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Inicio Cirugía Española Experiencia con el trasplante hepático split en el Hospital Vall d’Hebron
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Vol. 71. Issue 3.
Pages 121-128 (March 2002)
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Vol. 71. Issue 3.
Pages 121-128 (March 2002)
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Experiencia con el trasplante hepático split en el Hospital Vall d’Hebron
Experience with split liver transplantation in vall hebron hospital
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C. Margarit
Corresponding author
margarit@hg.vhebron.es

Dr. C. Margarit. Unidad de Cirugía HBP y Trasplante Hepático. Hospital General Vall d’Hebron. P.° Vall d’Hebron, 119. 08035 Barcelona
, R. Charco, M. Asensio, R. Chávez, I. Bilbao, E. Hidalgo
Unidad de Trasplante Hepático. Hospital Vall d’Hebron. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. España
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Introducción

El objetivo es exponer nuestra experiencia con la técnica de partición del injerto hepático o trasplante hepático split para trasplantar a un adulto y un niño

Métodos

Desde octubre de 1992 a noviembre de 2001, hemos realizado 11 particiones hepáticas y se ha trasplantado a 22 pacientes, 11 adultos y 11 niños. La partición hepática se realizó ex situ en todos los casos menos en uno, en que se realizó una técnica mixta. La partición se realizó en la línea media en 3 casos, y a la derecha del ligamento falciforme en 8 ocasiones, dependiendo del tamaño del receptor pediátrico

Resultados

1) Receptores pediátricos: la edad media fue de 3,4 años y el peso medio de 13 kg. En 5 casos se solicitó un hígado en urgencia 0 por: hepatitis fulminante (n = 2), retrasplante urgente (n = 2) y enfermedad de Byler (n = 1). Seis casos presentaban atresias de las vías biliares. La mortalidad postoperatoria fue de 5 casos, 4 urgentes y uno electivo. Las causas fueron: fallo multiorgánico (FMO) perioperatorio en 3 pacientes trasplantados en situación de extrema gravedad, una hemorragia cerebral a los 2 días de retirar un sensor de presión intracraneal y un FMO a los 5 días secundario a una trombosis portal y hemorragia. Los 6 pacientes restantes fueron dados de alta y están vivos en la actualidad. Las complicaciones técnicas fueron una trombosis portal y 3 complicaciones biliares. 2) Receptores adultos: la edad media fue de 53 años, 6 pacientes presentaban un hepatocarcinoma, 5 sobre cirrosis y uno fibrolamelar, 4 eran cirróticos de distintas etiologías y otro presentaba un retrasplante por recurrencia del virus C. Todos eran casos electivos, aunque el 45% eran Child C. La mortalidad postoperatoria fue de 2 casos, por shock irreversible después de un retrasplante por fallo primario del injerto split y por sepsis a los 55 días después de presentar ascitis rebelde e insuficiencia renal. Las complicaciones técnicas fueron una trombosis parcial de la vena porta y 4 complicaciones biliares. La supervivencia al año fue del 83%

Conclusión

El trasplante hepático split ha permitido trasplantar a 6 niños y 5 adultos más en nuestro programa. Los resultados en los casos electivos (6 niños y los 11 adultos) han sido buenos, con una supervivencia al año del 82%, mientras que en los casos urgentes en niños los resultados han sido malos con una supervivencia del 20% debido a la situación de extrema gravedad de los pacientes

Palabras clave:
Trasplante hepático split
Hepatitis fulminante
Atresia vías biliares
Complicaciones biliares
Introduction

We report our experience with the split liver technique in adults and children

Methods

From October 1992 to November 2001, we performed 11 liver splittings and transplanted 22 patients, 11 adults and 11 children. Liver splitting was performed ex situ in all patients except one in whom a mixed technique was used. Splitting was performed in the mid-line on three occasions and to the right of the falciform ligament on eight occasions, depending on the size of the pediatric recipient

Results

1) Pediatric recipients. The mean age was 3.4 years and mean weight was 13 kg. Five patients required livers urgently for fulminant hepatitis (n = 2), urgent retransplantation (n = 2) and Byler’s disease (n = 1). Six patients had biliary atresia. Five patients, four who underwent emergency surgery and one who underwent elective surgery, died in the postoperative period. The causes were perioperative multiorgan failure in three patients who underwent transplantation in a critical condition, cerebral hemorrhage in one patient who died at day 2 on withdrawal of the intracranial pressure sensor, and multiorgan failure secondary to portal thrombosis and hemorrhage in one patient. The remaining six patients were discharged and are currently alive. Technical complications consisted of portal thrombosis in one patient and biliary complications in three patients. 2) Adult recipients. The mean age was 53 years. Six patients presented hepatocarcinoma; five had liver cirrhosis and one had fibrolamellar liver cell carcinoma. Four patients had liver cirrhosis of different etiology and one had undergone retransplantation due to hepatitis C recurrence. In all patients surgery was elective although 45% were Child class C. Two patients died in the postoperative period; one from irreversible shock following retransplantation due to primary failure of the split graft and the other from sepsis 55 days after presenting refractory ascites and renal insufficiency. Technical complications consisted of one partial thrombosis of the portal vein and four biliary complications. One-year survival was 83%

Conclusions

In our program, split liver transplantation enabled a further six children and five adults to undergo transplantation. The results in patients undergoing elective surgery (six children and 11 adults) were good with a 1-year survival of 82%. The results of emergency surgery in children were poor with a survival of 20% due to the seriousness of the patients’ condition

Key words:
Split liver transplantation
Fulminant hepatitis
Biliary atresia
Biliary complications
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Copyright © 2002. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
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