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Vol. 73. Issue 1.
Pages 30-32 (January 2003)
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Vol. 73. Issue 1.
Pages 30-32 (January 2003)
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Cáncer colorrectal complicado
Complicated colorectal cancer
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Sebastiano Biondo1
Corresponding author
sbiondo@scs.es

Correspondencia: Dr. S. Biondo. Unidad de Cirugía Colorrectal. Servicio de Cirugía General. Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge. Feixa Llarga, s/n. 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona. España.
, Juan Martí-Ragué
Unidad de Cirugía Colorrectal. Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestiva. Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge. L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona. España.
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Resumen

El cáncer colorrectal es una de las neoplasias malignas con más incidencia en el mundo occidental. La obstrucción y la perforación siguen siendo sus complicaciones más frecuentes y están relacionadas con una alta morbilidad y mortalidad. Las neoplasias ocluidas y perforadas de colon suelen tener peor pronóstico que las intervenidas de forma electiva, probablemente debido a la mayor agresividad de los tumores complicados. El riesgo de oclusión puede variar con relación a la localización del tumor. Alrededor del 50% de los tumores de ángulo esplénico y el 25% de los tumores de colon izquierdo se ocluyen. La perforación neoplásica de intestino grueso representa la segunda complicación más frecuente del cáncer colorrectal. Las opciones terapéuticas urgentes en la neoplasia complicada de colon izquierdo han sido y son motivo de discusión. Recientemente se ha visto un interés creciente hacia la resección y anastomosis primaria en urgencias en pacientes seleccionados.

El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una revisión de conjunto sobre el estado actual de la oclusión y perforación por neoplasia de colon complicada, su incidencia, y sobre las controversias relacionadas con el abordaje quirúrgico urgente.

Palabras clave::
Neoplasia de colon complicada
Oclusión
Perforación
Tratamiento quirúrgico

Colorrectal cancer is one of the most common tumours in western countries. Obstruction and perforation, the most frequent complications, still have a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Patients presenting with obstruction or perforated colonic cancer have a worse prognosis than those undergoing elective surgery, may be due to the more aggressive nature of complicated tumours. The risk of obstruction varies depending on the tumour site. Almost 50% of tumours of the splenic flexure and 25% of those of the left colon present with obstruction. Large bowel perforation represents the second most frequent complication of colorectal cancer. The optimal surgical approach to complicated left colonic disease remains controversial. The trend towards resection and primary anastomosis in complicated and selected patients is supported by recent reviews.

The aim of this study is to carry out a review about the current status of obstruction and perforation of colonic cancer, its incidence and the actual controversies of emergency surgical treatment.

Key words::
Complicated colonic cancer
Obstruction
Perforation
Surgical management
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Copyright © 2003. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
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