" => "119"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0325"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;20&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "J<span class="elsevierStyleInf">&#40;c&#41;</span>-B-T surface of high-J&#40;c&#41; Bi<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Sr<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>CaCu<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">8&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span></span>&#47;Ag tape"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:8 [
                            0 => "I&#46; Kusevic"
                            1 => "P&#46; Simundic"
                            2 => "E&#46; Babic"
                            3 => "J&#46; Ivkov"
                            4 => "Z&#46; Marohnic"
                            5 => "M&#46; Ionescu"
                            6 => "H&#46;K&#46; Lui"
                            7 => "S&#46;X&#46; Dou"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Supercond&#46; Sci&#46; Technol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "9"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1060"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1065"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0330"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;21&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Role of diffusion-annealing time on the superconducting&#44; microstructural and mechanical properties of Cu-diffused bulk MgB<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> superconductor"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:7 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Dogruer"
                            1 => "O&#46; Gorur"
                            2 => "Y&#46; Zalaoglu"
                            3 => "O&#46; Ozturk"
                            4 => "G&#46; Yildirim"
                            5 => "A&#46; Varilci"
                            6 => "C&#46; Terzioglu"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J&#46; Mater&#46; Sci&#46;&#58; Mater&#46; Electron&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "24"
                        "paginaInicial" => "352"
                        "paginaFinal" => "361"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0335"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;22&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Magnetoresistivity study on Cr added Bi-2212 superconductor ceramics with experimental and theoretical approaches"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "Y&#46; Zalaoglu"
                            1 => "G&#46; Yildirim"
                            2 => "C&#46; Terzioglu"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J&#46; Mater&#46; Sci&#46;&#58; Mater&#46; Electron&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "24"
                        "paginaInicial" => "239"
                        "paginaFinal" => "247"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0340"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;23&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Phase-slip analysis of the nonohmic transition in granular YBa<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Cu<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">6&#46;9</span>"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Gaffney"
                            1 => "H&#46; Petersen"
                            2 => "R&#46; Bednar"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Phys&#46; Rev&#46; B"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
                        "volumen" => "48"
                        "paginaInicial" => "3388"
                        "paginaFinal" => "3392"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0345"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;24&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Voltage due to thermal noise in the D<span class="elsevierStyleInf">c</span> Josephson effect"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "V&#46; Ambegaokar"
                            1 => "B&#46;I&#46; Halperin"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Phys&#46; Rev&#46; Lett&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1969"
                        "volumen" => "23"
                        "paginaInicial" => "274"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0350"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;25&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Magnetic transport properties and Hall effect in Gd<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span></span>Pr<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span></span>Ba<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Cu<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">7&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">y</span></span> system"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Khosroabadi"
                            1 => "V&#46; Daadmehr"
                            2 => "M&#46; Akhavan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Physica C"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "384"
                        "paginaInicial" => "169"
                        "paginaFinal" => "177"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0355"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;26&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Magnetoresistance in Gd&#40;Ba<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span></span>Pr<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span></span>&#41;Cu<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">7&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">y</span></span> system"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46;R&#46; Mohammadizadeh"
                            1 => "M&#46; Akhavan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Physica C"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "390"
                        "paginaInicial" => "134"
                        "paginaFinal" => "142"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0360"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;27&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Formation of artificial flux pinning centers in Bi-2223 cuprate superconductor with Ni impurities and enhanced resistant to thermal fluxon motions of correlated 2D pancake vortices in new matrix"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Yildirim"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J&#46; Alloys Compd&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2018"
                        "volumen" => "745"
                        "paginaInicial" => "100"
                        "paginaFinal" => "110"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0365"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;28&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "New theory of superconductivity&#46; method of equilibrium density matrix&#46; Magnetic field in superconductor"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "W&#46; Meissner"
                            1 => "R&#46; Ochsenfeld"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Naturwissenschaften"
                        "fecha" => "1933"
                        "volumen" => "21"
                        "paginaInicial" => "787"
                        "paginaFinal" => "788"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0370"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;29&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Special features of properties of the &#8220;Shubnikov phases&#8221;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "Y&#46;N&#46; Ovchinnikov"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Usp&#46; Fiz&#46; Nauk&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1982"
                        "volumen" => "137"
