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Inicio Cirugía Española Hemobilia secundaria a drenaje biliar percutáneo: características clínicas, d...
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Vol. 73. Issue 4.
Pages 258-260 (April 2003)
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Vol. 73. Issue 4.
Pages 258-260 (April 2003)
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Hemobilia secundaria a drenaje biliar percutáneo: características clínicas, diagnóstico y enfoque terapéutico
Hemobilia secondary to percutaneous biliary drainage: Clinical characteristics, diagnosis and therapeutic approach
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Alfonso Serraltaa, Rafael López-Andújara, Fernando Sanjuanaa, Hortensia Montesb, Daniel Pérez-Enguixb, Francisco Orbisaa, Ángel Moyaa, Juan Luis Longaresb, Manuel de Juanaa, José Mira1,a
a Unidad de Cirugía y Trasplante Hepático
b Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico. Sección de Radiología Vascular Intervencionista.Hospital Universitario La Fe. Valencia. España
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Resumen
Introducción

La utilización de drenajes biliares transparietohepáticos (DBP) no está exenta de complicaciones, entre las que se encuentra la hemobilia. La clínica de hemobilia puede variar desde síntomas de hemorragia digestiva alta, colagitis y pancreatitis hasta iniciarse de forma catastrófica como hemobilia masiva.

Caso clínico 1

Paciente con ictericia obstructiva iatrógena. DBP que produce hemorragia externa e interna y que se convierte en masiva al retirar el catéter. Control de la hemorragia mediante arteriografía y embolización selectiva del punto sangrante.

Caso clínico 2

Paciente con colangiocarcinoma hiliar portador de DBP. Trisegmentectomía hepática derecha y hepatoyeyunostomía, manteniendo el drenaje en su interior. Hemobilia masiva al retirar el catéter de drenaje el octavo día postoperatorio. Diagnóstico radiológico del punto sangrante y control mediante embolización selectiva.

Conclusiones

La presentación de hemobilia como crisis repetidas de colangitis o pancreatitis sin signos de hemorragia digestiva alta es de difícil diagnóstico, debiéndose tener en cuenta su posibilidad en el diagnóstico diferencial en todo paciente portador o con antecedentes de DBP. La retirada de DBP debe realizarse siempre en el ámbito hospitalario y con especial atención a la evolución clínica del paciente tras la retirada. La angiografía con embolización es un método eficaz en el control de la hemobilia por DBP en un alto porcentaje de casos.

Palabras clave:
Hemobilia
Drenaje biliar
Embolizacióntranscatéter
Introduction

The use of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage is not free of complications, among them hemobilia. The clinical features of hemobilia range from symptoms of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, cholangitis, and pancreatitis to catastrophic first presentation as massive hemobilia.

Case 1

A patient with iatrogenic obstructive jaundice. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage provoked external and internal bleeding that became massive on catheter withdrawal. Bleeding was controlled by arteriography and selective embolization of the source of bleeding.

Case 2

A patient with hilar cholangiocarcinoma and an indwelling drainage catheter. Right hepatic trisegmentectomy and hepatic jejunostomy were performed and the drain remained in place. Withdrawal of the drainage catheter 8 days after surgery provoked a massive hemorrhage. The source of bleeding was identified radiologically and was controlled by selective embolization.

Conclusions

Presentation of hemobilia as a recurrent crisis of cholangitis or pancreatitis without signs of upper digestive hemorrhage is difficult to diagnose and should be borne in mind in the differential diagnosis of all patients with a history of percutaneous transhepatic drainage or indwelling catheter. Catheter withdrawal should always be performed in the hospital setting and special attention should be paid to the patient‘s clinical course after withdrawal. In a high percentage of patients, angiography with embolization is an effective method in controlling hemobilia induced by percutaneous transhepatic drainage.

Key words:
Hemobilia
Biliary drainage
Transcatheter embolization
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Este trabajo ha sido parcialmente presentado en el XXIV Congreso Nacional de Cirugía de la Asociación Española de Cirujanos.

Copyright © 2003. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
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