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Vol. 76. Issue 5.
Pages 292-299 (November 2004)
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Vol. 76. Issue 5.
Pages 292-299 (November 2004)
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Resección quirúrgica de las metástasis hepáticas de carcinoma colorrectal. Tratamiento de las recidivas
Surgical resection of colorectal liver metastases. Treatment of recurrences
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Juan Figuerasa,1
Corresponding author
jfigueras@csub.scs.es

Correspondencia: Dr. J. Figueras Felip. Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestiva. Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge. Feixa llarga, s/n. 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona. España.
, Jaume Torrasa, Juan Martí-Raguea, Carlos Vallsb, Emilio Ramosa, Matilde Navarroc, Antonio Rafecasa, Laura Lladóa, Teresa Serranod, David Paresa, Juan Fabregata
a Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestiva. Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge. Universitat de Barcelona. L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona.
b Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge. Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge. Universitat de Barcelona. L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona.
c Institut Català d’Oncologia. Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge. Universitat de Barcelona. L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona.
d Servicio de Anatomía Patológica. Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge. Universitat de Barcelona. L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona. España.
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Article information
Resumen
Introducción

La cirugía es el mejor tratamiento para las metástasis hepáticas del cáncer colorrectal. Sin embargo, la mitad de los pacientes presentará una recidiva.

Objetivos

Analizar la supervivencia del tratamiento quirúrgico de las recidivas tras el seguimiento intencionado de los pacientes operados de metástasis hepáticas del cáncer colorrectal.

Material y métodos

Desde 1991 hasta 2002 hemos practicado 394 hepatectomías por metástasis hepáticas del cáncer colorrectal en 368 pacientes. El número, el tamaño y la invasión locorregional no se consideraron criterios de exclusión. En 26 pacientes se llevó a cabo una segunda resección y en 33 se realizó destrucción por radiofrecuencia de las metástasis hepáticas. Treinta enfermos fueron intervenidos de metástasis pulmonares.

Resultados

La mortalidad postoperatoria fue del 3%. La supervivencia actuarial a los 1, 3 y 5 años fue del 89, el 61 y el 40%, respectivamente. En el análisis multivariante, el valor de antígeno carcinoembrionario preoperatorio mayor de 50 ng/ml, la presencia de 4 o más metástasis hepáticas, la presentación sincrónica, la enfermedad extrahepática y la invasión del margen fueron factores predictivos de mortalidad independientes. La quimioterapia adyuvante mejoró significativamente la supervivencia. La supervivencia a 5 años de los pacientes operados de una recidiva hepática fue del 38%, mientras que la del tratamiento con radiofrecuencia fue del 48% a los 3 años. La supervivencia tras la resección de metástasis pulmonares fue del 49% a los 4 años.

Conclusiones

El tratamiento quirúrgico de las metástasis hepáticas del cáncer colorrectal, junto con un seguimiento intencionado y un tratamiento mediante cirugía o radiofrecuencia de las recidivas hepáticas, pulmonares y locorregionales, permite alcanzar una supervivencia excelente a largo plazo.

Palabras clave:
Hepatectomía
Metástasis
Carcinoma colorrectal
Supervivencia
Quimioterapia
Radiofrecuencia
Introduction

The optimal treatment for hepatic metastases (HM) from colorectal cancer (CRC) is surgery. However, half of all patients will present tumor recurrence after surgical resection.

Objectives

To establish the efficacy of treatment of recurrence after surgical resection of HM from CRC based on the results of survival.

Material and methods

From 1991 to 2002, we performed 394 hepatectomies in 368 patients for metastases from colorectal carcinoma. Neither number, size of the metastases nor locoregional invasion was considered to be exclusion criteria. In 26 patients a second hepatic resection was performed and 33 patients underwent thermal ablation with radiofrequency. In 30 patients surgical resection of pulmonary metastases was also performed.

Results

Postoperative mortality was 3%. Actuarial survival at 1, 3 and 5 years was 89%, 61% and 40% respectively. In the multivariate analysis independent factors of mortality were carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels > 50 ng/ml, the presence of four or more metastases, synchronous presentation, extrahepatic disease, and invasion of the resection margin. Adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved survival. Five-year survival after surgical resection among patients with hepatic recurrence was 38%, while survival after thermal ablation of liver recurrences was 48% at 3 years. The 4-year survival rate of patients with surgical resection of pulmonary metastases was 49%.

Conclusions

Resection of colorectal metastases associated with systematic follow-up, and surgical rescue of hepatic, pulmonary and locoregional recurrences with curative intent achieves excellent longterm survival.

Key words:
Hepatectomy
Metastases
Colorectal carcinoma
Survival
Chemotherapy
Radiofrequency
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