                        "paginaInicial" => "473"
                        "paginaFinal" => "478"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            29 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0375"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;30&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Ac losses and irreversibility line of Bi&#8211;&#40;Pb&#41;&#8211;Sr&#8211;Ca&#8211;Cu&#8211;O high-T-C superconductors"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Celebi"
                            1 => "S&#46; Nezir"
                            2 => "A&#46; Gencer"
                            3 => "E&#46; Yanmaz"
                            4 => "M&#46; Altunbas"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J&#46; Alloys Compd&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "255"
                        "paginaInicial" => "5"
                        "paginaFinal" => "10"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            30 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0380"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;31&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Flux pinning and irreversibility in YBa<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Cu<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">7</span> superconducting crystal"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "L&#46;T&#46; Sagdahl"
                            1 => "S&#46; Gjolmesli"
                            2 => "T&#46; Laegreid"
                            3 => "K&#46; Fossheim"
                            4 => "W&#46; Assmus"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1103/physrevb.42.6797"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Phys&#46; Rev&#46; B&#58; Condens&#46; Matter&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1990"
                        "volumen" => "42"
                        "paginaInicial" => "6797"
                        "paginaFinal" => "6800"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9994789"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            31 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0385"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;32&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Resistive transition of high-temperature superconductors"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Tinkham"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1103/PhysRevLett.61.1658"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Phys&#46; Rev&#46; Lett&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1988"
                        "volumen" => "61"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1658"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1661"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10038862"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            32 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0390"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;33&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Dissipative flux motion in high-temperature superconductors"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "T&#46;T&#46;M&#46; Palstra"
                            1 => "B&#46; Batlogg"
                            2 => "R&#46;B&#46; Van Dover"
                            3 => "L&#46;F&#46; Schneemeyer"
                            4 => "J&#46;V&#46; Waszczak"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1103/physrevb.41.6621"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Phys&#46; Rev&#46; B&#58; Condens&#46; Matter&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1990"
                        "volumen" => "41"
                        "paginaInicial" => "6621"
                        "paginaFinal" => "6632"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9992912"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            33 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0395"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;34&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "High temperature performance of Mgb2 powder-in-tube composite tapes"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Kitaguchi"
                            1 => "A&#46; Matsumoto"
                            2 => "H&#46; Hatakeyama"
                            3 => "H&#46; Kumakura"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Supercond&#46; Sci&#46; Technol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "17"
                        "paginaInicial" => "S486"
                        "paginaFinal" => "S489"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            34 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0400"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;35&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Study of MgO formation and structural defects in in-situ processed MgB2&#47;Fe wires"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "J&#46;H&#46; Kim"
                            1 => "S&#46;X&#46; Dou"
                            2 => "D&#46;Q&#46; Shi"
                            3 => "M&#46; Rindfleisch"
                            4 => "M&#46; Tomsic"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Supercond&#46; Sci&#46; Technol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "20"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1026"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1031"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            35 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0405"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;36&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "An intercomparison of the upper critical fields &#40;H<span class="elsevierStyleInf">c2</span>&#41; of different superconductors-YBa<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Cu<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">7</span>&#44; MgB<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#44; NdFeAsO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;8</span>F<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;2</span>&#44; FeSe<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;5</span> Te<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;5</span> and Nb<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>PdS<span class="elsevierStyleInf">5</span>"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Sultana"
                            1 => "P&#46; Rani"
                            2 => "A&#46;K&#46; Hafiz"
                            3 => "Reena Goyal"
                            4 => "V&#46;P&#46;S&#46; Awana"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J&#46; Supercond&#46; Nov&#46; Magn&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "29"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1399"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1404"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            36 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0410"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;37&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Enhanced critical parameters of nanocarbon doped MgB<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> superconductor"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Mudgel"
                            1 => "L&#46;S&#46; Sharath Chandra"
                            2 => "V&#46; Ganesan"
                            3 => "G&#46;L&#46; Bhalla"
                            4 => "H&#46; Kishan"
                            5 => "V&#46;P&#46;S&#46; Awana"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J&#46; Appl&#46; Phys&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "106"
