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Vol. 76. Issue 4.
Pages 245-251 (October 2004)
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Vol. 76. Issue 4.
Pages 245-251 (October 2004)
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Cirugía toracoscópica videoasistida en el tratamiento del neumotórax espontáneo idiopático
Video-assisted thorascopic surgery for spontaneous idiopathic pneumothorax
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Rafael Ferrer-Riquelme1
Corresponding author
965255244@terra.es

Correspondencia: Gran Vía Pintor Xavier Soler, 7, Torre D, 6.o A. 03015 Alicante. España.
, David Costa-Navarro, Antonio Arroyo-Sebastián, Pilar Serrano-Paz, Ana Fernández-Frías, Ana Sánchez-Romero, Pilar Cansado-Martínez, Belén Merck-Navarro, Andrés Tomás-Gómez, José Rodríguez-Hidalgo, Rafael Calpena-Rico
Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo. Hospital General de Elche. Elche. Alicante. España
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Resumen
Objetivo

Evaluar los resultados inmediatos de la toracoscopia videoasistida para el tratamiento del neumotórax espontáneo primario y su resultado a largo plazo.

Pacientes y método

Se realiza un estudio retrospectivo con un seguimiento a largo plazo en el que se incluyó a 88 pacientes consecutivos que fueron intervenidos mediante toracoscopia videoasistida por neumotórax espontáneo primario desde enero de 1994 hasta junio de 2002 en el Servicio de Cirugía General de Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante. Se realizó resección del parénquima pulmonar mediante endograpadora lineal. La pleurodesis se llevó a cabo mediante pleurectomía apical o abrasión mecánica.

Resultados

El tiempo operatorio disminuyó significativamente con la experiencia. Se resecaron bullas apicales (n = 75) o parénquima pulmonar apical sin identificar bullas (n = 25). En 2 casos fue necesaria la conversión a toracotomía. No se registró mortalidad perioperatoria. La estancia postoperatoria media fue de 5,7 días. Con la experiencia media actual de 4,25 años, solamente un caso requirió reintervención para abordar un fallo de tratamiento tras 30 días de la toracoscopia videoasistida: un caso de fuga aérea persistente de más de 7 días que fue tratada mediante una minitoracotomía lateral. Tras un seguimiento medio de 54 meses (rango, 6-107 meses) se registraron 4 recidivas (4%), que fueron tratadas con drenaje pleural (n = 3) o reposo (n = 1), sin que en ningún caso se precisara una reintervención. Todas las recurrencias aparecieron en el primer año de seguimiento postoperatorio.

Conclusión

La cirugía mediante toracoscopia videoasistida es un método seguro y efectivo de tratamiento del neumotórax espontáneo primario. Las tasas de recidiva a largo plazo son aceptables y similares a los resultados de la toracotomía abierta. El seguimiento a largo plazo no aumentó las tasas de recidiva.

Palabras clave:
Neumotórax espontáneo primario
Cirugía toracoscópica
Seguimiento a largo plazo
Objective

To evaluate the immediate results of video- assisted thoracoscopic surgery for first-time and recurrent primary spontaneous pneumothorax and longterm outcomes.

Patients and method

We performed a retrospective study with long-term follow up. Eighty-eight consecutive patients who underwent thoracoscopy for 100 cases of primary spontaneous pneumothorax from January 1994 to June 2002 in the Elche General Hospital, in Alicante (Spain) were included. Lung parenchymal resections were made by means of endoscopic linear staple-cutters. Pleurodesis was achieved by apical pleurectomy or gauze abrasion.

Results

Operating time decreased significantly with experience. Pleural apical bullae (n = 75) or a small portion of the apical upper lobe where no blebs were identified (n = 25) were resected. Two patients required conversion to thoracotomy. There was no perioperative mortality. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 5.7 days. At a current mean experience of 4.25 years, only one case has required reoperation due to treatment failure within 30 days of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (a persistent air leak treated by lateral limited thoracotomy). After a mean follow- up of 54 months (range 6-107 months), there were 4 recurrences (4%) treated with pleural drainage (n = 3) or rest (n = 1), none of which required reoperation. All the recurrences occurred within the first postoperative year.

Conclusion

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery is a safe and effective approach in the treatment of first-time and recurrent primary spontaneous pneumothorax. Long-term recurrence rates are acceptable and similar to results after open thoracotomy. Longterm follow-up did not increase the rate of recurrence.

Key words:
Primary spontaneous pneumothorax
Thoracoscopic surgery
Long-term follow-up
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Copyright © 2004. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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