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Vol. 73. Issue 1.
Pages 46-51 (January 2003)
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Vol. 73. Issue 1.
Pages 46-51 (January 2003)
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Tratamiento paliativo del cáncer colorrectal
Palliative treatment of colorectal cancer
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Pilar García Alfonso1
Corresponding author
felipe.calvo@madrid.org

Dra. P. García Alfonso. Doctor Esquerdo, 46. 28007 Madrid. España.
, Andrés J. Muñoz Martín, Silvia García Adrián
Servicio de Oncología Médica. Hospital General Gregorio Marañõn. Madrid. España.
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Resumen

El tratamiento de los pacientes con cáncer colorrectal (CCR) metastásico ha cambiado drásticamente en los últimos años. Hasta la década de los noventa la única opciõn terapéutica era el 5-FU en sus diferentes esquemas de administraciõn, como son la modulaciõn con leucovorín o la infusiõn continua.

Los nuevos fármacos como el CPT-11, oxaliplatino, raltitrexed y fluoropirimidinas orales poseen una marcada actividad y han permitido mejorar los resultados del CCR.

Las combinaciones de 5-FU/leucovorín con irinotecán o con oxaliplatino en primera línea han incrementado la supervivencia y la tasa de respuestas, lo que ha permitido el desarrollo de la neoadyuvancia en pacientes con metástasis hepáticas y contribuido a aumentar la tasa de resecciones curativas.

Las fluoropirimidinas orales (UFT y capecitabina) poseen una actividad comparable al 5-FU en bolo en primera línea y puede que lleguen a sustituirlo en las combinaciones aportando menor toxicidad y la comodidad de la vía oral.

Los nuevos agentes que actúan sobre dianas moleculares muestran una actividad prometedora y llegarán a formar parte de los esquemas terapéuticos futuros del CCR metastásico.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer colorrectal
Metástasis
Quimioterapia
Paliativo
Neoadyuvante

The treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) has changed dramatically in the last few years. Until the 1990s, the only therapeutic option was fluorouracil (5-FU) in its various forms of administrations such as combined with leucovorin or in continuous infusion.

New drugs such as CPT-11, oxaliplatin, raltitrexed, and oral fluoropyrimidines have marked activity and have improved outcome in CRC.

The combination of 5-FU/leucovorin with irinotecan or oxaliplatin as the first line treatment of the disease has increased survival and response rate. This has allowed neoadjuvant therapy in patients with hepatic metastases, thus increasing the rate of curative resection.

The activity of oral fluoropyrimidines (UFT and capecitabine) is similar to that of 5-FU bolus as first-line therapy and these drugs may replace 5FU combinations, reducing toxicity and increasing tolerance to the oral route.

The new agents that act on molecular targets show promising activity and will form part of future therapeutic regimens for metastatic CRC.

Key words:
Colorectal cancer
Metastases
Chemotherapy
Palliative
Neoadjuvant
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