                        "paginaInicial" => "033904"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            37 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0415"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;38&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Study of microstructure and magneto-transport properties in Bi<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleInf">6</span>Pb<span class="elsevierStyleInf">0&#46;4</span>Sr<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Ca<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span>Gd<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">x</span></span>Cu<span class="elsevierStyleInf">4</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#948;</span></span> superconducting systems"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Agil"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J&#46; Mater&#46; Sci&#58; Mater&#46; Electron&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2018"
                        "volumen" => "29"
                        "paginaInicial" => "16157"
                        "paginaFinal" => "16165"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            38 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0420"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;39&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Magnetoresistance irreversibility fields&#44; and critical currents of superconducting 2G tape"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "W&#46;M&#46; Woch"
                            1 => "M&#46; Kowalik"
                            2 => "M&#46; Giebu&#322;towski"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J&#46; Supercond&#46; Nov&#46; Magn&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "30"
                        "paginaInicial" => "569"
                        "paginaFinal" => "574"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            39 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0425"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;40&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "An innovative approach to fabricate MgB<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;Fe IMD wires by magnesium powder method"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Yeti&#351;"
                            1 => "D&#46; Avc&#305;"
                            2 => "F&#46; Karabo&#287;a"
                            3 => "D&#46; Gajda"
                            4 => "M&#46; Akdo&#287;an"
                            5 => "I&#46; Belenli"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Physica B"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "593"
                        "paginaInicial" => "412277"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            40 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0430"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;41&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Influence of coronene addition on some superconducting properties of bulk MgB<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "O&#46; Erdem"
                            1 => "G&#46; Kirat"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J&#46; Mater&#46; Sci&#58; Mater&#46; Electron&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2018"
                        "volumen" => "29"
                        "paginaInicial" => "17222"
                        "paginaFinal" => "17233"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            41 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0435"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;42&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Upper limit for the critical field in hard superconductors"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "A&#46;M&#46; Clogston"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Phys&#46; Rev&#46; Lett&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1962"
                        "volumen" => "9"
                        "paginaInicial" => "266"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            42 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0440"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;43&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effect of MgB2 addition on thermal fluxon motions of two-dimensional pancake vortices in Bi-2223 superconducting ceramic"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Dogruer"
                            1 => "C&#46; Terzioglu"
                            2 => "G&#46; Yildirim"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J&#46; Alloys Compd&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "15"
                        "paginaInicial" => "879"
                        "paginaFinal" => "886"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            43 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0445"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;44&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effect of rare-earth doping on the superconducting properties of MgB<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "N&#46; Ojha"
                            1 => "G&#46;D&#46; Varma"
                            2 => "H&#46;K&#46; Singh"
                            3 => "V&#46;P&#46;S&#46; Awana"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J&#46; Appl&#46; Phys&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "105"
                        "paginaInicial" => "07E315"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            44 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0450"
              "etiqueta" => "&#91;45&#93;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effect of zirconium diffusion on the microstructural and superconducting properties of YBa<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>Cu<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span>O<span class="elsevierStyleInf">7&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">y</span></span> superconductors"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:7 [
                            0 => "S&#46;B&#46; Guner"
                            1 => "O&#46; Gorur"
                            2 => "S&#46; Celik"
                            3 => "M&#46; Dogruer"
                            4 => "G&#46; Yildirim"
                            5 => "A&#46; Varilci"
                            6 => "C&#46; Terzioglu"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J&#46; Alloys Compd&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "540"
                        "paginaInicial" => "260"
                        "paginaFinal" => "266"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/03663175/0000006200000003/v2_202307101707/S0366317522000140/v2_202307101707/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => null
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/03663175/0000006200000003/v2_202307101707/S0366317522000140/v2_202307101707/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0366317522000140?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
]

Article information

ISSN: 03663175
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.bsecv.2022.02.006

The statistics are updated each day

Year/Month	Html	Pdf	Total

2024 November	2	0	2
2024 October	14	13	27
2024 September	9	9	18
2024 August	26	8	34
2024 July	12	2	14
2024 June	15	9	24
2024 May	11	14	25
2024 April	19	26	45
2024 March	26	19	45
2024 February	9	27	36
2024 January	16	7	23
2023 December	13	2	15
2023 November	14	5	19
2023 October	30	8	38
2023 September	20	2	22
2023 August	28	3	31
2023 July	10	2	12
2023 June	41	10	51
2023 May	21	3	24
2023 April	23	5	28
2023 March	0	6	6
2023 February	0	7	7
2023 January	0	8	8
2022 December	0	8	8
2022 November	0	7	7
2022 October	0	6	6
2022 September	0	8	8
2022 August	0	7	7
2022 July	0	26	26
2022 June	0	8	8
2022 May	0	17	17
2022 April	0	18	18
2022 March	0	10	10

Show all

Indexed in:

Follow us:

Statistics

Indexed in:

Follow us:

Statistics

Subscribe to our newsletter