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Vol. 73. Issue 4.
Pages 244-251 (April 2003)
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Vol. 73. Issue 4.
Pages 244-251 (April 2003)
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Bipartición hepática
Hepatic bipartition
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Emilio Vicentea,1
Corresponding author
emilvic@bitmailer.net

Correspondencia: Dr. E. Vicente. Unidad de Trasplante Hepato-Intestinal. Hospital Ramón y Cajal. Ctra. Colmenar, Km 9,100. 28034 Madrid. España.
, Manuel López-Santamaríab, Javier Nuñoa, Manuel Gámezb, Javier Murciab, Yolanda Quijanoa, Pedro López-Hervása, José A. Tovarb, Paloma Jarab, Esteban Fraucb, Alberto Honrubiaa, Gemma Mongea, Rafael Bárcenaa, Miguel Garcíaa, Adolfo Martíneza, Arancha Puentea, Ana Domíngueza, Gustavo Zarzosaa
a Departamento de Cirugía General y Digestiva. Unidad de Trasplante Hepato-Intestinal. Hospital Ramón y Cajal. Universidad de Alcalá de Henares
b Departamento de Cirugía Pediátrica. Unidad de Trasplante Hepato-Intestinal. Hospital Infantil La Paz. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid. España
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Resumen

La bipartición hepática representa en la actualidad un procedimiento de elección para el trasplante hepático de donante cadáver. La escasez del número de donantes existentes y el constante incremento en el número de receptores avalan este hecho. La realización de este procedimiento obliga a un riguroso protocolo de selección del donante, a una cuidadosa logística en la donación con el objetivo de no prolongar los tiempos de isquemia y al establecimiento de un consenso entre los dos equipos que van a realizar los dos implantes, a efectos de atender sus necesidades en función de la situación del receptor y las características anatómicas, y poder realizar una lógica repartición de los pedículos vasculobiliares. Dos procedimientos técnicos han sido descritos: procedimiento ex vivo e in situ. Este último está asociado con una menor incidencia de complicaciones quirúrgicas, hemorragia postoperatoria, trombosis de las reconstrucciones vasculares realizadas, complicaciones biliares y necrosis de áreas hepáticas. Si bien la bipartición hepática para un receptor adulto y otro pediátrico está claramente justificada, más dificultades existen para su realización con dos receptores adultos. Sólo debe plantearse ser efectuado con dos adultos de bajo peso, en donde el volumen hepático a implantar sea el adecuado. Los resultados obtenidos con la bipartición hepática confirman el gran beneficio para los programas pediátricos en función de la reducción de su lista de espera y las mínimas consecuencias en términos de complicaciones postoperatorias o pérdidas de injertos para los programas de adultos.

Palabras clave:
Trasplante hepático
Trasplante hepático reducido
BIpartición hepática
Trasplante hepático partido

Hepatic bipartition currently represents a treatment of choice for liver transplantation from cadaveric donors. This is supported by the scarcity of donors and the constant increase in the number of recipients. This procedure requires a rigorous protocol for donor selection and careful logistics during donation to prevent prolonged times of ischemia. Consensus between the two teams performing the transplantations is also required to meet their needs according to the recipients’ status and anatomical characteristics and to be able to perform a logical division of the vascular- biliary pedicles. Two technical procedures have been described: ex vivo and in situ procedures. The latter is associated with a lower incidence of surgical complications, postoperative hemorrhage, thrombosis of the vascular reconstructions performed, biliary complications, and necrosis of the hepatic areas. Although hepatic bipartition for one adult and one pediatric recipient is clearly justified, the difficulties are greater when both receptors are adults. Only when both adults are of low body weight and the hepatic volume to be implanted is sufficient should the procedure be performed. The results obtained with hepatic bipartition confirm its great benefits in pediatric programs in terms of reduced waiting lists and its scarce repercussions in terms of postoperative complications and graft loss in adult programs.

Key words:
Liver transplantation
Reduced liver transplantation
Liver bipartition
Split liver transplantation
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Estudio financiado por la Foundation for Liver Transplantation Development.

Copyright © 2003. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
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