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Inicio Cirugía Española Quimioprofilaxis en cirugía: problemas y soluciones en su cumplimiento
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Vol. 71. Issue 2.
Pages 96-101 (February 2002)
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Vol. 71. Issue 2.
Pages 96-101 (February 2002)
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Quimioprofilaxis en cirugía: problemas y soluciones en su cumplimiento
Chemoprophylaxis in surgery: Problems and solutions in its performance
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4855
M. Delgado Rodríguez1
Corresponding author
mdelgado@ujaen.es

Correspondencia: Prof. Dr. M. Delgado Rodríguez. Cátedra de Medicina Preventiva. Edificio B-3. 23071 Jaén.
Catedrático de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Universidad de Jaén
G. Martínez Gallego*, A. Gómez Ortega*, M. Medina Cuadros*
* Servicio de Cirugía General. Hospital Ciudad de Jaén
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Resumen

Desde hace 20 años los principios de la profilaxis antibiótica permanecen vigentes. No obstante, con una gran frecuencia en todos los países, desarrollados o no, se documenta que su incumplimiento es una práctica habitual en cirugía. Los estudios que han abordado el estudio de los determinantes de cumplimiento son escasos. Aunque la información es insuficiente, se ha establecido una serie de factores que pueden influir. Dentro de los factores relacionados con el paciente se encuentran el sexo, el grado de contaminación y la duración de la cirugía, si la cirugía es de urgencia o programada, el momento del día en que se realiza la cirugía, el nivel ASA y la enfermedad subyacente. Dentro de los factores dependientes del cirujano pueden influir el dogmatismo, nihilismo, arrogancia, miedo al fracaso, mercadotecnia de las casas comerciales, sensación de seguridad, falta de formación científica, no diferenciar profilaxis de tratamiento, no diferenciar inflamación de infección, trabajar o no en un hospital docente y la comprobación de que la alteración de la profilaxis recomendada no aumenta el riesgo de infección. Para conseguir que se cumplan las normas de profilaxis antibiótica se sugiere una serie de soluciones, que van desde la evaluación del grado de cumplimiento hasta el aumento de la formación científica, especialmente en la residencia donde el futuro cirujano es más moldeable y adopta las prácticas de sus tutores

Palabras clave:
Profilaxis antibiótica
Infección nosocomial
Frecuencia
Cumplimiento

Since twenty years ago the principles of adequate antibiotic prophylaxis are well established. Nevertheless, a review of medical literature can document that in every country, either developed or not, its inadequate use is very frequent. The studies analyzing the determinants of inadequate use are scarce. Despite this scarcity of data several variables have been identified. Regarding the variables related to patients’ characteristics the next ones influence inadequate use: sex, type of surgical wound, duration of surgery, emergency surgery, time (within the day) of operation, ASA score, and the underlying disease; as regards the variables related to the surgeon the following influence the correct use: dogmatism, nihilism, arrogance, fear to fail, marketing of antibiotics, safety sensation, lack of scientific knowledge, fail in differentiating prophylaxis of treatment and inflammation of infection, to work in a teaching hospital, and the ascertainment that inadequate use does not increase risk of nosocomial infection. Several measures are proposed to improve the adequate use of antibiotic prophylaxis, from the assessment of degree of adherence to the correct principles to the improvement in the knowledge of scientific method, mainly during residency where the future surgeon is more likely to change his attitudes and practices and to adopt the habits of his tutors

Key words:
Antibiotic prophylaxys
Cross infection
Frecuency
Adherence
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