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Inicio Cirugía Española (English Edition) Chronic Fistula After Laparoscopic Vertical Gastrectomy
Información de la revista
Vol. 92. Núm. 10.
Páginas 700-701 (diciembre 2014)
Vol. 92. Núm. 10.
Páginas 700-701 (diciembre 2014)
Letter to the Editor
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Chronic Fistula After Laparoscopic Vertical Gastrectomy
Fistula crónica tras gastrectomía vertical laparoscópica
Visitas
2850
Ramón Vilallongaa,b,
Autor para correspondencia
vilallongapuy@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, José Manuel Forta, Jacques Himpensb
a Endocrine, Metabolic and Bariatric Unit, General Surgery Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Center of Excellence for the EAC-BC, Barcelona, Spain
b Division of Bariatric Surgery, AZ St-Blasius, Dendermonde, Belgium
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Dear Editor

We have found interesting the recent article by Ferrer Márquez, in which the authors analyzed a patient with chronic fistula after vertical gastrectomy (VG) and a serious chronic postoperative leak.1 However, we would like to comment on other considerable treatment methods.

At our high-volume university bariatric center, the leak rate is 2.7% for primary VG and around 7% for corrective VG as a second procedure.2,3 We have made a special effort to implement a leak treatment algorithm based on our experience of more than 1100 cases, and we believe that leak treatment should be uniform and a combination of medical, radiological, endoscopic and surgical treatments. In our experience, we have obtained a primary cure rate of more than 85% of resistant leaks after VG, and almost 100% after surgical treatment.4

As described by Eisendrath et al., we believe that conservative medical/radiological treatment with drain placement and endoscopy should be the first step in the therapeutic algorithm. This method of treatment has successfully resolved 75% of leaks in these patients (overall success rate, including all patients, was 81%).5 Self-expanding stent placement is a good option for reducing the need for revision surgery and for improving patient results.6 Nonetheless, we have found no efficacy in using more than 2 attempts at stent placement. As for the radiological application of percutaneous glues, we have not found them to be useful, and the leak area can become even worse with their use as it can become a fibrous tissue that is difficult to heal. Thus, we believe that our success rate is related with the Roux-en-Y loop, which provides drainage proximal to the leak and resolves the eventual distal stenosis that favors chronic leakage.7

In our opinion, many medical and surgical modalities have been described for the treatment of stenosis after VG. These include observation, endoscopic dilation, seromyotomy and wedge resection of the stomach sleeve included in the stenosis.8

The placement of a Roux-en-Y loop above the VG defect can be useful. We believe that when a proximal leak has persisted for more than 4 months, a Roux-en-Y loop should be inserted laparoscopically above the defect.5 Baltasar et al. described the technique in open surgery.9 Careful, extensive dissection of the proximal stomach, hiatus and mediastinal esophagus is essential to safely debride the defect and offer tissue quality that provides safe and effective suture of the small bowel loop over the stomach.5 The conversion rate reaches 11.1% in some centers.10 This technique should only be done when systemic signs of infection have completely disappeared, which is generally at least 3 months after the initial process.2 Likewise, we do not believe that total gastrectomies are the only or best surgical option for managing leaks, as has been reported.2

We hope that these comments provide other relevant surgical options in addition to what was mentioned in the article by Ferrer Márquez et al.1

Conflict of Interests

The authors have no conflict of interests.

References
[1]
M. Ferrer Márquez, R. Belda Lozano, M.J. Solvas Salmerón, M. Ferrer Ayza.
Treatment of refractory chronic fistula following laparoscopic vertical gastrectomy.
[2]
R. Vilallonga, J. Himpens, S. van de Vrande.
Reply to the article Ben Yaacov A, Sadot E, Ben David M, Wasserberg N, Keidar A. Laparoscopic total gastrectomy with Roux-y esophagojejunostomy for chronic gastric fistula after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Obes Surg. 2014;24:425–9.
Obes Surg, (2014),
[3]
H. El Mourad, J. Himpens, J. Verhofstadt.
Stent treatment for fistula after obesity surgery: results in 47 consecutive patients.
Surg Endosc, 27 (2013), pp. 808-816
[4]
S. Van de Vrande, J. Himpens, H. El Mourad, R. Debaerdemaeker, G. Leman.
Management of chronic proximal fistulas after sleeve gastrectomy by laparoscopic Roux-limb placement.
Surg Obes Relat Dis, 9 (2013), pp. 856-861
[5]
P. Eisendrath, M. Cremer, J. Himpens, G.B. Cadière, O. Le Moine, J. Devière.
Endotherapy including temporary stenting of fistulas of the upper gastrointestinal tract after laparoscopic bariatric surgery.
Endoscopy, 39 (2007), pp. 625-630
[6]
S.R. Puli, I.S. Spofford, C.C. Thompson.
Use of self-expandable stents in the treatment of bariatric surgery leaks: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Gastrointest Endosc, 75 (2012), pp. 287-293
[7]
R. Vilallonga, S. van de Vrande, J. Himpens, G. Leman.
Reply to the article Moszkowicz Sleeve gastrectomy severe complications: is it always a reasonable surgical option?.
Obes Surg, 23 (2013), pp. 1675-1676
[8]
R. Vilallonga, J. Himpens, S. van de Vrande.
Laparoscopic management of persistent strictures after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.
Obes Surg, 23 (2013), pp. 1655-1661
[9]
C. Serra, A. Baltasar, N. Pérez, R. Bou, M. Bengochea.
Total gastrectomy for complications of the duodenal switch, with reversal.
Obes Surg, 16 (2006), pp. 1082-1086
[10]
E. Chouillard, E. Chahine, N. Schoucair, A. Younan, M.A. Jarallah, A. Fajardy, et al.
Roux-en-Y fistulo-jejunostomy as a salvage procedure in patients with post-sleeve gastrectomy fistula.
Surg Endosc, 28 (2014), pp. 1954-1960

Please cite this article as: Vilallonga R, Fort JM, Himpens J. Fistula crónica tras gastrectomía vertical laparoscópica. Cir Esp. 2014;92:700–701.

Copyright © 2014. AEC
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