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Inicio Cirugía Española Diagnóstico y tratamiento de las fístulas anorrectales complejas
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Vol. 76. Issue 3.
Pages 142-148 (September 2004)
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Vol. 76. Issue 3.
Pages 142-148 (September 2004)
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Diagnóstico y tratamiento de las fístulas anorrectales complejas
Diagnosis and treatment of complex anorectal fistulas
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31878
Albert Navarro1
Corresponding author
a.navarro.l@telefonica.net

Correspondencia: Unidad de Coloproctología. Departamento de Cirugía General. Hospital Mútua de Terrassa. Plaza Dr. Robert, 5. 08221 Terrassa (Barcelona). España.
, Marc Martí, María Isabel García-Domingo, Rafael Gómez, Constancio Marco
Unidad de Coloproctología. Hospital Mútua de Terrassa. Terrassa (Barcelona). España
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Resumen

La fístula de ano (FA) es una entidad con una alta incidencia. La mayoría es simple y su tratamiento quirúrgico altamente resolutivo. Sin embargo, hay un grupo de fístulas con unas características que las convierten en complejas, tanto desde el punto de vista de su diagnóstico como de su tratamiento.

Se revisa la metodología de estudio y tratamiento de las FA complejas y se analizan los métodos diagnósticos, entre los que destacan la utilidad de la anamnesis y exploración física, y las dos principales técnicas de imagen: la ecografía endorrectal y la resonancia magnética. A continuación se detallan las diferentes técnicas potencialmente utilizables en el tratamiento de la fístula compleja, haciendo especial hincapié en la puesta a plano, el colgajo endorrectal de avance, y la utilización de sedales y cola de fibrina.

Se expone el algoritmo terapéutico utilizado por los autores en el tratamiento de las fístulas anales complejas

Palabras clave:
Fístula anal compleja
Incontinencia
Recidivada
Ecografía endoanal
Resonancia magnética pélvica

The incidence of anal fistula is high. Most anal fistulas are simple and surgical treatment has a high success rate. However, because of their characteristics, the diagnosis and treatment of some fistulas is complex.

The methodology of the study and treatment of complex anal fistulas is reviewed. Diagnostic methods are analyzed, especially the utility of history-taking and physical examination, and the two main imaging techniques, endorectal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging. The various techniques that could potentially be used in the treatment of complex fistulas are also described with special emphasis on the lay open technique, endorectal advancement flap, and the use of setons and fibrin glue.

The therapeutic algorithm used by the authors in the treatment of complex anal fistulas is described.

Key words:
Complex anal fistula
Incontinence
Recurrence
Endoanal ultrasonography
Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging
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Copyright © 2004. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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