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Inicio Cirugía Española Respuesta inflamatoria postoperatoria, angiogénesis y crecimiento tumoral: estu...
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Vol. 76. Issue 5.
Pages 300-306 (November 2004)
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Vol. 76. Issue 5.
Pages 300-306 (November 2004)
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Respuesta inflamatoria postoperatoria, angiogénesis y crecimiento tumoral: estudio comparativo entre cirugía abierta y laparoscópica en un modelo animal de cáncer de colon
Influence of postoperative acute-phase response on angiogenesis and tumor growth: Open versus laparoscopicassisted surgery in an animal model of colon cancer
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Miguel Peraa,1
Corresponding author
mpera@imas.imim.es

Correspondencia: Dr. Miguel Pera. Unidad de Cirugía Colorrectal. Servicio de Cirugía General. Hospital del Mar. Pg. Marítim, 25-29. 08003 Barcelona. España.
, Heidi Nelsonb, Marta Pascuala, Vincent Rajkumarc, Tonia M. Young-Fadokb, Lawrence J. Burgartd, Luis Grandea
a Unidad de Cirugía Colorrectal. Servicio de Cirugía. Hospital del Mar. IMAS. Barcelona. España
b Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery. Mayo Clinic Rochester. Minnesota
c Division of Hematology and Internal Medicine. Mayo Clinic Rochester. Minnesota
d Department of Pathology. Mayo Clinic Rochester. Minnesota. Estados Unidos
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Resumen
Introducción

El crecimiento tumoral es mayor después de la cirugía abierta que tras la laparoscopia en estudios experimentales. La interleucina (IL) 6 y la IL-1β son citocinas proinflamatorias cuya expresión aumenta más después de una laparotomía que tras una laparoscopia. In vitro, la IL-6 y la IL-1β estimulan la expresión de factores angiogénicos como el factor de crecimiento del endotelio vascular y la ciclooxigenasa-2. Hipótesis: el marcado aumento de citocinas proinflamatorias tras cirugía abierta estímula en mayor medida la angiogénesis y el crecimiento tumoral.

Métodos

Inducimos un tumor sólido en ratones mediante inyección de 5 × 106 células en la pared cecal. Los ratones fueron aleatorizados en resección cecal abierta y resección por laparoscopia. La IL-6, la IL-1β y el factor de crecimiento del endotelio vascular se determinaron en suero durante el postoperatorio. Los animales se sacrificaron 12 días después. Se aplicó una puntuación a la recidiva tumoral en función de su extensión y se determinó el peso total del tumor. La densidad microvascular y la expresión de la ciclooxigenasa-2 se estudiaron mediante inmunohistoquímica.

Resultados

La puntuación y el peso del tumor fueron mayores en el grupo de resección cecal abierta (p < 0,01). Los valores séricos de IL-6 (4.157 ± 1.297 frente a 2.514 ± 1.417 pg/ml, en los grupos de resección cecal abierta y resección por laparoscopia, respectivamente) y factor de crecimiento del endotelio vascular (231 ± 125 frente a 45 ± 9 pg/ml, en los grupos de resección cecal abierta y resección por laparoscopia, respectivamente) fueron mayores en el grupo de resección cecal abierta (p < 0,01). La angiogénesis estaba aumentada en el grupo de resección cecal abierta. La densidad microvascular media ± desviación estándar fue de 34,3 ± 11,5 en el grupo de resección cecal abierta frente a 15,5 ± 12,5 en el de resección por laparoscopia (p < 0,01). La expresión de ciclooxigenasa-2 también era mayor en el grupo de resección cecal abierta. Los valores séricos de IL-6 se correlacionaron con los del factor de crecimiento del endotelio vascular (rho = 0,61; p < 0,001). A su vez, los valores de factor de crecimiento del endotelio vascular se correlacionaron con la densidad microvascular y con el peso tumoral (rho = 0,63; p < 0,001).

Conclusiones

El aumento de citocinas proinflamatorias tras la cirugía abierta se asocia con una mayor angiogénesis y un mayor crecimiento tumoral, en comparación con la cirugía laparoscópica en ratones.

Palabras clave:
Laparoscopia
Angiogénesis
Cáncer de colon
IL-6
IL-1β
VEGF
Cox-2
Introduction

Inflammatory response and tumor growth are increased after laparotomy compared with laparoscopy in some animal models. In vitro, the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β up-regulate the expression of angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of postoperative inflammatory response on angiogenesis and tumor growth.

Methods

Solid tumor induction was achieved through injection of 5 x106 B51LiM cells into the cecal wall of Balb/c mice. The animals were randomized into two groups: open cecectomy (OC) and laparoscopic-assisted cecectomy (LC). Serum IL-6, IL-1β and VEGF levels were determined postoperatively. On postoperative day 12, the mice were sacrificed.Tumor load score and weight were calculated. Immunohistochemistry for CD31 and COX-2 was performed on samples of tumor recurrence.

Results

Tumor load score and weight were significantly greater after laparotomy than after laparoscopy (p < 0.01). Serum IL-6 (OC: 4157 ± 1.297 pg/ml versus. LC: 2.514 ± 1.417 pg/ml) and VEGF levels (OC: 231 ± 125 pg/ml vs. LC: 45 ± 9 pg/ml) were significantly higher in the laparotomy group (p < 0.01). Microvessel density (mean ± SD) was 34.3 ± 11.5 in the OC group versus. 15.5 ± 12.5 in the LC group (p < 0.01). COX-2 expression was also significantly higher in the OC group. A positive correlation was found between postoperative serum levels of IL-6 and VEGF (rho = 0.67; p < 0.001). VEGF levels were also correlated with microvessel density and tumor weight (rho = 0.63, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Increased systemic levels of proinflammatory cytokines are associated with greater angiogenesis and tumor growth after laparotomy than after laparoscopy in mice.

Key words:
Laparoscopy
Angiogenesis
Colon cancer
IL-6
IL-1β
VEGF
COX-2
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